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-
1
Weaver SC, 2001. Eastern equine encephalitis. Service MW, ed. The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 151–159.
-
2
Tsai TF, Weaver SC, Monath TP, 2002. Alphaviruses. Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, eds. Clinical Virology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 1177–1210.
-
3
Aguilar PV, Robich RM, Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Klein TA, Huaman A, Guevara C, Rios Z, Tesh RB, Watts DM, Olson J, Weaver SC, 2007. Endemic eastern equine encephalitis in the Amazon region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :293–298.
-
4
Morris CD, 1988. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume III. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1–36.
-
5
Maire LF III, McKinney RW, Cole FE Jr, 1970. An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture. I. Production and testing. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :119–122.
-
6
Franklin RP, Kinde H, Jay MT, Kramer LD, Green EG, Chiles RE, Ostlund E, Husted S, Smith J, Parker MD, 2002. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :283–288.
-
7
Wang E, Petrakova O, Adams AP, Aguilar PV, Kang W, Paessler S, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2007. Chimeric Sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice. Vaccine 25: 7573–7581.
-
8
Andreadis TG, Anderson JF, Tirrell-Peck SJ, 1998. Multiple isolations of eastern equine encephalitis and highlands J viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) during a 1996 epizootic in southeastern Connecticut. J Med Entomol 35 :296–302.
-
9
Ortiz DI, Wozniak A, Tolson MW, Turner PE, Vaughan DR, 2003. Isolation of EEE virus from Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and Culiseta melanura in coastal South Carolina. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19 :33–38.
-
10
Crans WJ, McNelly J, Schulze TL, Main A, 1986. Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2 :68–72.
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11
Turell MJ, Beaman JR, Neely GW, 1994. Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by strains of Aedes albopictus and A. taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 31 :287–290.
-
12
Turell MJ, 1998. Effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on susceptibility of Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to eastern equine and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 35 :670–673.
-
13
Scott TW, Burrage TG, 1984. Rapid infection of salivary glands in Culiseta melanura with eastern equine encephalitis virus: an electron microscopic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 :961–964.
-
14
Scott TW, Lorenz LH, Weaver SC, 1990. Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus to infection with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6 :274–278.
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15
Bhatt TR, Crabtree MB, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, Miller BR, 2000. Growth characteristics of the chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax-JE (YF/JE SA14–14–2), in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :480–484.
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16
Reid M, Mackenzie D, Baron A, Lehmann N, Lowry K, Aaskov J, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, 2006. Experimental infection of Culex annulirostris, Culex gelidus, and Aedes vigilax with a yellow fever/Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine chimera (ChimeriVax-JE). Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :659–663.
-
17
Higgs S, Vanlandingham DL, Klingler KA, McElroy KL, McGee CE, Harrington L, Lang J, Monath TP, Guirakhoo F, 2006. Growth characteristics of ChimeriVax-Den vaccine viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :986–993.
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18
Whitman L, 1938. Multiplication of the virus of yellow fever in Aedes aegypti. J Exp Med 66 :133–143.
-
19
Whitman L, 1939. Failure of Aedes aegypti to transmit yellow fever cultured virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :19–26.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 238 | 195 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 223 | 3 | 0 |
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Experimental Infection of Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus with Two Chimeric Sindbis/Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Candidates
Nicole C. Arrigo
Nicole C. Arrigo
Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Douglas M. Watts
Douglas M. Watts
Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ilya Frolov
Ilya Frolov
Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Two chimeric vaccine candidates for Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) were developed by inserting the structural protein genes of either a North American (NA) or South American (SA) EEEV into a Sindbis virus (SINV) backbone. To assess the effect of chimerization on mosquito infectivity, experimental infections of two potential North American bridge vectors of EEEV, Aedes sollicitans and Ae. taeniorhynchus, were attempted. Both species were susceptible to oral infection with all viruses after ingestion of high titer blood meals of ca. 7.0 log10 plaque-forming units/mL. Dissemination rates for SIN/NAEEEV (0 of 56) and SIN/SAEEEV (1 of 54) were low in Ae. taeniorhynchus and no evidence of transmission potential was observed. In contrast, the chimeras disseminated more efficiently in Ae. sollicitans (19 of 68 and 13 of 57, respectively) and were occasionally detected in the saliva of this species. These results indicate that chimerization of the vaccine candidates reduces infectivity. However, its impact on dissemination and potential transmission is mosquito species-specific.
Author Notes
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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Weaver SC, 2001. Eastern equine encephalitis. Service MW, ed. The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 151–159.
-
2
Tsai TF, Weaver SC, Monath TP, 2002. Alphaviruses. Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, eds. Clinical Virology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 1177–1210.
-
3
Aguilar PV, Robich RM, Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Klein TA, Huaman A, Guevara C, Rios Z, Tesh RB, Watts DM, Olson J, Weaver SC, 2007. Endemic eastern equine encephalitis in the Amazon region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :293–298.
-
4
Morris CD, 1988. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume III. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1–36.
-
5
Maire LF III, McKinney RW, Cole FE Jr, 1970. An inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick-embryo cell culture. I. Production and testing. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :119–122.
-
6
Franklin RP, Kinde H, Jay MT, Kramer LD, Green EG, Chiles RE, Ostlund E, Husted S, Smith J, Parker MD, 2002. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :283–288.
-
7
Wang E, Petrakova O, Adams AP, Aguilar PV, Kang W, Paessler S, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2007. Chimeric Sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice. Vaccine 25: 7573–7581.
-
8
Andreadis TG, Anderson JF, Tirrell-Peck SJ, 1998. Multiple isolations of eastern equine encephalitis and highlands J viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) during a 1996 epizootic in southeastern Connecticut. J Med Entomol 35 :296–302.
-
9
Ortiz DI, Wozniak A, Tolson MW, Turner PE, Vaughan DR, 2003. Isolation of EEE virus from Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and Culiseta melanura in coastal South Carolina. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19 :33–38.
-
10
Crans WJ, McNelly J, Schulze TL, Main A, 1986. Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2 :68–72.
-
11
Turell MJ, Beaman JR, Neely GW, 1994. Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by strains of Aedes albopictus and A. taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 31 :287–290.
-
12
Turell MJ, 1998. Effect of salt concentration in larval rearing water on susceptibility of Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to eastern equine and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 35 :670–673.
-
13
Scott TW, Burrage TG, 1984. Rapid infection of salivary glands in Culiseta melanura with eastern equine encephalitis virus: an electron microscopic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 :961–964.
-
14
Scott TW, Lorenz LH, Weaver SC, 1990. Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus to infection with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6 :274–278.
-
15
Bhatt TR, Crabtree MB, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, Miller BR, 2000. Growth characteristics of the chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax-JE (YF/JE SA14–14–2), in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :480–484.
-
16
Reid M, Mackenzie D, Baron A, Lehmann N, Lowry K, Aaskov J, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, 2006. Experimental infection of Culex annulirostris, Culex gelidus, and Aedes vigilax with a yellow fever/Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine chimera (ChimeriVax-JE). Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :659–663.
-
17
Higgs S, Vanlandingham DL, Klingler KA, McElroy KL, McGee CE, Harrington L, Lang J, Monath TP, Guirakhoo F, 2006. Growth characteristics of ChimeriVax-Den vaccine viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :986–993.
-
18
Whitman L, 1938. Multiplication of the virus of yellow fever in Aedes aegypti. J Exp Med 66 :133–143.
-
19
Whitman L, 1939. Failure of Aedes aegypti to transmit yellow fever cultured virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :19–26.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 238 | 195 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 223 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 3 | 0 |