ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Raoult D, Roux V, 1997. Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 10 :694–719.
-
2
Botelho-Nevers E, Raoult D, 2007. Fever of unknown origin due to rickettsioses. Infect Dis Clin North Am 21 :997–1011.
-
3
La Scola B, Raoult D, 1997. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2715–2727.
-
4
Maurin M, Raoult D, 1999. Q fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 12 :518–553.
-
5
Lai CH, Huang CK, Chin C, Chung HC, Huang WS, Lin CW, Hsu CY, Lin HH, 2008. Acute Q fever: an emerging and endemic disease in southern Taiwan. Scand J Infect Dis 40 :105–110.
-
6
Lee HC, Ko WC, Lee HL, Chen HY, 2002. Clinical manifestations and complications of rickettsiosis in southern Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 101 :385–392.
-
7
Lee YS, Wang PH, Tseng SJ, Ko CF, Teng HJ, 2006. Epidemiology of scrub typhus in eastern Taiwan, 2000–2004. Jpn J Infect Dis 59 :235–238.
-
8
Chen HL, Chen HY, Wu YC, Horng CB, 1994. Q fever in Taiwan. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 54 :1–6.
-
9
Chen HL, Chen HY, Horng CB, 1993. Surveillance of scrub typhus in Taiwan. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 26 :166–170.
-
10
Watt G, Chouriyagune C, Ruangweerayud R, Watcharapichat P, Phulsuksombati D, Jongsakul K, Teja-Isavadharm P, Bhodhidatta D, Corcoran KD, Dasch GA, Strickman D, 1996. Scrub typhus infections poorly responsive to antibiotics in northern Thailand. Lancet 348 :86–89.
-
11
Levy P, Raoult D, Razongles JJ, 1989. Q-fever and autoimmunity. Eur J Epidemiol 5 :447–453.
-
12
Rolain JM, Lambert F, Raoult D, 2005. Activity of telithromycin against thirteen new isolates of C. burnetii including three resistant to doxycycline. Ann NY Acad Sci 1063 :252–256.
-
13
Rolain JM, Boulos A, Mallet MN, Raoult D, 2005. Correlation between ratio of serum doxycycline concentration to MIC and rapid decline of antibody levels during treatment of Q fever endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 :2673–2676.
-
14
Netea MG, Kullberg BJ, Van der Meer JW, 2000. Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever. Clin Infect Dis 31 (Suppl 5):S178–S184.
-
15
Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Prather AA, Jennings JR, Neumann SA, Manuck SB, 2007. Stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines covaries inversely with heart rate variability. Psychosom Med 69 :709–716.
-
16
Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Seeman T, 2007. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med 13 :178–184.
-
17
Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, Wang H, Abumrad N, Eaton JW, Tracey KJ, 2000. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 405 :458–462.
-
18
Lai CH, Chin C, Chung HC, Huang CK, Chen WF, Yang YT, Chen W, Lin HH, 2007. Acute Q fever hepatitis in patients with and without underlying hepatitis B or C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 45 :e52–e59.
-
19
Chang K, Yan JJ, Lee HC, Liu KH, Lee NY, Ko WC, 2004. Acute hepatitis with or without jaundice: a predominant presentation of acute Q fever in southern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 37 :103–108.
-
20
Luksic B, Punda-Polic V, Ivic I, Bradaric I, Bradaric N, 2006. Clinical and epidemiological features of hospitalized acute Q fever cases from Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia), 1985–2002. Med Sci Monit 12 :CR126–CR131.
-
21
Alarcon A, Villanueva JL, Viciana P, Lopez-Cortes L, Torronteras R, Bernabeu M, Cordero E, Pachon J, 2003. Q fever: epidemiology, clinical features and prognosis. A study from 1983 to 1999 in the South of Spain. J Infect 47 :110–116.
-
22
Ergas D, Keysari A, Edelstein V, Sthoeger ZM, 2006. Acute Q fever in Israel: clinical and laboratory study of 100 hospitalized patients. Isr Med Assoc J 8 :337–341.
-
23
Sampere M, Font B, Font J, Sanfeliu I, Segura F, 2003. Q fever in adults: review of 66 clinical cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22 :108–110.
-
24
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79 :26–30.
-
25
Ogawa M, Hagiwara T, Kishimoto T, Shiga S, Yoshida Y, Furuya Y, Kaiho I, Ito T, Nemoto H, Yamamoto N, Masukawa K, 2002. Scrub typhus in Japan: epidemiology and clinical features of cases reported in 1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :162–165.
-
26
Hu ML, Liu JW, Wu KL, Lu SN, Chiou SS, Kuo CH, Chuah SK, Wang JH, Hu TH, Chiu KW, Lee CM, Changchien CS, 2005. Short report: abnormal liver function in scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :667–668.
-
27
Yang CH, Hsu GJ, Peng MY, Young TG, 1995. Hepatic dysfunction in scrub typhus. J Formos Med Assoc 94 :101–105.
-
28
Seong SY, Choi MS, Kim IS, 2001. Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and immune responses. Microbes Infect 3 :11–21.
-
29
Bernabeu-Wittel M, Pachon J, Alarcon A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Viciana P, Jimenez-Mejias ME, Villanueva JL, Torronteras R, Caballero-Granado FJ, 1999. Murine typhus as a common cause of fever of intermediate duration: a 17-year study in the south of Spain. Arch Intern Med 159 :872–876.
-
30
Dumler JS, Taylor JP, Walker DH, 1991. Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in south Texas, 1980 through 1987. JAMA 266 :1365–1370.
-
31
Silpapojakul K, Mitarnun W, Ovartlarnporn B, Chamroonkul N, Khow-Ean U, 1996. Liver involvement in murine typhus. QJM 89 :623–629.
-
32
Bleck TP, 1999. Central nervous system involvement in Rickettsial diseases. Neurol Clin 17 :801–812.
-
33
Bernit E, Pouget J, Janbon F, Dutronc H, Martinez P, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2002. Neurological involvement in acute Q fever: a report of 29 cases and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 162 :693–700.
-
34
Kofteridis DP, Mazokopakis EE, Tselentis Y, Gikas A, 2004. Neurological complications of acute Q fever infection. Eur J Epidemiol 19 :1051–1054.
-
35
Pai H, Sohn S, Seong Y, Kee S, Chang WH, Choe KW, 1997. Central nervous system involvement in patients with scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis 24 :436–440.
-
36
Silpapojakul K, Ukkachoke C, Krisanapan S, Silpapojakul K, 1991. Rickettsial meningitis and encephalitis. Arch Intern Med 151 :1753–1757.
-
37
Masalha R, Merkin-Zaborsky H, Matar M, Zirkin HJ, Wirguin I, Herishanu YO, 1998. Murine typhus presenting as subacute meningoencephalitis. J Neurol 245 :665–668.
-
38
Whittick JW, 1950. Necropsy findings in a case of Q fever in Britain. BMJ 1 :979–980.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Full Text Views | 678 | 490 | 17 |
| PDF Downloads | 75 | 32 | 1 |
Clinical Characteristics of Acute Q Fever, Scrub Typhus, and Murine Typhus with Delayed Defervescence Despite Doxycycline Treatment
Doxycycline is the recommended antibiotic for acute Q fever, scrub typhus, and murine typhus and defervescence often occurs within 3 days of treatment. Patients with delayed defervescence (> 3 days) are troublesome for clinicians. To investigate the characteristics of such patients, 18 and 88 cases with and without delayed defervescence, respectively, were studied. By univariate analysis, absence of headache (P = 0.004), jaundice (P = 0.030), icteric sclera (P = 0.030), relative bradycardia (P = 0.003), and pulmonary involvement on chest x-ray (P = 0.028) were significant findings in patients with delayed defervescence. By multivariate analysis, absence of headache (odds ratio [OR] = 8.310; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.990–34.706, P = 0.004), jaundice (OR = 6.242; 95% CI = 1.374–28.365, P = 0.018), and relative bradycardia (OR = 10.449; 95% CI = 2.137–51.088, P = 0.004) were the independent characteristics of patients with delayed defervescence. In treating acute Q fever, scrub typhus, and murine typhus with doxycycline, clinicians should be aware that delayed defervescence may occur in patients presenting with jaundice, relative bradycardia, and absence of headache.