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1
Collins FA, James AA, 1996. Genetic modifications of mosquitoes. Sci Med (Phila) 3 :52ā61.
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2
Aultman KS, Walker ED, Gifford F, Severson DW, Beard CB, Scott TW, 2000. Research ethics. Managing risks of arthropod vector research. Science 288 :2321ā2322.
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3
Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, 2004. Bugs in the System? Issues in the Science and Regulation of Genetically Modified Insects. Available at: http://www.pewtrusts.org/our_work__report_detail.aspx?id=17984. Accessed July 9, 008.
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4
Knols BGJ, Bossin H, 2004. Identification and characterization of field sites for genetic control of disease vectors. Knols BGJ, Louis C, eds. Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Springer/Frontis, 203ā209.
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5
ToureĢ YT, Oduola AMJ, Sommerfeld J, Morel CM, 2004. Bio-safety and risk assessment in the use of genetically modified mosquitoes for disease control. Knols BGJ, Louis C, eds. Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Springer/Frontis, 217ā222.
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6
Macer D, 2003. Ethical, legal and social issues of genetically modified disease vectors in public health. Social, economic and behavioural research. Special Topics No. 1. Geneva: TDR/ WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/publications/pdf/seb_topic1.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2008.
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7
Edeger TT, 1999. North-south research partnerships: the ethics of carrying out research in developing countries. BMJ 319 :438ā441.
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8
Singer PA, Taylor AD, Daar AS, Upshur REG, Singh JA, Lavery JV, 2007. Grand challenges in global health: the ethical, social and cultural Program. PLoS Med 4 :e265.
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9
Dickens BM, 2001. The Challenge of Equivalent Protection. Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research 2001. Washington, DC: NBAC.
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10
Sreenivasan G, 2003. Does informed consent to research require comprehension? Lancet 362 :2016ā2018.
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11
Sugarman J, McCrory DC, Powell D, Krasny A, Adams B, Ball E, Cassell C, 1999. Empirical research on informed consent. An annotated bibliography. Hastings Cent Rep 29 :S1āS42.
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12
National Bioethics Advisory Committee, 2001. Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research. Washington, DC: NBAC.
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13
Weijer C, Emanuel EJ, 2000. Ethics. Protecting communities in biomedical research. Science 289 :1142ā1144.
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14
Senituli L, Boyes M, 2007. Whose DNA? Tonga and Iceland, biotech, ownership and consent. Lavery JV, Wahl ER, Grady C, Emanuel EJ, eds. Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: A Casebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 53ā63.
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15
Brunger F, Weijer C, 2007. Politics, risk, and community in the ICBG-Chiapas case. Lavery JV, Wahl ER, Grady C, Emanuel EJ, eds. Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: A Casebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 35ā42.
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16
Tindana PO, Singh JA, Tracy CS, Upshur REG, Daar AS, Singer PA, Frohlich J, Lavery JV, 2007. Grand challenges in global health: Community engagement in research in developing countries. PLOS Med 4 :e273.
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17
Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Killen J, Grady C, 2004. What makes clinical research in developing countries ethical? The benchmarks of ethical research. J Infect Dis 189 :930ā937.
-
18
Hodgson J, 2002. Maize uncertainties create political fallout. Nat Biotechnol 20 :106ā107.
-
19
Rowe G, 2005. A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Science, Technology & Human Values 30 :251ā290.
-
20
Benedict M, DāAbbs P, Dobson S, Gottlieb M, Harrington LC, Higgs S, James AA, James S, Knols BGJ, Lavery JV, OāNeill S, Scott TW, Takken W, Toure Y, 2008. Guidance for contained field trials of vector mosquitoes engineered to contain a gene drive. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :127ā166.
-
21
Macer DRJ, 2006. Ethics and community engagement for GM insect vector release. BoeĢte C, ed. Genetically Modified Mosquitoes for Malaria Control. Austin, TXs: Landes Bioscience, 148ā161.
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22
Enhancing Regulatory Communication. Microbial biopesticides and transgenic insects. University of California, Riverside. Available at: http://biopesticide.ucr.edu/daegu/assets/DRAFT_Daegu_Protocol_12-11-06.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2008.
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23
Call for Applications. Programme grant to develop regional centres in Asia and Latin America for training in biosafety assessment for human health and the environment of the use of genetically modified disease vectors. UNICEF-UNDP-World Bank-WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/grants/grants/bl5_asia_latinamerica.htm. Accessed July 9, 2008.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 58 | 58 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 650 | 176 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 417 | 36 | 0 |
Ethical, Social, and Cultural Considerations for Site Selection for Research with Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
James V. Lavery
James V. Lavery
Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Centre for Global Health Research, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaelās Hospital, Department of Public Health Sciences and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California
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Laura C. Harrington
Laura C. Harrington
Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Centre for Global Health Research, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaelās Hospital, Department of Public Health Sciences and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California
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Thomas W. Scott
Thomas W. Scott
Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Centre for Global Health Research, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michaelās Hospital, Department of Public Health Sciences and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California
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Recent advances in technology have made strategies for disease control using genetically modified (GM) vectors more plausible. Selecting an appropriate field site for research with GM mosquitoes may be one of the most complex and significant aspects of the research process. Among the key considerations of the process is the need to address ethical, legal, and cultural (ESC) issues. No guidelines have been developed to date for this complicated and sensitive process. In this paper, we describe a site selection process and a set of preliminary considerations for addressing the ESC aspects of a research program involving genetic strategies for the control of mosquitoes as vectors for dengue viruses. These considerations reflect some of the key ESC issues for site selection decisions for research with GM vectors.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Collins FA, James AA, 1996. Genetic modifications of mosquitoes. Sci Med (Phila) 3 :52ā61.
-
2
Aultman KS, Walker ED, Gifford F, Severson DW, Beard CB, Scott TW, 2000. Research ethics. Managing risks of arthropod vector research. Science 288 :2321ā2322.
-
3
Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, 2004. Bugs in the System? Issues in the Science and Regulation of Genetically Modified Insects. Available at: http://www.pewtrusts.org/our_work__report_detail.aspx?id=17984. Accessed July 9, 008.
-
4
Knols BGJ, Bossin H, 2004. Identification and characterization of field sites for genetic control of disease vectors. Knols BGJ, Louis C, eds. Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Springer/Frontis, 203ā209.
-
5
ToureĢ YT, Oduola AMJ, Sommerfeld J, Morel CM, 2004. Bio-safety and risk assessment in the use of genetically modified mosquitoes for disease control. Knols BGJ, Louis C, eds. Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Springer/Frontis, 217ā222.
-
6
Macer D, 2003. Ethical, legal and social issues of genetically modified disease vectors in public health. Social, economic and behavioural research. Special Topics No. 1. Geneva: TDR/ WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/publications/pdf/seb_topic1.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2008.
-
7
Edeger TT, 1999. North-south research partnerships: the ethics of carrying out research in developing countries. BMJ 319 :438ā441.
-
8
Singer PA, Taylor AD, Daar AS, Upshur REG, Singh JA, Lavery JV, 2007. Grand challenges in global health: the ethical, social and cultural Program. PLoS Med 4 :e265.
-
9
Dickens BM, 2001. The Challenge of Equivalent Protection. Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research 2001. Washington, DC: NBAC.
-
10
Sreenivasan G, 2003. Does informed consent to research require comprehension? Lancet 362 :2016ā2018.
-
11
Sugarman J, McCrory DC, Powell D, Krasny A, Adams B, Ball E, Cassell C, 1999. Empirical research on informed consent. An annotated bibliography. Hastings Cent Rep 29 :S1āS42.
-
12
National Bioethics Advisory Committee, 2001. Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research. Washington, DC: NBAC.
-
13
Weijer C, Emanuel EJ, 2000. Ethics. Protecting communities in biomedical research. Science 289 :1142ā1144.
-
14
Senituli L, Boyes M, 2007. Whose DNA? Tonga and Iceland, biotech, ownership and consent. Lavery JV, Wahl ER, Grady C, Emanuel EJ, eds. Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: A Casebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 53ā63.
-
15
Brunger F, Weijer C, 2007. Politics, risk, and community in the ICBG-Chiapas case. Lavery JV, Wahl ER, Grady C, Emanuel EJ, eds. Ethical Issues in International Biomedical Research: A Casebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 35ā42.
-
16
Tindana PO, Singh JA, Tracy CS, Upshur REG, Daar AS, Singer PA, Frohlich J, Lavery JV, 2007. Grand challenges in global health: Community engagement in research in developing countries. PLOS Med 4 :e273.
-
17
Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Killen J, Grady C, 2004. What makes clinical research in developing countries ethical? The benchmarks of ethical research. J Infect Dis 189 :930ā937.
-
18
Hodgson J, 2002. Maize uncertainties create political fallout. Nat Biotechnol 20 :106ā107.
-
19
Rowe G, 2005. A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Science, Technology & Human Values 30 :251ā290.
-
20
Benedict M, DāAbbs P, Dobson S, Gottlieb M, Harrington LC, Higgs S, James AA, James S, Knols BGJ, Lavery JV, OāNeill S, Scott TW, Takken W, Toure Y, 2008. Guidance for contained field trials of vector mosquitoes engineered to contain a gene drive. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :127ā166.
-
21
Macer DRJ, 2006. Ethics and community engagement for GM insect vector release. BoeĢte C, ed. Genetically Modified Mosquitoes for Malaria Control. Austin, TXs: Landes Bioscience, 148ā161.
-
22
Enhancing Regulatory Communication. Microbial biopesticides and transgenic insects. University of California, Riverside. Available at: http://biopesticide.ucr.edu/daegu/assets/DRAFT_Daegu_Protocol_12-11-06.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2008.
-
23
Call for Applications. Programme grant to develop regional centres in Asia and Latin America for training in biosafety assessment for human health and the environment of the use of genetically modified disease vectors. UNICEF-UNDP-World Bank-WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/grants/grants/bl5_asia_latinamerica.htm. Accessed July 9, 2008.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 58 | 58 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 650 | 176 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 417 | 36 | 0 |