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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Levett PN, 2004. Leptospirosis. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2789– 795.
-
2
Dikken H, Kmety E, 1978. Serological typing methods of leptospires. Bergan T, Norris JR, eds. Methods in Microbiology. London: Academic Press, 259–307.
-
3
Johnson RC, Faine S, 1984. Leptospira. Krieg NR, Holt JG, eds. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 62–67.
-
4
Yasuda PH, Steigerwalt AG, Sulzer KR, Kaufmann AF, Rogers F, Brenner DJ, 1987. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with proposals for seven new Leptospira species. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37 :407–415.
-
5
Ramadass P, Jarvis BDW, Corner RJ, Penny D, Marshall RB, 1992. Genetic characterization of pathogenic Leptospira species by DNA hybridization. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42 :215–219.
-
6
Brenner DJ, Kaufmann AF, Sulzer KR, Steigerwalt AG, Rogers FC, Weyant RS, 1999. Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 :839–858.
-
7
Pérolat P, Chappel RJ, Adler B, Baranton G, Bulach DM, Billinghurst ML, Letocart M, Merien F, Serrano MS, 1998. Lep-tospira fainei sp. nov., isolated from pigs in Australia. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 :851–858.
-
8
Levett PN, Morey RE, Galloway R, Steigerwalt AG, Ellis WA, 2005. Reclassification of Leptospira parva Hovind-Hougen et al., 1982 as Turneriella parva gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 :1497–1499.
-
9
Levett PN, Morey RE, Galloway RL, Steigerwalt AG, 2006. Lep-tospira broomii sp. nov., isolated from humans with leptospirosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56 :671–673.
-
10
de la Peña-Moctezuma A, Bulach DM, Kalambaheti T, Adler B, 1999. Comparative analysis of the LPS biosynthetic loci of the genetic subtypes of serovar Hardjo: Leptospira interrogans subtype Hardjoprajitno and Leptospira borgpetersenii subtype Hardjobovis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 177 :319–326.
-
11
Trevejo RT, Rigau-Perez JG, Ashford DA, McClure EM, Jarquin-Gonzalez C, Amador JJ, de los Reyes JO, Gonzalez A, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, McLean RG, Nasci RS, Weyant RS, Bolin CA, Bragg SL, Perkins BA, Spiegel RA, 1998. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage-Nicaragua, 1995. J Infect Dis 178 :1457–1463.
-
12
Sejvar J, Bancroft E, Winthrop K, Bettinger J, Bajani M, Bragg S, Shutt K, Kaiser R, Marano N, Popovic T, Tappero J, Ashford D, Mascola L, Vugia D, Perkins B, Rosenstein N, 2003. Leptospirosis in “Eco-Challenge” athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :702–707.
-
13
Haake DA, Dundoo M, Cader R, Kubak BM, Hartskeerl RA, Sejvar JJ, Ashford DA, 2002. Leptospirosis, water sports, and chemoprophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 34 :e40–e43.
-
14
Terpstra WJ, Korver H, Van Leeuwen J, Klatser PR, Kolk AHJ, 1985. The classification of Sejroe group serovars of Leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hygiene I Abt Orig A 259 :498–506.
-
15
Majed Z, Bellenger E, Postic D, Pourcel C, Baranton G, Picardeau M, 2005. Identification of variable-number tandem-repeat loci in Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. J Clin Mi-crobiol 43 :539–545.
-
16
Vijayachari P, Ahmed N, Sugunan AP, Ghousunnissa S, Rao KR, Hasnain SE, Sehgal SC, 2004. Use of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism for molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis in India. J Clin Microbiol 42 :3575–3580.
-
17
Salaun L, Merien F, Gurianova S, Baranton G, Picardeau M, 2006. Application of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular typing of the agent of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 44 :3954–3962.
-
18
Slack AT, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Smythe LD, 2005. Development of a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Leptospira interrogans and its application to Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis isolates from far north Queensland, Australia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimi-crob 4 :10.
-
19
Pavan ME, Cairo F, Brihuega B, Samartino L, 2008. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona from Argentina reveals four new genotypes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 31 :37–45.
-
20
Ahmed N, Devi SM, Valverde Mde L, Vijayachari P, Machangu RS, Ellis WA, Hartskeerl RA, 2006. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 5 :28.
-
21
Thaipadungpanit J, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Smythe LD, Petkanchanapong W, Limpaiboon R, Apiwatanaporn A, Slack AT, Suputtamongkol Y, White NJ, Feil EJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2007. A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1 :e56.
-
22
Levett PN, 2007. Sequence-based typing of Leptospira: epidemiology in the genomic era. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1 :e120.
-
23
Herrmann JL, Bellenger E, Perolat P, Baranton G, Saint Girons I, 1992. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification. J Clin Microbiol 30 :1696–1702.
-
24
Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ, 2006. Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Foodborne Pathogens Dis 3 :59–67.
-
25
Hunter SB, Vauterin P, Lambert-Fair MA, Van Duyne MS, Kubota K, Graves L, Wrigley D, Barrett T, Ribot E, 2005. Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard. J Clin Microbiol 43 :1045–1050.
-
26
Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B, 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Mi-crobiol 33 :2233–2239.
-
27
Kmety E, Dikken H, 1993. Classification of the Species Leptospira interrogans and History of its Serovars. Groningen, the Netherlands: University Press Groningen.
-
28
Petersen AM, Boye K, Blom J, Schlichting P, Krogfelt KA, 2001. First isolation of Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge from two human patients with Weil’s syndrome. J Med Microbiol 50 :96–100.
-
29
Arzouni JP, Parola P, La Scola B, Postic D, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2002. Human infection caused by Leptospira fainei. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :865–868.
-
30
Ciceroni L, Ciarrocchi S, Ciervo A, Petrucca A, Pinto A, Calderaro A, Viani I, Galati L, Dettori G, Chezzi C, 2002. Differentiation of leptospires of the serogroup Pomona by monoclonal antibodies, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Res Microbiol 153 :37–44.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 606 | 536 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 363 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 121 | 13 | 0 |
Evaluation of a Modified Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Approach for the Identification of Leptospira Serovars
Renee L. Galloway
Renee L. Galloway
Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Paul N. Levett
Paul N. Levett
Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Paul N. Levett in
Current site
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PubMed
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Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The genus Leptospira is composed of spirochetes that are morphologically indistinguishable and cannot be differentiated by phenotypic methods. Determining the identity of an infecting serovar is valuable from both epidemiologic and public health standpoints. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Leptospira has had limited use in few laboratories. In this study, we modified the existing PFGE protocol to reduce time to completion and developed a PFGE database using the restriction endonuclease Not I to generate PFGE profiles for the identification and evaluation of Leptospira. Reference strains (n = 206) from a collection maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were studied. Eighty-nine percent of the serovars produced distinct patterns, and different strains of the same serovar showed profiles that were highly similar. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Leptospira is a useful tool for molecular characterization of reference serovars, the investigation of potentially new species or serovars, and ultimately for the routine identification of clinical isolates.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Levett PN, 2004. Leptospirosis. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2789– 795.
-
2
Dikken H, Kmety E, 1978. Serological typing methods of leptospires. Bergan T, Norris JR, eds. Methods in Microbiology. London: Academic Press, 259–307.
-
3
Johnson RC, Faine S, 1984. Leptospira. Krieg NR, Holt JG, eds. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 62–67.
-
4
Yasuda PH, Steigerwalt AG, Sulzer KR, Kaufmann AF, Rogers F, Brenner DJ, 1987. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with proposals for seven new Leptospira species. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37 :407–415.
-
5
Ramadass P, Jarvis BDW, Corner RJ, Penny D, Marshall RB, 1992. Genetic characterization of pathogenic Leptospira species by DNA hybridization. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42 :215–219.
-
6
Brenner DJ, Kaufmann AF, Sulzer KR, Steigerwalt AG, Rogers FC, Weyant RS, 1999. Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 :839–858.
-
7
Pérolat P, Chappel RJ, Adler B, Baranton G, Bulach DM, Billinghurst ML, Letocart M, Merien F, Serrano MS, 1998. Lep-tospira fainei sp. nov., isolated from pigs in Australia. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 :851–858.
-
8
Levett PN, Morey RE, Galloway R, Steigerwalt AG, Ellis WA, 2005. Reclassification of Leptospira parva Hovind-Hougen et al., 1982 as Turneriella parva gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 :1497–1499.
-
9
Levett PN, Morey RE, Galloway RL, Steigerwalt AG, 2006. Lep-tospira broomii sp. nov., isolated from humans with leptospirosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56 :671–673.
-
10
de la Peña-Moctezuma A, Bulach DM, Kalambaheti T, Adler B, 1999. Comparative analysis of the LPS biosynthetic loci of the genetic subtypes of serovar Hardjo: Leptospira interrogans subtype Hardjoprajitno and Leptospira borgpetersenii subtype Hardjobovis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 177 :319–326.
-
11
Trevejo RT, Rigau-Perez JG, Ashford DA, McClure EM, Jarquin-Gonzalez C, Amador JJ, de los Reyes JO, Gonzalez A, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, McLean RG, Nasci RS, Weyant RS, Bolin CA, Bragg SL, Perkins BA, Spiegel RA, 1998. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage-Nicaragua, 1995. J Infect Dis 178 :1457–1463.
-
12
Sejvar J, Bancroft E, Winthrop K, Bettinger J, Bajani M, Bragg S, Shutt K, Kaiser R, Marano N, Popovic T, Tappero J, Ashford D, Mascola L, Vugia D, Perkins B, Rosenstein N, 2003. Leptospirosis in “Eco-Challenge” athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :702–707.
-
13
Haake DA, Dundoo M, Cader R, Kubak BM, Hartskeerl RA, Sejvar JJ, Ashford DA, 2002. Leptospirosis, water sports, and chemoprophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 34 :e40–e43.
-
14
Terpstra WJ, Korver H, Van Leeuwen J, Klatser PR, Kolk AHJ, 1985. The classification of Sejroe group serovars of Leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hygiene I Abt Orig A 259 :498–506.
-
15
Majed Z, Bellenger E, Postic D, Pourcel C, Baranton G, Picardeau M, 2005. Identification of variable-number tandem-repeat loci in Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. J Clin Mi-crobiol 43 :539–545.
-
16
Vijayachari P, Ahmed N, Sugunan AP, Ghousunnissa S, Rao KR, Hasnain SE, Sehgal SC, 2004. Use of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism for molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis in India. J Clin Microbiol 42 :3575–3580.
-
17
Salaun L, Merien F, Gurianova S, Baranton G, Picardeau M, 2006. Application of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular typing of the agent of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 44 :3954–3962.
-
18
Slack AT, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Smythe LD, 2005. Development of a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for Leptospira interrogans and its application to Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis isolates from far north Queensland, Australia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimi-crob 4 :10.
-
19
Pavan ME, Cairo F, Brihuega B, Samartino L, 2008. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona from Argentina reveals four new genotypes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 31 :37–45.
-
20
Ahmed N, Devi SM, Valverde Mde L, Vijayachari P, Machangu RS, Ellis WA, Hartskeerl RA, 2006. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 5 :28.
-
21
Thaipadungpanit J, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Smythe LD, Petkanchanapong W, Limpaiboon R, Apiwatanaporn A, Slack AT, Suputtamongkol Y, White NJ, Feil EJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2007. A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1 :e56.
-
22
Levett PN, 2007. Sequence-based typing of Leptospira: epidemiology in the genomic era. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1 :e120.
-
23
Herrmann JL, Bellenger E, Perolat P, Baranton G, Saint Girons I, 1992. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification. J Clin Microbiol 30 :1696–1702.
-
24
Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ, 2006. Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Foodborne Pathogens Dis 3 :59–67.
-
25
Hunter SB, Vauterin P, Lambert-Fair MA, Van Duyne MS, Kubota K, Graves L, Wrigley D, Barrett T, Ribot E, 2005. Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard. J Clin Microbiol 43 :1045–1050.
-
26
Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B, 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Mi-crobiol 33 :2233–2239.
-
27
Kmety E, Dikken H, 1993. Classification of the Species Leptospira interrogans and History of its Serovars. Groningen, the Netherlands: University Press Groningen.
-
28
Petersen AM, Boye K, Blom J, Schlichting P, Krogfelt KA, 2001. First isolation of Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge from two human patients with Weil’s syndrome. J Med Microbiol 50 :96–100.
-
29
Arzouni JP, Parola P, La Scola B, Postic D, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2002. Human infection caused by Leptospira fainei. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :865–868.
-
30
Ciceroni L, Ciarrocchi S, Ciervo A, Petrucca A, Pinto A, Calderaro A, Viani I, Galati L, Dettori G, Chezzi C, 2002. Differentiation of leptospires of the serogroup Pomona by monoclonal antibodies, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Res Microbiol 153 :37–44.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 606 | 536 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 363 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 121 | 13 | 0 |