ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Pastorino B, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bessaud M, Tock F, Tolou H, Durand JP, 2004. Epidemic resurgence of Chikungunya virus in Democratic Republic of the Congo: identification of a new central African strain. J Med Virol 74 :277–282.
-
2
Lumsden WHR, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53, II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49 :33.
-
3
Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2000. Re-emergence of Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. J Gen Virol 81 :471–479.
-
4
Tesh RB, 1982. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu Rev Med 33 :31–40.
-
5
Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53, I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49 :28.
-
6
Jupp P, McIntosh B, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath T, ed. The Arboviruses, Epidemiology and Ecology. First edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–157.
-
7
Jeandel P, Josse R, Bagambisa G, Durand JP, 2004. [Exotic viral arthritis: role of alphaviruses]. Med Trop (Mars) 64 :81–88.
-
8
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1990. Aedes furcifer and other mosquitoes as vectors of Chikungunya virus at Mica, Northeastern Transvaal, South Africa. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6 :415–420.
-
9
Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, 2005. Differential infectivities of O’nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :616–621.
-
10
McCrae AW, Henderson BE, Kirya BG, Sempala SD, 1971. Chikungunya virus in the Entebbe area of Uganda: isolations and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 65 :152–168.
-
11
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :281–286.
-
12
Jupp PG, Kemp A, 1996. What is the potential for future outbreaks of chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever in southern Africa? S Afr Med J 86 :35–37.
-
13
Mourya DT, Thakare JR, Gokhale MD, Powers AM, Hundekar SL, Jayakumar PC, Bondre VP, Shouche YS, Padbidri VS, 2001. Isolation of chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the town of Yawat, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India. Acta Virol 45 :305–309.
-
14
Myers RM, Carey DE, Reuben R, Jesudass ES, De Ranitz C, Jadhav M, 1965. The 1964 epidemic of dengue-like fever in South India: isolation of chikungunya virus from human sera and from mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 53 :694–701.
-
15
Sarkar JK, 1966. Virological studies of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta. Bull WHO 35 :59.
-
16
Lam SK, Chua KB, Hooi PS, Rahimah MA, Kumari S, Tharmaratnam M, 2001. Chikungunya infection–an emerging disease in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32 :447–451.
-
17
Laras K, Sukri NC, Larasati RP, Bangs MJ, Kosim R, Wandra T, Master J, Kosasih H, Hartati S, Beckett C, Sedyaningsih ER, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2005. Tracking the re-emergence of epidemic Chikungunya virus in Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :128–141.
-
18
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D, 1999. Chikungunya virus outbreak in Senegal in 1996 and 1997. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 92 :79–82.
-
19
Josseran L, Paquet C, Zehqnoun A, Caillere N, Le Tertre A, Solet JL, Ledrans M, 2006. Chikungunya disease outbreak, Reunion Island. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :1994–1995.
-
20
Higgs S, 2006. The 2005-2006 Chikungunya epidemic in the Indian Ocean. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :115–116.
-
21
Kalantri SP, Joshi R, Riley LW, 2006. Chikungunya epidemic: an Indian perspective. Natl Med J India 19 :315–322.
-
22
Thein S, La Linn M, Aaskov J, Aung MM, Aye M, Zaw A, Myint A, 1992. Development of a simple indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in serum from patients following an outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Yangon, Myanmar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :438–442.
-
23
Sanders EJ, Rwaguma EB, Kawamata J, Kiwanuka N, Lutwama JJ, Ssengooba FP, Lamunu M, Najjemba R, Were WA, Bagambisa G, Campbell GL, 1999. Nov. O’nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 199-1997: description of the epidemic and results of a household-based seroprevalence survey. J Infect Dis 180 :1436–1443.
-
24
Johnson BK, 1988. O’nyong’nyong virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 217–223.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1354 | 1149 | 345 |
| Full Text Views | 504 | 16 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 276 | 15 | 0 |
Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004
Kibet Sergon
Kibet Sergon
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Kibet Sergon in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kibet Sergon in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Charles Njuguna
Charles Njuguna
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Charles Njuguna in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Charles Njuguna in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Rosalia Kalani
Rosalia Kalani
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Rosalia Kalani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rosalia Kalani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Victor Ofula
Victor Ofula
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Victor Ofula in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Victor Ofula in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Clayton Onyango
Clayton Onyango
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Clayton Onyango in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Clayton Onyango in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Limbaso S. Konongoi
Limbaso S. Konongoi
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Limbaso S. Konongoi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Limbaso S. Konongoi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Sheryl Bedno
Sheryl Bedno
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Sheryl Bedno in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sheryl Bedno in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Heather Burke
Heather Burke
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Heather Burke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Heather Burke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Athman M. Dumilla
Athman M. Dumilla
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Athman M. Dumilla in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Athman M. Dumilla in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Joseph Konde
Joseph Konde
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Joseph Konde in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joseph Konde in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
M. Kariuki Njenga
M. Kariuki Njenga
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by M. Kariuki Njenga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Kariuki Njenga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Rosemary Sang
Rosemary Sang
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Rosemary Sang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rosemary Sang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Robert F. Breiman
Robert F. Breiman
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Outbreak Management Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Lamu, Kenya; Central Bureau of Statistics, Mombasa, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Search for other papers by Robert F. Breiman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert F. Breiman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
An outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease associated with high fever and severe protracted arthralgias was detected in Lamu, Kenya, peaking in July 2004. At least 1,300 cases were documented. We conducted a seroprevalence study to define the magnitude of transmission on Lamu Island. We conducted a systematic cross-sectional survey. We administered questionnaires and tested 288 sera from Lamu residents for IgM and IgG antibodies to CHIKV. Chikungunya virus infection (seropositivity) was defined as a person with IgG and/or IgM antibodies to CHIKV. IgM antibodies to CHIKV were detected in 18% (53/288) and IgG antibodies in 72% (206/288); IgM and/or IgG antibodies were present in 75% (215/288). The seroprevalence findings suggested that the outbreak was widespread, affecting 75% of the Lamu population; extrapolating the findings to the entire population, 13,500 (95% CI, 12,458–14328) were affected. Vector control strategies are needed to control the spread of this mosquito-borne infection.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Pastorino B, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bessaud M, Tock F, Tolou H, Durand JP, 2004. Epidemic resurgence of Chikungunya virus in Democratic Republic of the Congo: identification of a new central African strain. J Med Virol 74 :277–282.
-
2
Lumsden WHR, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53, II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49 :33.
-
3
Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2000. Re-emergence of Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. J Gen Virol 81 :471–479.
-
4
Tesh RB, 1982. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu Rev Med 33 :31–40.
-
5
Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53, I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49 :28.
-
6
Jupp P, McIntosh B, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath T, ed. The Arboviruses, Epidemiology and Ecology. First edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–157.
-
7
Jeandel P, Josse R, Bagambisa G, Durand JP, 2004. [Exotic viral arthritis: role of alphaviruses]. Med Trop (Mars) 64 :81–88.
-
8
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1990. Aedes furcifer and other mosquitoes as vectors of Chikungunya virus at Mica, Northeastern Transvaal, South Africa. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6 :415–420.
-
9
Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, 2005. Differential infectivities of O’nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :616–621.
-
10
McCrae AW, Henderson BE, Kirya BG, Sempala SD, 1971. Chikungunya virus in the Entebbe area of Uganda: isolations and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 65 :152–168.
-
11
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :281–286.
-
12
Jupp PG, Kemp A, 1996. What is the potential for future outbreaks of chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever in southern Africa? S Afr Med J 86 :35–37.
-
13
Mourya DT, Thakare JR, Gokhale MD, Powers AM, Hundekar SL, Jayakumar PC, Bondre VP, Shouche YS, Padbidri VS, 2001. Isolation of chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the town of Yawat, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India. Acta Virol 45 :305–309.
-
14
Myers RM, Carey DE, Reuben R, Jesudass ES, De Ranitz C, Jadhav M, 1965. The 1964 epidemic of dengue-like fever in South India: isolation of chikungunya virus from human sera and from mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 53 :694–701.
-
15
Sarkar JK, 1966. Virological studies of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta. Bull WHO 35 :59.
-
16
Lam SK, Chua KB, Hooi PS, Rahimah MA, Kumari S, Tharmaratnam M, 2001. Chikungunya infection–an emerging disease in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32 :447–451.
-
17
Laras K, Sukri NC, Larasati RP, Bangs MJ, Kosim R, Wandra T, Master J, Kosasih H, Hartati S, Beckett C, Sedyaningsih ER, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2005. Tracking the re-emergence of epidemic Chikungunya virus in Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 :128–141.
-
18
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D, 1999. Chikungunya virus outbreak in Senegal in 1996 and 1997. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 92 :79–82.
-
19
Josseran L, Paquet C, Zehqnoun A, Caillere N, Le Tertre A, Solet JL, Ledrans M, 2006. Chikungunya disease outbreak, Reunion Island. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :1994–1995.
-
20
Higgs S, 2006. The 2005-2006 Chikungunya epidemic in the Indian Ocean. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6 :115–116.
-
21
Kalantri SP, Joshi R, Riley LW, 2006. Chikungunya epidemic: an Indian perspective. Natl Med J India 19 :315–322.
-
22
Thein S, La Linn M, Aaskov J, Aung MM, Aye M, Zaw A, Myint A, 1992. Development of a simple indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in serum from patients following an outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Yangon, Myanmar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :438–442.
-
23
Sanders EJ, Rwaguma EB, Kawamata J, Kiwanuka N, Lutwama JJ, Ssengooba FP, Lamunu M, Najjemba R, Were WA, Bagambisa G, Campbell GL, 1999. Nov. O’nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 199-1997: description of the epidemic and results of a household-based seroprevalence survey. J Infect Dis 180 :1436–1443.
-
24
Johnson BK, 1988. O’nyong’nyong virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 217–223.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1354 | 1149 | 345 |
| Full Text Views | 504 | 16 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 276 | 15 | 0 |