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1
Damaso CRA, Esposito JJ, Condit RC, Moussatché N, 2000. An emergent Poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from brazilian smallpox vaccine. Virology 277 :439–449.
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2
Fonseca FG, Trindade GS, Silva RLA, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2002. Characterization of a Vaccinia-like virus isolated in a Brazilian forest. J Gen Virol 83 :223–228.
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3
Trindade GS, Fonseca FG, Marques JT, Nogueira ML, Mendes LCN, Borges AS, Peiró JR, Pituco EM, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2003. Araçatuba virus: a Vaccinia-like virus associated with infection in humans and cattle. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :155–160.
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4
Trindade GS, Fonseca FG, Marques JT, Diniz S, Leite JÁ, De Bodt S, Van der Peer Y, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2004. Belo Horizonte virus: a Vaccinia-like virus lacking the A-type inclusion body gene isolated from infected mice. J Gen Virol 85 :2015–2021.
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5
Leite JA, Drumond BP, Trindade GS, Lobato ZIP, Fonseca FG, Santos JR, Madureira MC, Guedes MIMC, Ferreira JMS, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2005. Passatempo virus, a Vaccinia virus strain, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1935–1938.
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6
Nagasse-Sugahara TK, Kisielius JJ, Ueda-Ito M, Curti SP, Figueiredo CA, Cruz AS, Silva MMJ, Ramos CH, Silva MCC, Sakurai T, Salles-Gomes LF, 2004. Human Vaccinia-like outbreaks in São Paulo and Goiá States, Brazil: virus detection, isolation and identification. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 46 :315–322.
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7
Lobato ZIP, Trindade GS, Frois MCM, Ribeiro EBT, Dias GRC, Teixeira BM, Lima FA, Almeida GMF, Kroon EG, 2005. Surto de varíola bovina causada pelo vírus Vaccinia na região da Zona da mata mineira. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 57 :423–429.
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8
Trindade GS, Emerson GL, Carroll DS, Kroon EG, Damon IK, 2007. Brazilian Vaccinia viruses and their origins. Emereg Infec Dis 13 :965–972.
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9
Newman FK, Frey SE, Blevins TP, Mandava M, Bonifacio A, Yan L, Belshe R, 2003. Improved assay to detect neutralizing antibody following vaccination with diluted or undiluted Vaccinia (Dryvax) vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 41 :3154–3157.
-
10
Chomkzynski P, 1993. A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation RNA, DNA and proteins from cells and tissue samples. Biotechniques 15 :532–537.
-
11
Damaso CRA, Reis SA, Jesus DM, Lima PSF, Moussatché N, 2007. A PCR based assay for detection of emerging Vaccinia like viruses isolated in Brazil. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 57 :39–46.
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12
Inoshima Y, Morooka A, Sentsui H, 2000. Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Meth 84 :201–208.
-
13
Brenner S, Horne RW, 1959. A negative staining method for high resolution electron microscopy of viruses. Biochim Biophys Acta 34 :103.
-
14
Almeida JD, 1980. Practical aspects of diagnostic electron microscopy. Yale J Biol Med 53 :5–18.
-
15
Hayat MA, Miller SE, 1990. Negative Staining. New York: McGraw-Hill Public Company, 253.
-
16
Kim SH, Yeo SG, Park KH, Bang JW, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Jee Y, Cho H, Oh MD, Choe KW, 2006. The persistence of humoral and cellular immunities more than three decades after smallpox vaccination. Clin Microbiol Infect 13 :86–108.
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17
Simpson EL, Hercher M, Hammarlund EK, Lewis MW, Slifka MK, Hanifin JM, 2007. Cutaneous response to Vaccinia in individuals with previous smallpox vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 :442–444.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 149 | 124 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 375 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 130 | 4 | 0 |
Vaccinia Virus in Humans and Cattle in Southwest Region of São Paulo State, Brazil
Jane Megid
Jane Megid
University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil; Instituto Biologico de São Paulo, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Camila Michele Appolinário
Camila Michele Appolinário
University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil; Instituto Biologico de São Paulo, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hélio Langoni
Hélio Langoni
University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil; Instituto Biologico de São Paulo, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Edviges Maristela Pituco
Edviges Maristela Pituco
University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil; Instituto Biologico de São Paulo, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liria Hiromi Okuda
Liria Hiromi Okuda
University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil; Instituto Biologico de São Paulo, Laboratorio de Viroses de Bovideos, São Paulo, Brazil
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A new outbreak of Vaccinia virus was observed in Southwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The disease was observed in four small dairy farms with manual milking. Lesions were detected in cattle and in humans previously vaccinated and not vaccinated against smallpox. Although several reports of Vaccinia virus outbreaks have been occurring in Brazil, it was not yet reported in this region. This outbreak reinforces the viral circulation in our country. The disease in persons previously vaccinated and not vaccinated against smallpox reinforces the absence of immunity, the risk to the human health, and the need for more epidemiologic and immunologic studies.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Damaso CRA, Esposito JJ, Condit RC, Moussatché N, 2000. An emergent Poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from brazilian smallpox vaccine. Virology 277 :439–449.
-
2
Fonseca FG, Trindade GS, Silva RLA, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2002. Characterization of a Vaccinia-like virus isolated in a Brazilian forest. J Gen Virol 83 :223–228.
-
3
Trindade GS, Fonseca FG, Marques JT, Nogueira ML, Mendes LCN, Borges AS, Peiró JR, Pituco EM, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2003. Araçatuba virus: a Vaccinia-like virus associated with infection in humans and cattle. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :155–160.
-
4
Trindade GS, Fonseca FG, Marques JT, Diniz S, Leite JÁ, De Bodt S, Van der Peer Y, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2004. Belo Horizonte virus: a Vaccinia-like virus lacking the A-type inclusion body gene isolated from infected mice. J Gen Virol 85 :2015–2021.
-
5
Leite JA, Drumond BP, Trindade GS, Lobato ZIP, Fonseca FG, Santos JR, Madureira MC, Guedes MIMC, Ferreira JMS, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, 2005. Passatempo virus, a Vaccinia virus strain, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1935–1938.
-
6
Nagasse-Sugahara TK, Kisielius JJ, Ueda-Ito M, Curti SP, Figueiredo CA, Cruz AS, Silva MMJ, Ramos CH, Silva MCC, Sakurai T, Salles-Gomes LF, 2004. Human Vaccinia-like outbreaks in São Paulo and Goiá States, Brazil: virus detection, isolation and identification. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 46 :315–322.
-
7
Lobato ZIP, Trindade GS, Frois MCM, Ribeiro EBT, Dias GRC, Teixeira BM, Lima FA, Almeida GMF, Kroon EG, 2005. Surto de varíola bovina causada pelo vírus Vaccinia na região da Zona da mata mineira. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 57 :423–429.
-
8
Trindade GS, Emerson GL, Carroll DS, Kroon EG, Damon IK, 2007. Brazilian Vaccinia viruses and their origins. Emereg Infec Dis 13 :965–972.
-
9
Newman FK, Frey SE, Blevins TP, Mandava M, Bonifacio A, Yan L, Belshe R, 2003. Improved assay to detect neutralizing antibody following vaccination with diluted or undiluted Vaccinia (Dryvax) vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 41 :3154–3157.
-
10
Chomkzynski P, 1993. A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation RNA, DNA and proteins from cells and tissue samples. Biotechniques 15 :532–537.
-
11
Damaso CRA, Reis SA, Jesus DM, Lima PSF, Moussatché N, 2007. A PCR based assay for detection of emerging Vaccinia like viruses isolated in Brazil. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 57 :39–46.
-
12
Inoshima Y, Morooka A, Sentsui H, 2000. Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Meth 84 :201–208.
-
13
Brenner S, Horne RW, 1959. A negative staining method for high resolution electron microscopy of viruses. Biochim Biophys Acta 34 :103.
-
14
Almeida JD, 1980. Practical aspects of diagnostic electron microscopy. Yale J Biol Med 53 :5–18.
-
15
Hayat MA, Miller SE, 1990. Negative Staining. New York: McGraw-Hill Public Company, 253.
-
16
Kim SH, Yeo SG, Park KH, Bang JW, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Jee Y, Cho H, Oh MD, Choe KW, 2006. The persistence of humoral and cellular immunities more than three decades after smallpox vaccination. Clin Microbiol Infect 13 :86–108.
-
17
Simpson EL, Hercher M, Hammarlund EK, Lewis MW, Slifka MK, Hanifin JM, 2007. Cutaneous response to Vaccinia in individuals with previous smallpox vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 :442–444.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 149 | 124 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 375 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 130 | 4 | 0 |