ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Guillen A, Navarro AM, Acosta M, Arrelucé M, 1989. Brucellosis epidemiology. Annals of the National Seminary of Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases. Lima: Ministry of Health, 48–65.
-
2
Godfroid J, Cloeckaert A, Liautard JP, Kohler S, Fretin D, Walravens K, Garin-Bastuji B, Letesson JJ, 2005. From the discovery of the Malta fever’s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis. Vet Res 36 :313–326.
-
3
Young EJ, 1995. An overview of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis 21 :283–289.
-
4
Corbel MJ, 1997. Brucellosis: an overview. Emerg Infect Dis 3 :213–221.
-
5
Young EJ, 1989. Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
-
6
Young EJ, 2003. Brucella species (Brucellosis). Yu VL, Weber R, Raoult D, eds. Antimicrobial, Therapy and Vaccines. Volume I: Microbes. New York: Apple Tree Productions, 121–140.
-
7
Al Dahouk S, Tomaso H, Nockler K, Neubauer H, Frangoulidis D, 2003. Laboratory-based diagnosis of brucellosis—a review of the literature. Part I: techniques for direct detection and identification of Brucella spp. Clin Lab 49 :487–505.
-
8
Bikas C, Jelastopulu E, Leotsinidis M, Kondakis X, 2003. Epidemiology of human brucellosis in a rural area of north-western Peloponnese in Greece. Eur J Epidemiol 18 :267–274.
-
9
Al-Shamahy HA, Whitty CJ, Wright SG, 2000. Risk factors for human brucellosis in Yemen: a case control study. Epidemiol Infect 125 :309–313.
-
10
Hasanjani Roushan MR, Mohrez M, Smailnejad Gangi SM, Soleimani Amiri MJ, Hajiahmadi M, 2004. Epidemiological features and clinical manifestations in 469 adult patients with brucellosis in Babol, Northern Iran. Epidemiol Infect 132 :1109–1114.
-
11
Jennings GJ, Hajjeh RA, Girgis FY, Fadeel MA, Maksoud MA, Wasfy MO, El-Sayed N, Srikantiah P, Luby SP, Earhart K, Mahoney FJ, 2007. Brucellosis as a cause of acute febrile illness in Egypt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :707–713.
-
12
Omer MK, Assefaw T, Skjerve E, Tekleghiorghis T, Woldehiwet Z, 2003. Prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp. and risk factors related to high-risk occupational groups in Eritrea. Epidemiol Infect 129 :85–91.
-
13
Spink WW, 1954. Family studies on brucellosis. Am J Med Sci 222 :240–243.
-
14
Abramson O, Rosenvasser Z, Block C, Dagan R, 1991. Detection and treatment of brucellosis by screening a population at risk. Ped Infect Dis J 10 :434–438.
-
15
Almuneef MA, Memish ZA, Balkhy HH, Qahtani M, Alotaibi B, Hajeer A, Qasim L, Al Knawy B, 2004. Importance of screening household members of acute brucellosis cases in endemic areas. Epidemiol Infect 132 :533–540.
-
16
Alsubaie S, Almuneef M, Alshaalan M, Balkhy H, Albanyan E, Alola S, Alotaibi B, Memish ZA, 2005. Acute brucellosis in Saudi families: relationship between Brucella serology and clinical symptoms. Intern J Infect Dis. 9 :218–224.
-
17
Gotuzzo E, Seas C, Guerra JG, Carrillo C, Bocanegra TS, Calvo A, Castañeda O, Alarcón GS, 1987. Brucellar arthritis: a study of 39 Peruvian families. Ann Rheum Dis 46 :506–509.
-
18
Smits HL, Abdoel TH, Solera J, Clavijo E, Diaz R, 2003. Immunochromatographic Brucella-specific immunoglobulin M and G lateral flow assays for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :1141–1146.
-
19
Irmak H, Buzgan T, Evirgen O, Akdeniz H, Demiroz AP, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2004. Use of the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays in the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis in an area endemic for brucellosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :688–694.
-
20
Kose S, Smits HL, Abdoel TH, Ozbel Y, 2006. Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in rural and suburban communities in three provinces of Turkey: need for improved diagnosis and prevention. J Infect 53 :308–314.
-
21
Hasanjani Roushan MR, Soleimani Amin MJ, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2005. Application of a rapid and simple Brucella-specific IgM and IgG antibody test for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis in a hospital in Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :744–750.
-
22
Zeytinog lu A, Turhan A, Altug lu I, Bilgiç A, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2006. Comparison of Brucella immunoglobulin M and G flow assays with serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 44 :180–184.
-
23
Al Dahouk S, Tomaso H, Nockler K, Neubauer H, Frangoulidis D, 2003. Laboratory-based diagnosis of brucellosis—a review of the literature. Part II: serological tests for brucellosis. Clin Lab 49 :577–589.
-
24
Alton GG, Jones LM, Pietz DF, 1975. WHO Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
25
Martin-Moreno S, Guinea-Esquerdo L, Carrero-Gonzalez P, Visedo-Orden R, García-Arbajosa S, Calvo del Olmo T, Reverte-Cejudo D, 1992. Diagnosis of brucellosis in an endemic area. Evaluation of routine diagnostic tests. Med Clin (Barc) 98 :481–485.
-
26
Mantur BG, Mangalgi SS, 2004. Evaluation of conventional Castaneda and lysis centrifugation blood culture techniques for diagnosis of human brucellosis. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4327–4328.
-
27
Rasouli M, Kiany S, 2007. Association of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to brucellosis in Iranian patients. Cytokine 38 :49–53.
-
28
Budak F, Göral G, Heper Y, Yilmaz E, Aymak F, Baştürk B, Töre O, Ener B, Oral HB, 2007. IL-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms as potential host susceptibility factors in brucellosis. Cytokine 38 :32–36.
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29
Bravo MJ, Colmenero JD, Martín J, Alonso A, Caballero A, 2007. Polymorphism of the transmembrane region of the MICA gene and human brucellosis. Tissue Antigens 69 :358–360.
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30
Bravo MJ, de Dios Colmenero J, Alonso A, Caballero A, 2003. Polymorphisms of the interferon gamma and interleukin 10 genes in human brucellosis. Eur J Immunogenet 30 :433–435.
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31
Rezazadeh M, Hajilooi M, Rafiei A, Haidari M, Nikoopour E, Kerammat F, Mamani M, Ranjbar M, Hashemi H, 2006. TLR4 polymorphism in Iranian patients with brucellosis. J Infect 53 :206–210.
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32
Spink WW, Anderson D, 1950. Transmission of Brucella. J Lab Clin Med 35 :440–443.
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33
Celebi G, Külah C, Kiliç S, Ustündag G, 2007. Asymptomatic Brucella bacteraemia and isolation of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from human breast milk. Scand J Infect Dis 39 :205–208.
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Brucellosis in Household Members of Brucella Patients Residing in a Large Urban Setting in Peru
Marjorie Mendoza-Núñez
Marjorie Mendoza-Núñez
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Maximilian Mulder
Maximilian Mulder
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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María Pía Franco
María Pía Franco
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Kathlène S. J. S. M. Maas
Kathlène S. J. S. M. Maas
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Maria L. Castañeda
Maria L. Castañeda
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Nilo Bonifacio
Nilo Bonifacio
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Jesús Chacaltana
Jesús Chacaltana
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Elena Yagui
Elena Yagui
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Robert H. Gilman
Robert H. Gilman
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Benjamin Espinosa
Benjamin Espinosa
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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David Blazes
David Blazes
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Eric Hall
Eric Hall
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Theresia H. Abdoel
Theresia H. Abdoel
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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Henk L. Smits
Henk L. Smits
Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru; Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (A.B. PRISMA), Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Microbiology and Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru
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During home visits and using a point-of-care test for brucellosis, we screened the household members of adult patients found to have brucellosis by investigation at the Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión in Callao, Peru. A total of 206 household members of 43 patients were screened, and 15 (7.3%) household members in 10 (23.3%) households tested seropositive. Brucellosis was diagnosed in 14 of them, all but 4 presenting with acute or subacute uncomplicated disease. Regardless of attempts to control brucellosis in Peru, the disease continues to be reasonably common among household members of brucellosis patients. Household members presumably remain the single most important identifiable risk group in an urban setting, and screening them provides an effective means for their early diagnosis. Although contact with livestock was rare, the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products was reported by almost all patients with brucellosis, their household members, and hospitalized non-brucellosis patients.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Guillen A, Navarro AM, Acosta M, Arrelucé M, 1989. Brucellosis epidemiology. Annals of the National Seminary of Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases. Lima: Ministry of Health, 48–65.
-
2
Godfroid J, Cloeckaert A, Liautard JP, Kohler S, Fretin D, Walravens K, Garin-Bastuji B, Letesson JJ, 2005. From the discovery of the Malta fever’s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis. Vet Res 36 :313–326.
-
3
Young EJ, 1995. An overview of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis 21 :283–289.
-
4
Corbel MJ, 1997. Brucellosis: an overview. Emerg Infect Dis 3 :213–221.
-
5
Young EJ, 1989. Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
-
6
Young EJ, 2003. Brucella species (Brucellosis). Yu VL, Weber R, Raoult D, eds. Antimicrobial, Therapy and Vaccines. Volume I: Microbes. New York: Apple Tree Productions, 121–140.
-
7
Al Dahouk S, Tomaso H, Nockler K, Neubauer H, Frangoulidis D, 2003. Laboratory-based diagnosis of brucellosis—a review of the literature. Part I: techniques for direct detection and identification of Brucella spp. Clin Lab 49 :487–505.
-
8
Bikas C, Jelastopulu E, Leotsinidis M, Kondakis X, 2003. Epidemiology of human brucellosis in a rural area of north-western Peloponnese in Greece. Eur J Epidemiol 18 :267–274.
-
9
Al-Shamahy HA, Whitty CJ, Wright SG, 2000. Risk factors for human brucellosis in Yemen: a case control study. Epidemiol Infect 125 :309–313.
-
10
Hasanjani Roushan MR, Mohrez M, Smailnejad Gangi SM, Soleimani Amiri MJ, Hajiahmadi M, 2004. Epidemiological features and clinical manifestations in 469 adult patients with brucellosis in Babol, Northern Iran. Epidemiol Infect 132 :1109–1114.
-
11
Jennings GJ, Hajjeh RA, Girgis FY, Fadeel MA, Maksoud MA, Wasfy MO, El-Sayed N, Srikantiah P, Luby SP, Earhart K, Mahoney FJ, 2007. Brucellosis as a cause of acute febrile illness in Egypt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :707–713.
-
12
Omer MK, Assefaw T, Skjerve E, Tekleghiorghis T, Woldehiwet Z, 2003. Prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp. and risk factors related to high-risk occupational groups in Eritrea. Epidemiol Infect 129 :85–91.
-
13
Spink WW, 1954. Family studies on brucellosis. Am J Med Sci 222 :240–243.
-
14
Abramson O, Rosenvasser Z, Block C, Dagan R, 1991. Detection and treatment of brucellosis by screening a population at risk. Ped Infect Dis J 10 :434–438.
-
15
Almuneef MA, Memish ZA, Balkhy HH, Qahtani M, Alotaibi B, Hajeer A, Qasim L, Al Knawy B, 2004. Importance of screening household members of acute brucellosis cases in endemic areas. Epidemiol Infect 132 :533–540.
-
16
Alsubaie S, Almuneef M, Alshaalan M, Balkhy H, Albanyan E, Alola S, Alotaibi B, Memish ZA, 2005. Acute brucellosis in Saudi families: relationship between Brucella serology and clinical symptoms. Intern J Infect Dis. 9 :218–224.
-
17
Gotuzzo E, Seas C, Guerra JG, Carrillo C, Bocanegra TS, Calvo A, Castañeda O, Alarcón GS, 1987. Brucellar arthritis: a study of 39 Peruvian families. Ann Rheum Dis 46 :506–509.
-
18
Smits HL, Abdoel TH, Solera J, Clavijo E, Diaz R, 2003. Immunochromatographic Brucella-specific immunoglobulin M and G lateral flow assays for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :1141–1146.
-
19
Irmak H, Buzgan T, Evirgen O, Akdeniz H, Demiroz AP, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2004. Use of the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays in the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis in an area endemic for brucellosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :688–694.
-
20
Kose S, Smits HL, Abdoel TH, Ozbel Y, 2006. Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in rural and suburban communities in three provinces of Turkey: need for improved diagnosis and prevention. J Infect 53 :308–314.
-
21
Hasanjani Roushan MR, Soleimani Amin MJ, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2005. Application of a rapid and simple Brucella-specific IgM and IgG antibody test for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis in a hospital in Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :744–750.
-
22
Zeytinog lu A, Turhan A, Altug lu I, Bilgiç A, Abdoel TH, Smits HL, 2006. Comparison of Brucella immunoglobulin M and G flow assays with serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 44 :180–184.
-
23
Al Dahouk S, Tomaso H, Nockler K, Neubauer H, Frangoulidis D, 2003. Laboratory-based diagnosis of brucellosis—a review of the literature. Part II: serological tests for brucellosis. Clin Lab 49 :577–589.
-
24
Alton GG, Jones LM, Pietz DF, 1975. WHO Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
25
Martin-Moreno S, Guinea-Esquerdo L, Carrero-Gonzalez P, Visedo-Orden R, García-Arbajosa S, Calvo del Olmo T, Reverte-Cejudo D, 1992. Diagnosis of brucellosis in an endemic area. Evaluation of routine diagnostic tests. Med Clin (Barc) 98 :481–485.
-
26
Mantur BG, Mangalgi SS, 2004. Evaluation of conventional Castaneda and lysis centrifugation blood culture techniques for diagnosis of human brucellosis. J Clin Microbiol 42 :4327–4328.
-
27
Rasouli M, Kiany S, 2007. Association of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to brucellosis in Iranian patients. Cytokine 38 :49–53.
-
28
Budak F, Göral G, Heper Y, Yilmaz E, Aymak F, Baştürk B, Töre O, Ener B, Oral HB, 2007. IL-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms as potential host susceptibility factors in brucellosis. Cytokine 38 :32–36.
-
29
Bravo MJ, Colmenero JD, Martín J, Alonso A, Caballero A, 2007. Polymorphism of the transmembrane region of the MICA gene and human brucellosis. Tissue Antigens 69 :358–360.
-
30
Bravo MJ, de Dios Colmenero J, Alonso A, Caballero A, 2003. Polymorphisms of the interferon gamma and interleukin 10 genes in human brucellosis. Eur J Immunogenet 30 :433–435.
-
31
Rezazadeh M, Hajilooi M, Rafiei A, Haidari M, Nikoopour E, Kerammat F, Mamani M, Ranjbar M, Hashemi H, 2006. TLR4 polymorphism in Iranian patients with brucellosis. J Infect 53 :206–210.
-
32
Spink WW, Anderson D, 1950. Transmission of Brucella. J Lab Clin Med 35 :440–443.
-
33
Celebi G, Külah C, Kiliç S, Ustündag G, 2007. Asymptomatic Brucella bacteraemia and isolation of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from human breast milk. Scand J Infect Dis 39 :205–208.
-
34
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