ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
LoGiudice K, Ostfeld RS, Schmidt KA, Keesing F, 2003. The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 :567–571.
-
2
Edman JD, 1979. Host-feeding patterns of Florida mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) VI. Culex (Melanoconion). J Med Entomol 15 :521–525.
-
3
Irby WS, Apperson CS, 1988. Hosts of mosquitoes in the coastal plain of North Carolina. J Med Entomol 25 :85–93.
-
4
Christensen HA, de Vasquez AM, Boreham MM, 1996. Host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :202–208.
-
5
Hassan HK, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Katholi CR, Klingler K, Unnasch TR, 2003. Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :641–647.
-
6
Boakye D, Tang JM, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1999. Identification of blood meals in hematophagous diptera by polymerase chain reaction amplification and heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol 13 :282–287.
-
7
Molaei G, Andreadis TA, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Voss-brinck CR, 2006. Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :468–474.
-
8
Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Daszak P, 2006. West Nile virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior. PLoS Biol 4 :e82.
-
9
Savage HM, Aggarwal D, Apperson CS, Katholi CR, Gordon E, Hassan HK, Anderson M, Charnetzky D, McMillen L, Unnasch EA, Unnasch TR, 2007. Host choice and West Nile virus Infection rates in blood fed mosquitoes, including members of the Culex pipiens complex, from Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee 2002–2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :365–386.
-
10
Shope RE, de Andrade AHP, Bensabath G, Causey OR, Humphrey PS, 1966. The epidemiology of EEE, WEE, SLE and Turlock viruses, with special reference to birds, in a tropical rain forest near Belem, Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 84 :467–477.
-
11
Dalrymple JM, Young OP, Eldridge BF, Russell PK, 1972. Ecology of arboviruses in a Maryland freshwater swamp. 3. Vertebrate hosts. Am J Epidemiol 96 :129–140.
-
12
Cupp EW, Zhang D, Yue X, Cupp MS, Guyer C, Korves T, Unnasch TR, 2004. Identification of reptilian and amphibian bloodmeals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalo-myelitis virus focus in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :272–276.
-
13
Burton TM, Likens GE, 1975. Energy flow and nutrient cycling in salamander populations in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 56 :1068–1080.
-
14
Pough FH, 1980. Advantages to ectothermy for tetrapods. Am Nat 115 :92–112.
-
15
Iverson J, 1982. Biomass and turtle populations: a neglected subject. Oecologia 55 :69–76.
-
16
Petranka JW, Murray SS, 2001. Effectiveness of removal sampling for determining salamander density and biomass: a case study in an Appalachian streamside community. J Herpetol 35 :36–44.
-
17
Gibbons JW, Winne CT, Scott DE, Willson JD, Glaudas X, Andrews KM, Todd BD, Fedewa LA, Wilkinson L, Tsaliagos RN, Harper SJ, Greene JL, Tuberville TD, Metts BS, Dorcas ME, Nestor JP, Young CA, Akre T, Reed RN, Buhlmann KA, Norman J, Croshaw DA, Hagen C, Rothermel BB, 2006. Remarkable amphibian biomass and abundance in an isolated wetland: implications for wetland conservation. Conserv Biol 20 :1457–1465.
-
18
Gebhardt LP, Hill DW, 1960. Overwintering of western equine encephalitis virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 104 :695–698.
-
19
Thomas LA, Eklund CM, 1962. Overwintering of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in garter snakes experimentally infected by Culex tarsalis.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 109 :421–424.
-
20
Bowen GS, 1977. Prolonged western equine encephalitis viremia in the Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri). Am J Trop Med Hyg 26 :171–175.
-
21
Karstad L, 1961. Reptiles as Possible Reservoir Hosts for Eastern Encephalitis Virus. Transactions of the 26th North American Wildlife Conference, 186–202.
-
22
Hayes RO, Daniels JB, Maxfield HK, Wheeler RE, 1964. Field and laboratory studies on eastern encephalitis in warm- and cold-blooded vertebrates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13 :595–606.
-
23
Klenk K, Snow J, Morgan K, Bowen R, Stephens M, Foster F, Gordy P, Beckett S, Komar N, Gubler D, Bunning M, 2004. Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers. Emerg Inf Dis 10 :2150–2155.
-
24
Morris CD, Caines AR, Woodall JP, Bast TF, 1975. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in upstate New York 1972–1974. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :986–991.
-
25
Cupp EW, Klinger K, Hassan HK, Viguers LM, Unnasch TR, 2003. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :495–500.
-
26
Burkett-Cadena ND, Eubanks MD, Unnasch TR, 2008. Preference of female mosquitoes for natural and artificial resting sites. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 24 :228–235.
-
27
Edman JD, Evans Williams JA, 1968. Development of a diurnal resting box to collect Culiseta melanura (Coq). Am J Trop Med Hyg 17 :451–456.
-
28
Darsie RF, Ward RA, 1981. Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosq Systemat 1S :1–313.
-
29
Kitano T, Umetsu K, Tian W, Osawa M, 2007. Two universal primer sets for species identification among vertebrates. Int J Legal Med 121 :423–427.
-
30
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
-
31
Heyer W, Donnelly M, McDiarmid R, Hayek L, Foster M, 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
-
32
Bartlett-Healy K, Crans W, Gaugler R, 2008. Phonotaxis to amphibian vocalizations in Culex territans (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann Ent Soc Am 101 :95–103.
-
33
Khan AA, 1977. Mosquito attractants and repellents. Shorey HH, McKelvey JJ, eds. Chemical Control of Insect Behavior: Theory and Application. New York: John Wiley, 305–325.
-
34
Kilpatrick AM, Daszak P, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Kramer LD, 2006. Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 273 :2327–2333.
-
35
Hess AD, Hayes RO, Tempelis CH, 1968. The use of the foraging ratio technique in mosquito host preference studies. Mosq News 28 :386–389.
-
36
Apperson CS, Hassan HK, Harrison BA, Aspen SE, Savage HM, Farajollahi A, Crans W, Daniels TJ, Falco RC, Benedict M, Anderson M, McMillen L, Unnasch TR, 2004. Host feeding patterns of probable vector mosquitoes of West Nile virus in the eastern United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4 :71–82.
-
37
McClelland BE, Wilczynski W, Ryan MJ, 1996. Correlations between call characteristics and morphology in male cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). J Exp Biol 199 :1907–1919.
-
38
Wight AH, 1932. Life-Histories of the Frogs of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
-
39
Kats C, Petranka J, Sih A, 1988. Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishes. Ecology 69 :1865–1870.
-
40
Williams CR, Smith BP, Best SM, Tyler MJ, 2006. Mosquito repellents in frog skin. Biol Lett 2 :242–245.
-
41
Unnasch RS, Cupp EW, Unnasch TR, 2005. Host selection and its role in transmission of arboviral encephalitides. Collinge SK, Ray C, eds. Disease Ecology: Community Structure and Pathogen Dynamics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 73–89.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 248 | 192 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 286 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 109 | 7 | 0 |
Blood Feeding Patterns of Potential Arbovirus Vectors of the Genus Culex Targeting Ectothermic Hosts
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Sean P. Graham
Sean P. Graham
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Hassan K. Hassan
Hassan K. Hassan
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Craig Guyer
Craig Guyer
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Micky D. Eubanks
Micky D. Eubanks
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Charles R. Katholi
Charles R. Katholi
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Thomas R. Unnasch
Thomas R. Unnasch
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Reptiles and amphibians constitute a significant portion of vertebrate biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and may be important arbovirus reservoirs. To investigate mosquito preference for ectothermic hosts, feeding indices were calculated from data collected in Tuskegee National Forest, Alabama, USA. Four mosquito species fed upon ectothermic hosts, with Culex peccator and Cx. territans feeding primarily upon ectotherms. These two species appeared to target distinct species with little overlap in host choice. Culex peccator was a generalist in its feeding patterns within ectotherms, and Cx. territans appeared to be a more specialized feeder. Six of eleven ectotherm species fed upon by Cx. territans were fed upon more often than predicted based upon abundance. Spring peepers were highly preferred over other host species by Cx. territans. Blood meals taken from each host species varied temporally, with some hosts being targeted fairly evenly throughout the season and others being fed upon in seasonal peaks.
Author Notes
ProCite
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BibTeX
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-
1
LoGiudice K, Ostfeld RS, Schmidt KA, Keesing F, 2003. The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 :567–571.
-
2
Edman JD, 1979. Host-feeding patterns of Florida mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) VI. Culex (Melanoconion). J Med Entomol 15 :521–525.
-
3
Irby WS, Apperson CS, 1988. Hosts of mosquitoes in the coastal plain of North Carolina. J Med Entomol 25 :85–93.
-
4
Christensen HA, de Vasquez AM, Boreham MM, 1996. Host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :202–208.
-
5
Hassan HK, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Katholi CR, Klingler K, Unnasch TR, 2003. Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :641–647.
-
6
Boakye D, Tang JM, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1999. Identification of blood meals in hematophagous diptera by polymerase chain reaction amplification and heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol 13 :282–287.
-
7
Molaei G, Andreadis TA, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Voss-brinck CR, 2006. Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :468–474.
-
8
Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Daszak P, 2006. West Nile virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior. PLoS Biol 4 :e82.
-
9
Savage HM, Aggarwal D, Apperson CS, Katholi CR, Gordon E, Hassan HK, Anderson M, Charnetzky D, McMillen L, Unnasch EA, Unnasch TR, 2007. Host choice and West Nile virus Infection rates in blood fed mosquitoes, including members of the Culex pipiens complex, from Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee 2002–2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :365–386.
-
10
Shope RE, de Andrade AHP, Bensabath G, Causey OR, Humphrey PS, 1966. The epidemiology of EEE, WEE, SLE and Turlock viruses, with special reference to birds, in a tropical rain forest near Belem, Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 84 :467–477.
-
11
Dalrymple JM, Young OP, Eldridge BF, Russell PK, 1972. Ecology of arboviruses in a Maryland freshwater swamp. 3. Vertebrate hosts. Am J Epidemiol 96 :129–140.
-
12
Cupp EW, Zhang D, Yue X, Cupp MS, Guyer C, Korves T, Unnasch TR, 2004. Identification of reptilian and amphibian bloodmeals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalo-myelitis virus focus in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :272–276.
-
13
Burton TM, Likens GE, 1975. Energy flow and nutrient cycling in salamander populations in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 56 :1068–1080.
-
14
Pough FH, 1980. Advantages to ectothermy for tetrapods. Am Nat 115 :92–112.
-
15
Iverson J, 1982. Biomass and turtle populations: a neglected subject. Oecologia 55 :69–76.
-
16
Petranka JW, Murray SS, 2001. Effectiveness of removal sampling for determining salamander density and biomass: a case study in an Appalachian streamside community. J Herpetol 35 :36–44.
-
17
Gibbons JW, Winne CT, Scott DE, Willson JD, Glaudas X, Andrews KM, Todd BD, Fedewa LA, Wilkinson L, Tsaliagos RN, Harper SJ, Greene JL, Tuberville TD, Metts BS, Dorcas ME, Nestor JP, Young CA, Akre T, Reed RN, Buhlmann KA, Norman J, Croshaw DA, Hagen C, Rothermel BB, 2006. Remarkable amphibian biomass and abundance in an isolated wetland: implications for wetland conservation. Conserv Biol 20 :1457–1465.
-
18
Gebhardt LP, Hill DW, 1960. Overwintering of western equine encephalitis virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 104 :695–698.
-
19
Thomas LA, Eklund CM, 1962. Overwintering of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in garter snakes experimentally infected by Culex tarsalis.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 109 :421–424.
-
20
Bowen GS, 1977. Prolonged western equine encephalitis viremia in the Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri). Am J Trop Med Hyg 26 :171–175.
-
21
Karstad L, 1961. Reptiles as Possible Reservoir Hosts for Eastern Encephalitis Virus. Transactions of the 26th North American Wildlife Conference, 186–202.
-
22
Hayes RO, Daniels JB, Maxfield HK, Wheeler RE, 1964. Field and laboratory studies on eastern encephalitis in warm- and cold-blooded vertebrates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13 :595–606.
-
23
Klenk K, Snow J, Morgan K, Bowen R, Stephens M, Foster F, Gordy P, Beckett S, Komar N, Gubler D, Bunning M, 2004. Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers. Emerg Inf Dis 10 :2150–2155.
-
24
Morris CD, Caines AR, Woodall JP, Bast TF, 1975. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in upstate New York 1972–1974. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24 :986–991.
-
25
Cupp EW, Klinger K, Hassan HK, Viguers LM, Unnasch TR, 2003. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :495–500.
-
26
Burkett-Cadena ND, Eubanks MD, Unnasch TR, 2008. Preference of female mosquitoes for natural and artificial resting sites. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 24 :228–235.
-
27
Edman JD, Evans Williams JA, 1968. Development of a diurnal resting box to collect Culiseta melanura (Coq). Am J Trop Med Hyg 17 :451–456.
-
28
Darsie RF, Ward RA, 1981. Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosq Systemat 1S :1–313.
-
29
Kitano T, Umetsu K, Tian W, Osawa M, 2007. Two universal primer sets for species identification among vertebrates. Int J Legal Med 121 :423–427.
-
30
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
-
31
Heyer W, Donnelly M, McDiarmid R, Hayek L, Foster M, 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
-
32
Bartlett-Healy K, Crans W, Gaugler R, 2008. Phonotaxis to amphibian vocalizations in Culex territans (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann Ent Soc Am 101 :95–103.
-
33
Khan AA, 1977. Mosquito attractants and repellents. Shorey HH, McKelvey JJ, eds. Chemical Control of Insect Behavior: Theory and Application. New York: John Wiley, 305–325.
-
34
Kilpatrick AM, Daszak P, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Kramer LD, 2006. Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 273 :2327–2333.
-
35
Hess AD, Hayes RO, Tempelis CH, 1968. The use of the foraging ratio technique in mosquito host preference studies. Mosq News 28 :386–389.
-
36
Apperson CS, Hassan HK, Harrison BA, Aspen SE, Savage HM, Farajollahi A, Crans W, Daniels TJ, Falco RC, Benedict M, Anderson M, McMillen L, Unnasch TR, 2004. Host feeding patterns of probable vector mosquitoes of West Nile virus in the eastern United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4 :71–82.
-
37
McClelland BE, Wilczynski W, Ryan MJ, 1996. Correlations between call characteristics and morphology in male cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). J Exp Biol 199 :1907–1919.
-
38
Wight AH, 1932. Life-Histories of the Frogs of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
-
39
Kats C, Petranka J, Sih A, 1988. Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishes. Ecology 69 :1865–1870.
-
40
Williams CR, Smith BP, Best SM, Tyler MJ, 2006. Mosquito repellents in frog skin. Biol Lett 2 :242–245.
-
41
Unnasch RS, Cupp EW, Unnasch TR, 2005. Host selection and its role in transmission of arboviral encephalitides. Collinge SK, Ray C, eds. Disease Ecology: Community Structure and Pathogen Dynamics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 73–89.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 248 | 192 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 286 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 109 | 7 | 0 |