Pneumonia, The Forgotten Killer of Children, 2006. New York: The United Nations Children’s Fund/World Health Organization.

• PubMed
Pneumonia, The Forgotten Killer of Children, 2006. New York: The United Nations Children’s Fund/World Health Organization.)| false
• Export Citation

Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE, 2005. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 365 :1114–1116.

• PubMed
Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE, 2005. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 365: 1114–1116.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Technical Basis for the WHO Recommendations on the Management of Pneumonia in Children at First-Level Health Facilities. 1991. Available at: http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/New_Publications/CHILD_HEALTH/WHO.ARI.91.20.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2007.

• PubMed
Technical Basis for the WHO Recommendations on the Management of Pneumonia in Children at First-Level Health Facilities. 1991. Available at: http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/New_Publications/CHILD_HEALTH/WHO.ARI.91.20.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2007.)| false
• Export Citation

Rothstein E, Edwards K, 2005. Health burden of pertussis in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24 :S39–S43.

• PubMed
Rothstein E, Edwards K, 2005. Health burden of pertussis in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24: S39–S43.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bamba M, Jozaki K, Sugaya N, Tamai S, Ishihara J, Kori T, Shiro H, Takeuchi Y, Cho H, Nakao A, Okano Y, Kimura K, Komiyama O, Nonoyama M, Kobayashi I, Kato T, Sunakawa K, 2006. Prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in Japan. J Infect Chemother 12 :36–41.

• PubMed
Bamba M, Jozaki K, Sugaya N, Tamai S, Ishihara J, Kori T, Shiro H, Takeuchi Y, Cho H, Nakao A, Okano Y, Kimura K, Komiyama O, Nonoyama M, Kobayashi I, Kato T, Sunakawa K, 2006. Prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in Japan. J Infect Chemother 12: 36–41.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG, 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 44 :S27–S72.

• PubMed
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG, 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 44: S27–S72.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Weber MW, Gopalakrishna G, Awomoyi A, Cunningham A, Adegbola RA, Falade AG, Ogunlesi OO, Whittle HC, Mulholland EK, 2006. The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in acute respiratory tract infections in young children in The Gambia, west Africa. Ann Trop Paediatr 26 :87–94.

• PubMed
Weber MW, Gopalakrishna G, Awomoyi A, Cunningham A, Adegbola RA, Falade AG, Ogunlesi OO, Whittle HC, Mulholland EK, 2006. The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in acute respiratory tract infections in young children in The Gambia, west Africa. Ann Trop Paediatr 26: 87–94.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bii CC, Yamaguchi H, Kai M, Nagai K, Sugiura Y, Taguchi H, Chakaya JM, Mbugua GG, Kamiya H, 2002. Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with pneumonia at Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 79 :317–322.

• PubMed
Bii CC, Yamaguchi H, Kai M, Nagai K, Sugiura Y, Taguchi H, Chakaya JM, Mbugua GG, Kamiya H, 2002. Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with pneumonia at Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 79: 317–322.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Murdoch DR, 2003. Nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 36 :1162–1170.

• PubMed
Murdoch DR, 2003. Nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 36: 1162–1170.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ramirez JA, Ahkee S, Tolentino A, Miller RD, Summersgill JT, 1996. Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae lower repspiratory infection using the polymerase chain reaction on a single throat swab specimen. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 24 :7–14.

• PubMed
Ramirez JA, Ahkee S, Tolentino A, Miller RD, Summersgill JT, 1996. Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae lower repspiratory infection using the polymerase chain reaction on a single throat swab specimen. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 24: 7–14.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Sloan LM, Hopkins MK, Mitchell PS, Vetter JE, Rosenblatt JE, Harmsen WS, Cockerill FR, Patel R, 2002. Multiplex Light-Cycler PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 40 :96–100.

• PubMed
Sloan LM, Hopkins MK, Mitchell PS, Vetter JE, Rosenblatt JE, Harmsen WS, Cockerill FR, Patel R, 2002. Multiplex Light-Cycler PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 40: 96–100.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, van der Zee A, Diederen BM, Kruijssen AM, Goossens H, Kuijper E, Claas EC, 2003. Evaluation of real-time PCR for detection and discrimination between Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella holmesii for clinical diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 41 :4121–4126.

• PubMed
Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, van der Zee A, Diederen BM, Kruijssen AM, Goossens H, Kuijper E, Claas EC, 2003. Evaluation of real-time PCR for detection and discrimination between Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella holmesii for clinical diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4121–4126.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Welti M, Jaton K, Altwegg M, Sahli R, Wenger A, Bille J, 2003. Development of a multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract secretions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 45 :85–95.

• PubMed
Welti M, Jaton K, Altwegg M, Sahli R, Wenger A, Bille J, 2003. Development of a multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract secretions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 45: 85–95.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mygind T, Birkelund S, Birkebaek NH, Ostregaard L, Jensen JS, Christiansen G, 2002. Determination of PCR efficiency in Chelex-100 purified clinical samples and comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and conventional PCR for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2 :17.

• PubMed
Mygind T, Birkelund S, Birkebaek NH, Ostregaard L, Jensen JS, Christiansen G, 2002. Determination of PCR efficiency in Chelex-100 purified clinical samples and comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and conventional PCR for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2: 17.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kuoppa Y, Boman J, Scott L, Kumlin U, Eriksson I, Allard A, 2002. Quantitative detection of respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infection by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40: 2273–2274

• PubMed
Kuoppa Y, Boman J, Scott L, Kumlin U, Eriksson I, Allard A, 2002. Quantitative detection of respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infection by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40: 2273–2274)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, Graffelman AW, van Schie JM, Crielaard JW, Sillekens P, van den Broek PJ, Goossens H, Beersma MF, Claas EC, 2003. Comparison and evaluation of real-time PCR, real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, conventional PCR, and serology for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 41 :4366–4371.

• PubMed
Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, Graffelman AW, van Schie JM, Crielaard JW, Sillekens P, van den Broek PJ, Goossens H, Beersma MF, Claas EC, 2003. Comparison and evaluation of real-time PCR, real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, conventional PCR, and serology for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4366–4371.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Apfalter P, Loidl M, Nadrchal R, Makristathis A, Rotter M, Bergmann M, Polterauer P, Hirschl AM, 2000. Isolation and continuous growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae from arterectomy specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19 :305–308.

• PubMed
Apfalter P, Loidl M, Nadrchal R, Makristathis A, Rotter M, Bergmann M, Polterauer P, Hirschl AM, 2000. Isolation and continuous growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae from arterectomy specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19: 305–308.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Apfalter P, Barousch W, Nehr M, Makristathis A, Willinger B, Rotter M, Hirschl AM, 2003. Comparison of a new quantitiative ompA-based real-time PCR TaqMan assay for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in respiratory specimens with four conventional PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 41 :592–600.

• PubMed
Apfalter P, Barousch W, Nehr M, Makristathis A, Willinger B, Rotter M, Hirschl AM, 2003. Comparison of a new quantitiative ompA-based real-time PCR TaqMan assay for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in respiratory specimens with four conventional PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 41: 592–600.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hardegger D, Nadal D, Bossart W, Altwegg M, Dutly F, 2000. Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples by real-time PCR. J Microbiol Meth 41 :45–51.

• PubMed
Hardegger D, Nadal D, Bossart W, Altwegg M, Dutly F, 2000. Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples by real-time PCR. J Microbiol Meth 41: 45–51.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Corless CE, Guiver M, Borrow R, Edwards-Jones V, Fox AJ, Kaczmarski EB, 2001. Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 39 :1553–1558.

• PubMed
Corless CE, Guiver M, Borrow R, Edwards-Jones V, Fox AJ, Kaczmarski EB, 2001. Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1553–1558.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Kösters K, Riffelmann M, Wirsing von Konig CH, 2001. Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis in clinical samples. J Med Microbiol 50 :436–440.

• PubMed
Kösters K, Riffelmann M, Wirsing von Konig CH, 2001. Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis in clinical samples. J Med Microbiol 50: 436–440.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Michelow, K. Olsen, Lozano J, Rollins NK, Duffy LB, Ziegler T, Kauppila J, Leinonen M, McCracken GH Jr, 2004. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics 113 :701–707.

• PubMed
Michelow, K. Olsen, Lozano J, Rollins NK, Duffy LB, Ziegler T, Kauppila J, Leinonen M, McCracken GH Jr, 2004. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics 113: 701–707.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Feikin DR, Davis M, Nwanyanwu OC, Kazembe PN, Barat LM, Wasas A, Bloland PB, Ziba C, Capper T, Huebner RE, Schwartz B, Klugman KP, Dowell SF, 2003. Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing rural Malawian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 :564–567.

• PubMed
Feikin DR, Davis M, Nwanyanwu OC, Kazembe PN, Barat LM, Wasas A, Bloland PB, Ziba C, Capper T, Huebner RE, Schwartz B, Klugman KP, Dowell SF, 2003. Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing rural Malawian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22: 564–567.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Reischl U, Lehn N, Simnacher U, Marre R, Essig A, 2003. Rapid and standardized detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae using lightCycler real-time fluorescence PCR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22 :54–57.

• PubMed
Reischl U, Lehn N, Simnacher U, Marre R, Essig A, 2003. Rapid and standardized detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae using lightCycler real-time fluorescence PCR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22: 54–57.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Herrmann B, Salih MA, Yousif BE, Abdelwahab O, Mardh PA, 1994. Chlamydial etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in the Sudan. Acta Paediatr 83 :169–172.

• PubMed
Herrmann B, Salih MA, Yousif BE, Abdelwahab O, Mardh PA, 1994. Chlamydial etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in the Sudan. Acta Paediatr 83: 169–172.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jantos CA, Wienpahl B, Schiefer HG, Wagner F, Hegemann JH, 1995. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 :117–122.

• PubMed
Jantos CA, Wienpahl B, Schiefer HG, Wagner F, Hegemann JH, 1995. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14: 117–122.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wubbel L, Muniz L, Ahmed A, Trujillo M, Carubelli C, McCoig C, Abramo T, Leinonen M, McCracken GH Jr, 1999. Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18 :98–104.

• PubMed
Wubbel L, Muniz L, Ahmed A, Trujillo M, Carubelli C, McCoig C, Abramo T, Leinonen M, McCracken GH Jr, 1999. Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18: 98–104.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Block S, Hedrick J, Hammerschlag MR, Cassell GH, Craft JC, 1995. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 :471–477.

• PubMed
Block S, Hedrick J, Hammerschlag MR, Cassell GH, Craft JC, 1995. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14: 471–477.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ngeow YF, Suwanjutha S, Chantarojanasriri T, Wang F, Saniel M, Alejandria M, Hsueh PR, Ping-Ing L, Park SC, Sohn JW, Aziah AM, Liu Y, Seto WH, Ngan CC, Hadiarto M, Hood A, Cheong YM, 2005. An Asian study on the prevalence of atypical respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 9 :144–153.

• PubMed
Ngeow YF, Suwanjutha S, Chantarojanasriri T, Wang F, Saniel M, Alejandria M, Hsueh PR, Ping-Ing L, Park SC, Sohn JW, Aziah AM, Liu Y, Seto WH, Ngan CC, Hadiarto M, Hood A, Cheong YM, 2005. An Asian study on the prevalence of atypical respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 9: 144–153.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hammerschlag MR, 2001. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 14 :181–186.

• PubMed
Hammerschlag MR, 2001. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 14: 181–186.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Dragsted DM, Dohn B, Madsen J, Jensen JS, 2004. Comparison of culture and PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis under routine laboratory conditions. J Med Microbiol 53 :749–754.

• PubMed
Dragsted DM, Dohn B, Madsen J, Jensen JS, 2004. Comparison of culture and PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis under routine laboratory conditions. J Med Microbiol 53: 749–754.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Apetrei C, Tevi-Benissan C, Bedjabaga I, Simon F, 2000. HIV prevalence and strain diversity in Gabon: the end of a paradox. AIDS 14 :1275–1276.

• PubMed
Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Apetrei C, Tevi-Benissan C, Bedjabaga I, Simon F, 2000. HIV prevalence and strain diversity in Gabon: the end of a paradox. AIDS 14: 1275–1276.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. HIV and AIDS Estimates and Data, 2005 and 2003. Available at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_ANN2_en.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2007.

• PubMed
UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006. HIV and AIDS Estimates and Data, 2005 and 2003. Available at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_ANN2_en.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2007.)| false
• Export Citation