Antigenic Relationships between Sylvatic and Endemic Dengue Viruses

Nikos Vasilakis Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Anna P. Durbin Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Amelia P. A. Travassos da Rosa Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Jorge L. Munoz-Jordan Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Robert B. Tesh Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Scott C. Weaver Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Sylvatic dengue viruses (DENVs) are transmitted between non-human primates and arboreal Aedes spp. mosquitoes in Southeast Asia and west Africa. Recent evidence suggests that the risk for re-emergence of sylvatic DENV into the urban endemic/epidemic cycle may be high, which could limit the potential for eradicating the human transmission cycle with vaccines now under development. We assessed the likelihood of sylvatic DENV re-emergence in the face of immunity to current endemic strains or vaccines by evaluating the neutralization capacity of sera from DENV vaccinees and convalescent patients after primary infection with DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes. Our data indicate robust homotypic cross-immunity between human sera and sylvatic DENV strains, but limited heterotypic neutralization. Should a licensed vaccine lead to the eradication of the urban transmission cycle in the future, re-emergence of sylvatic strains into the urban cycle would be limited by homotypic immunity mediated by virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Author Notes

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