Goddard LB, Roth AE, Reisen WK, Scott TW, 2002. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1385ā1391.
Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, Sardelis MR, OāGuinn ML, Andreadis TG, Blow JA, 2005. An update on the potential of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 42 :57ā62.
Turell MJ, Sardelis MR, OāGuinn ML, Dohm DJ, 2002. Potential vectors of West Nile virus in North America. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :241ā252.
Bolling BG, Moore CG, Anderson SL, Blair CD, Beaty BJ, 2007. Entomological studies along the Colorado Front Range during a period of intense West Nile virus activity. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 23 :37ā46.
Smith GC, Moore CG, Davis T, Savage HM, Thapa AB, Shrestha SL, Karabatsos N, 1993. Arbovirus surveillance in northern Colorado, 1987 and 1991. J Med Entomol 30 :257ā261.
Gujral IB, Zielinski-Gutierrez EC, LeBailly A, Nasci R, 2007. Behavioral risks for West Nile virus disease, northern Colorado, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :419ā425.
Tempelis CH, Francy DB, Hayes RO, Lofy MF, 1967. Variations in feeding patterns of seven culicine mosquitoes on vertebrate hosts in Weld and Larimer counties, Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg 16 :111ā119.
Tsai TF, Smith GC, Happ CM, Kirk LJ, Jakob WL, Bolin RA, Francy DB, Lampert KJ, 1989. Surveillance of St. Louis encephalitis virus vectors in Grand Junction, Colorado, in 1987. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 5 :161ā165.
Tsai TF, Smith GC, Ndukwu M, Jakob WL, Happ CM, Kirk LJ, Francy DB, Lampert KJ, 1988. Entomologic studies after a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Grand Junction, Colorado. Am J Epidemiol 128 :285ā297.
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, 1995. Population ecology and dispersal of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Coachella Valley of California. J Med Entomol 32 :490ā502.
Wegbreit J, Reisen WK, 2000. Relationships among weather, mosquito abundance, and encephalitis virus activity in California: Kern County 1990ā98. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 16 :22ā27.
Hess AD, Hayes RO, 1970. Relative potentials of domestic animals for zooprophylaxis against mosquito vectors of encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :327ā334.
Lothrop HD, Reisen WK, 2001. Landscape affects the host-seeking patterns of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Coachella Valley of California. J Med Entomol 38 :325ā332.
Baker M, 1961. The altitudinal distribution of mosquito larvae in the Colorado Front Range. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 87 :231ā246.
Harmston FC, Lawson FA, 1967. Mosquitoes of Colorado. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service.
Carpenter SJ, 1969. Observations on the distribution and ecology of mountain Aedes mosquitoes in California. XII. Other species found in the mountains. Calif. Vector Views 16 :27ā34.
Darsie RF Jr, Ward RA, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Bailey SM, Eliason DA, Hoffman BL, 1965. Flight and dispersal of the mosquito Culex tarsalis Coquillett in the Sacramento Valley of California. Hilgardia 37 :73ā113.
Dow RP, Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, 1965. Dispersal of female Culex tarsalis into a larvicided area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 14 :656ā670.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, Pfuntner AR, Spoehel J, Hazelrigg JE, Webb JP Jr, 1991. Markāreleaseārecapture studies with Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern California. J Med Entomol 28 :357ā371.
Sall J, Creighton L, Lehman A, 2005. JMP Start Statistics. Third edition. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Leung LR, Qian Y, Bian X, Washington WM, Han J, Roads JO, 2004. Mid-century ensemble regional climate change scenarios for the western United States. Clim Change 62 :75ā113.
Diuk-Wasser MA, Brown HE, Andreadis TG, Fish D, 2006. Modeling the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors for West Nile virus in Connecticut, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :283ā295.
Zou L, Miller SN, Schmidtmann ET, 2006. Mosquito larval habitat mapping using Remote Sensing and GIS: implications of coalbed methane development and West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 43 :1034ā1041.
Shone SM, Ferrao PN, Lesser CR, Norris DE, Glass GE, 2001. Analysis of mosquito vector species abundances in Maryland using geographic information systems. Ann NY Acad Sci 951 :364ā368.
Shaman J, Stieglitz M, Stark C, Le Blancq S, Cane M, 2002. Using a dynamic hydrology model to predict mosquito abundances in flood and swamp water. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :6ā13.
Rios J, Hacker CS, Hailey CA, Parsons RE, 2006. Demographic and spatial analysis of West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis in Houston, Texas. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 22 :254ā263.
Kronenwetter-Koepel TA, Meece JK, Miller CA, Reed KD, 2005. Surveillance of above- and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural Midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3 :3ā12.
Gibbs SEJ, Wimberly MC, Madden M, Masour J, Yabsley MJ, Stallknecht DE, 2006. Factors affecting the geographic distribution of West Nile virus in Georgia, USA: 2002ā2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :73ā82.
Theophilides CN, Ahearn SC, Grady S, Merlino M, 2003. Identifying West Nile virus risk areas: the dynamic continuous-area spaceātime system. Am J Epidemiol 157 :843ā854.
Ward MP, 2006. Spread of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis during the 2002 Texas epidemic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :1090ā1095.
Ward MP, Ramsay BH, Gallo K, 2005. Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5 :181ā188.
Brownstein JS, Rosen H, Purdy D, Miller JR, Merlino M, Mostashari F, Fish D, 2002. Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2 :157ā164.
Corrigan RLA, Waldner C, Epp T, Wright J, Whitehead SM, Bangura H, Young E, Townsend HGG, 2006. Prediction of human cases of West Nile virus by equine cases, Saskatchewan, Canada, 2003. Prev Vet Med 76 :263ā272.
Yiannakoulias NW, Schopflocher DP, Svenson LW, 2006. Modelling geographic variations in West Nile virus. Can J Publ Health 97 :374ā378.
Ruiz MO, Tedesco C, McTighe T, Austin C, Kitron U, 2004. Environmental and social determinants of human risk during a West Nile virus outbreak in the greater Chicago area, 2002. Int J Health Geogr 3 :8ā19.
Ruiz MO, Walker ED, Foster ES, Haramis LD, Kitron U, 2007. Association of West Nile virus illness and urban landscapes in Chicago and Detroit. Int J Health Geogr 6 :10ā20.
Ward MR, Stallknecht DE, Willis J, Conroy MJ, Davidson WR, 2006. Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence. J Wildl Dis 42 :92ā106.
Patnaik JL, Juliusson L, Vogt RL, 2007. Environmental predictors of human West Nile virus infections, Colorado. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1788ā1790.
Eisen L, Eisen RJ, 2007. Need for improved methods to collect and present spatial epidemiologic data for vectorborne diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1816ā1820.
Eisen RJ, Eisen L, 2008. Spatial modeling of human risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens based on epidemiological versus arthropod vector data. J Med Entomol 45 :181ā192.
Lothrop HD, Reisen WK, 1999. A geographical information system to manage mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and control data in the Coachella Valley of California. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 15 :299ā307.
Takeda T, Whitehouse CA, Brewer M, Gettman AD, Mather TN, 2003. Arbovirus surveillance in Rhode Island: assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 19 :179ā189.
Brownstein JS, Holford TR, Fish D, 2004. Enhancing West Nile virus surveillance, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1129ā1133.
Cooke W III, Grala K, Wallis R, 2006. Avian GIS models signal human risk for West Nile virus in Mississippi. Int J Health Geogr 5 :36ā56.
Kutz FW, Wade TG, Pagac BB, 2003. A geospatial study of the potential of two exotic species of mosquitoes to impact the epidemiology of West Nile virus in Maryland. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 19 :190ā198.
Lukacik G, Anand M, Shusas EJ, Howard JJ, Oliver J, Chen H, Backenson PB, Kauffman EB, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, White DJ, 2006. West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in New York State, 2000ā2004. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 22 :264ā271.
Mongoh MN, Kaitsa ML, Dyer NW, 2006. Environmental and ecological determinants of West Nile virus occurrence in horses in North Dakota, 2002. Epidemiol Infect 135 :57ā66.
Orme-Zavaleta J, Jorgensen J, DāAmbrosio B, Altendorf E, Rossignol PA, 2006. Discovering spatio-temporal models of the spread of West Nile virus. Risk Anal 26 :413ā422.
Eisen RJ, Lane RS, Fritz CL, Eisen L, 2006. Spatial patterns of Lyme disease risk in California based on disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :669ā676.
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Assessments of spatial risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens that combine vector and human disease data are needed for areas encompassing large tracts of public land with low population bases. We addressed this need for West Nile virus (WNV) disease in the northern Colorado Front Range by developing not only a spatial model for entomological risk of exposure to Culex tarsalis WNV vectors and an epidemiological risk map for WNV disease but also a novel risk-classification index combining data for these independently derived measures of entomological and epidemiological risk. Risk of vector exposure was high in the densely populated eastern plains portion of the Front Range but low in cooler montane areas to the west that are sparsely populated but used heavily for recreation in the summer. The entomological risk model performed well when applied to the western, mountainous part of Colorado and validated against epidemiologic data.
Goddard LB, Roth AE, Reisen WK, Scott TW, 2002. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1385ā1391.
Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, Sardelis MR, OāGuinn ML, Andreadis TG, Blow JA, 2005. An update on the potential of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 42 :57ā62.
Turell MJ, Sardelis MR, OāGuinn ML, Dohm DJ, 2002. Potential vectors of West Nile virus in North America. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :241ā252.
Bolling BG, Moore CG, Anderson SL, Blair CD, Beaty BJ, 2007. Entomological studies along the Colorado Front Range during a period of intense West Nile virus activity. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 23 :37ā46.
Smith GC, Moore CG, Davis T, Savage HM, Thapa AB, Shrestha SL, Karabatsos N, 1993. Arbovirus surveillance in northern Colorado, 1987 and 1991. J Med Entomol 30 :257ā261.
Gujral IB, Zielinski-Gutierrez EC, LeBailly A, Nasci R, 2007. Behavioral risks for West Nile virus disease, northern Colorado, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :419ā425.
Tempelis CH, Francy DB, Hayes RO, Lofy MF, 1967. Variations in feeding patterns of seven culicine mosquitoes on vertebrate hosts in Weld and Larimer counties, Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg 16 :111ā119.
Tsai TF, Smith GC, Happ CM, Kirk LJ, Jakob WL, Bolin RA, Francy DB, Lampert KJ, 1989. Surveillance of St. Louis encephalitis virus vectors in Grand Junction, Colorado, in 1987. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 5 :161ā165.
Tsai TF, Smith GC, Ndukwu M, Jakob WL, Happ CM, Kirk LJ, Francy DB, Lampert KJ, 1988. Entomologic studies after a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Grand Junction, Colorado. Am J Epidemiol 128 :285ā297.
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, 1995. Population ecology and dispersal of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Coachella Valley of California. J Med Entomol 32 :490ā502.
Wegbreit J, Reisen WK, 2000. Relationships among weather, mosquito abundance, and encephalitis virus activity in California: Kern County 1990ā98. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 16 :22ā27.
Hess AD, Hayes RO, 1970. Relative potentials of domestic animals for zooprophylaxis against mosquito vectors of encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :327ā334.
Lothrop HD, Reisen WK, 2001. Landscape affects the host-seeking patterns of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Coachella Valley of California. J Med Entomol 38 :325ā332.
Baker M, 1961. The altitudinal distribution of mosquito larvae in the Colorado Front Range. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 87 :231ā246.
Harmston FC, Lawson FA, 1967. Mosquitoes of Colorado. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service.
Carpenter SJ, 1969. Observations on the distribution and ecology of mountain Aedes mosquitoes in California. XII. Other species found in the mountains. Calif. Vector Views 16 :27ā34.
Darsie RF Jr, Ward RA, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Bailey SM, Eliason DA, Hoffman BL, 1965. Flight and dispersal of the mosquito Culex tarsalis Coquillett in the Sacramento Valley of California. Hilgardia 37 :73ā113.
Dow RP, Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, 1965. Dispersal of female Culex tarsalis into a larvicided area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 14 :656ā670.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, Pfuntner AR, Spoehel J, Hazelrigg JE, Webb JP Jr, 1991. Markāreleaseārecapture studies with Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern California. J Med Entomol 28 :357ā371.
Sall J, Creighton L, Lehman A, 2005. JMP Start Statistics. Third edition. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Leung LR, Qian Y, Bian X, Washington WM, Han J, Roads JO, 2004. Mid-century ensemble regional climate change scenarios for the western United States. Clim Change 62 :75ā113.
Diuk-Wasser MA, Brown HE, Andreadis TG, Fish D, 2006. Modeling the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors for West Nile virus in Connecticut, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :283ā295.
Zou L, Miller SN, Schmidtmann ET, 2006. Mosquito larval habitat mapping using Remote Sensing and GIS: implications of coalbed methane development and West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 43 :1034ā1041.
Shone SM, Ferrao PN, Lesser CR, Norris DE, Glass GE, 2001. Analysis of mosquito vector species abundances in Maryland using geographic information systems. Ann NY Acad Sci 951 :364ā368.
Shaman J, Stieglitz M, Stark C, Le Blancq S, Cane M, 2002. Using a dynamic hydrology model to predict mosquito abundances in flood and swamp water. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :6ā13.
Rios J, Hacker CS, Hailey CA, Parsons RE, 2006. Demographic and spatial analysis of West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis in Houston, Texas. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 22 :254ā263.
Kronenwetter-Koepel TA, Meece JK, Miller CA, Reed KD, 2005. Surveillance of above- and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural Midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3 :3ā12.
Gibbs SEJ, Wimberly MC, Madden M, Masour J, Yabsley MJ, Stallknecht DE, 2006. Factors affecting the geographic distribution of West Nile virus in Georgia, USA: 2002ā2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :73ā82.
Theophilides CN, Ahearn SC, Grady S, Merlino M, 2003. Identifying West Nile virus risk areas: the dynamic continuous-area spaceātime system. Am J Epidemiol 157 :843ā854.
Ward MP, 2006. Spread of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis during the 2002 Texas epidemic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :1090ā1095.
Ward MP, Ramsay BH, Gallo K, 2005. Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5 :181ā188.
Brownstein JS, Rosen H, Purdy D, Miller JR, Merlino M, Mostashari F, Fish D, 2002. Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2 :157ā164.
Corrigan RLA, Waldner C, Epp T, Wright J, Whitehead SM, Bangura H, Young E, Townsend HGG, 2006. Prediction of human cases of West Nile virus by equine cases, Saskatchewan, Canada, 2003. Prev Vet Med 76 :263ā272.
Yiannakoulias NW, Schopflocher DP, Svenson LW, 2006. Modelling geographic variations in West Nile virus. Can J Publ Health 97 :374ā378.
Ruiz MO, Tedesco C, McTighe T, Austin C, Kitron U, 2004. Environmental and social determinants of human risk during a West Nile virus outbreak in the greater Chicago area, 2002. Int J Health Geogr 3 :8ā19.
Ruiz MO, Walker ED, Foster ES, Haramis LD, Kitron U, 2007. Association of West Nile virus illness and urban landscapes in Chicago and Detroit. Int J Health Geogr 6 :10ā20.
Ward MR, Stallknecht DE, Willis J, Conroy MJ, Davidson WR, 2006. Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence. J Wildl Dis 42 :92ā106.
Patnaik JL, Juliusson L, Vogt RL, 2007. Environmental predictors of human West Nile virus infections, Colorado. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1788ā1790.
Eisen L, Eisen RJ, 2007. Need for improved methods to collect and present spatial epidemiologic data for vectorborne diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1816ā1820.
Eisen RJ, Eisen L, 2008. Spatial modeling of human risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens based on epidemiological versus arthropod vector data. J Med Entomol 45 :181ā192.
Lothrop HD, Reisen WK, 1999. A geographical information system to manage mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and control data in the Coachella Valley of California. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 15 :299ā307.
Takeda T, Whitehouse CA, Brewer M, Gettman AD, Mather TN, 2003. Arbovirus surveillance in Rhode Island: assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 19 :179ā189.
Brownstein JS, Holford TR, Fish D, 2004. Enhancing West Nile virus surveillance, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1129ā1133.
Cooke W III, Grala K, Wallis R, 2006. Avian GIS models signal human risk for West Nile virus in Mississippi. Int J Health Geogr 5 :36ā56.
Kutz FW, Wade TG, Pagac BB, 2003. A geospatial study of the potential of two exotic species of mosquitoes to impact the epidemiology of West Nile virus in Maryland. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 19 :190ā198.
Lukacik G, Anand M, Shusas EJ, Howard JJ, Oliver J, Chen H, Backenson PB, Kauffman EB, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, White DJ, 2006. West Nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in New York State, 2000ā2004. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc 22 :264ā271.
Mongoh MN, Kaitsa ML, Dyer NW, 2006. Environmental and ecological determinants of West Nile virus occurrence in horses in North Dakota, 2002. Epidemiol Infect 135 :57ā66.
Orme-Zavaleta J, Jorgensen J, DāAmbrosio B, Altendorf E, Rossignol PA, 2006. Discovering spatio-temporal models of the spread of West Nile virus. Risk Anal 26 :413ā422.
Eisen RJ, Lane RS, Fritz CL, Eisen L, 2006. Spatial patterns of Lyme disease risk in California based on disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :669ā676.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 52 | 52 | 5 |
Full Text Views | 246 | 74 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 71 | 20 | 0 |