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1
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Ripoll CM, Remondegui CE, Ordonex G, Arazamendi R, Fusaro H, Hyman MJ, Paddock CD, Zaki SR, Olson JG, Santos-Buch CA, 1999. Evidence of rickettsial spotted fever and ehrlichial infections in a subtropical territory of Jujuy, Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :350–354.
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Hidalgo M, Sanchez R, Orejuela L, Hernandez J, Walker DH, Valbuena G, 2007. Prevalence of antibodies against spotted fever group rickettsiae in a rural area of Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :378–380.
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Zavala-Castro JE, Zavala-Velazquez JE, Walker DH, Ruiz-Arcila EE, Laviada Molina H, Olano JP, Ruiz-Sosa JA, Small MA, Dzul-Rosado KR, 2006. Fatal human infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatan, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :672–674.
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Rozental T, Eremeeva ME, Paddock CD, Zaki SR, Dasch GA, Lemos ER, 2006. Fatal case of Brazilian spotted fever confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and sequencing methods on fixed tissues. Ann NY Acad Sci 1078 :257–259.
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Galvao MAM, Dumler JS, Mafra CL, Calic SB, Chamone CB, Filho GC, Olano JP, Walker DH, 2003. Fatal spotted fever rickettsiosis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :1402–1405.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) case definition. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/nndss/print/rocky_mountain_spotted_fever_2008.htm. Accessed May 20, 2008.
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Wood DO, Williamson LR, Winkler HH, Krause DC, 1987. Nucleotide sequence of the Rickettsia prowazekii citrate synthase gene. J Bacteriol 169 :3564–3572.
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Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ, 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25 :3389–3402.
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Buckingham SC, Marshall GS, Schutze GE, Woods CR, Jackson MA, Patterson LE, Jacobs RF, 2007. Tick-borne Infections in Children Study Group: clinical and laboratory features, hospital course, and outcome of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children. J Pediatr 150 :180–184.
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Gehrke FS, Mendes do Nascimento EM, Rodrigues de Souza E, Colombo S, Jacintho da Silva L, Schumaker TT, 2006. Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia sp. in blood clots in 24 patients from different municipalities of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ann NY Acad Sci 1078 :260–262.
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American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Overturf GD, Prober CG, eds. 2006 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th Edition. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 570–572.
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An Increase in Human Cases of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis in Yucatan, Mexico, Involving Children
The first human case of infection caused by Rickettsia in Yucatan was detected in 1996, and it was determined that the species was R. felis. Since then, passive epidemiologic surveillance was implemented to search for human cases in the public hospitals of the state, and in 2005, the first human case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was detected. During the following 2 years, eight new confirmed cases and one probable case were identified. Seven cases involved children younger than 12 years of age, with a fatal outcome in three of the cases. Children are a particularly vulnerable population for this serious emerging infection.