Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2005. Roll Back Malaria Global Strategic Plan 2005–2015. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/forumV/docs/gsp_en.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2006.
Nabarro DN, Taylor EM, 1998. The “Roll Back Malaria” campaign. Science 280 :2067–2068.
Murray CJL, Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Stein C, 2001. The Global Burden of Disease 2000 Project: Aims, Methods and Data Sources (revised). Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, Discussion Paper no. 36. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization, 2005. World Health Report 2005—Make Every Mother and Child Count. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2005. World Malaria Report 2005. Report no. WHO/HTM/MAL/2005.1102. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://rbm.who.int/wmr2005/.
Mathers CD, Ma Fat D, Inoue M, Rao C, Lopez AD, 2005. Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global status of cause of death data. Bull World Health Organ 83 :171–177.
Murray CJL, Lopez AD, 1997. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349 :1269–1276.
de Savigny D, Binka F, 2004. Monitoring future impact on malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 2):224–231.
Molineaux L, 1997. Malaria and mortality: some epidemiological considerations. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91 :811–825.
Watt C, Dye C, 2000. Indicators to Measure the Impact of Malaria Control. Report no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2000.22. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_CDS_RBM_2000.22.pdf. Accessed September 17, 2005.
Roll Back Malaria, 2000. Framework for Monitoring Progress and Evaluating Outcomes and Impact. Report no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2000.25. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/012/168/m_e_en.pdf.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 2004. Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit: HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Geneva: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Available at: http://www.theglobalfund.org/pdf/guidelines/pp_me_toolkit_en.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2005.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, 2004. Roll Back Malaria Initiative in the WHO African Region: Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines. Brazzaville: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa.
Rowe AK, Steketee RW, Arnold F, Wardlaw T, Basu S, Bakyaita N, Lama M, Winston CA, Lynch M, Cibulskis RE, Shibuya K, Ratcliffe AA, Nahlen BL, for the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group, 2007. Evaluating the impact of malaria control efforts on mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 12 :1524–1539.
Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group, 2007. Guidance Note: Assessing the Impact of Malaria Control Activities on Mortality among African Children under 5 Years of Age. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/partnership/wg/wg_monitoring/docs/MERGGuidanceNote-_MalariaImpactAssessment.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2007.
Lengeler C, 2004. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2, Art. no. CD000363.
Kidane G, Morrow RH, 2000. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomized trial. Lancet 356 :550–555.
Alonso PL, Lindsay SW, Armstrong JRM, Conteh M, Hill AG, David PH, Fegan G, de Francisco A, Hall AJ, Shenton FC, Cham K, Greenwood BM, 1991. The effect of insecticide-treated bednets on mortality of Gambian children. Lancet 337 :1499–1502.
Child Mortality Coordination Group, 2006. Tracking progress towards the Millennium Development Goals: reaching consensus on child mortality levels and trends. Bull World Health Organ 84 :225–232.
Soleman N, Chandramohan D, Shibuya K, 2006. Verbal autopsy: current practices and challenges. Bull World Health Organ 84 :239–245.
Rowe AK, 2005. Should verbal autopsy results for malaria be adjusted to improve validity? Int J Epidemiol 34 :712–713.
Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS, and the Bellagio Child Survival Study Group, 2003. How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 362 :65–71.
Morel CM, Lauer JA, Evans DB, 2005. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies to combat malaria in developing countries. BMJ 331 :1299.
Rowe AK, Rowe SY, Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Stein C, Nahlen BL, Bryce J, Black RE, Steketee RW, 2006. The burden of malaria mortality among African children in the year 2000. Int J Epidemiol 35 :691–704.
Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa (MARA) Collaboration, 1998. Towards an Atlas of Malaria Risk in Africa. First Technical Report of the MARA/ARMA Collaboration. Durban, South Africa: Albany Print. Available at: http://www.mara.org.za/trview_e.htm. Accessed May 31, 2002.
Snow RW, Craig M, Deichmann U, le Sueur D, 1999. A preliminary continental risk map for malaria mortality among African children. Parasitol Today 15 :99–104.
Rice JA, 1988. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Publishers, 142–147.
Bradley DJ, 1991. Morbidity and mortality at Pare-Taveta, Kenya and Tanzania, 1954–66: the effects of a period of malaria control (Mkomazi Valley results, Figure 17–8, p. 258. Note that the source for the figure was Draper CC. Studies of malaria in man in Africa. M.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1962). Feachem RG, Jamison DT, eds. Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: Published for The World Bank, Oxford University Press.
Payne D, Grab B, Fontain RE, Hempel JHG, 1976. Impact of control measures on malaria transmission and general mortality. Bull World Health Organ 54 :369–377.
Molineaux L, Gramiccia G, 1980. The Garki Project: Research on the Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bed-net programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Gouws E, 2004. Pediatric mortality in Africa: Plasmodium falciparum malaria as a cause or risk? Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 2):16–24.
Ross A, Maire N, Molineaux L, Smith T, 2006. An epidemiologic model of severe morbidity and mortality caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2):63–73.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Morris SS, Black RE, Tomaskovic L, 2003. Predicting the distribution of under-five deaths by cause in countries without vital registration systems. Int J Epidemiol 32 :1041–1051.
World Health Organization, 2004. Global Burden of Disease for 2002 (revised). Available at: http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis,bod,burden,burden_estimates,burden_estimates_2002N,burden_estimates_2002N_2002Rev,burden_estimates_2002N_2002Rev_Subregion&language=english. Accessed March 13, 2006.
Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (MERG), 2005. Malaria Indicator Survey. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/merg.html. Accessed August 3, 2007.
Korenromp EL, Armstrong-Schellenberg JRM, Williams BG, Nahlen BL, Snow RW, 2004. Impact of malaria control on childhood anemia in Africa—a quantitative review. Trop Med Int Health 9 :1050–1065.
Korenromp EL, Arnold F, Williams BG, Nahlen BL, Snow RW, 2004. Monitoring trends in under-5 mortality rates through national birth history surveys. Int J Epidemiol 33 :1293–1301.
Guyatt HL, Snow RW, 2004. Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 :760–767.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):121–127.
Smith T, Killeen GF, Maire N, Ross A, Molineaux L, Tediosi F, Hutton G, Utzinger J, Dietz K, Tanner M, 2006. Mathematical modeling of the impact of malaria vaccines on the clinical epidemiology and natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: overview. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2):1–10.
Knippenberg R, Soucat A, Vanlerberghe W. Marginal budgeting for bottlenecks: a tool for performance based planning of health and nutrition services for achieving millennium development goals. Available at: http://mdgr.undp.sk/PAPERS/MBB%20concept%20Paper.doc. Accessed March 13, Mathematical modeling of the impact of malaria vaccines on the clinical epidemiology and natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: overview. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2)2006.
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Abstract Views | 927 | 879 | 675 |
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All-cause childhood mortality (ACCM) has been recommended as an indicator for evaluating the impact of malaria control efforts in parts of Africa where the malaria burden is high and vital registration systems are weak. As ACCM is not malaria-specific, we explored the relationship between ACCM and malaria mortality. First, we show that if malaria mortality is reduced by 50% in populations exposed to high-intensity malaria transmission, ACCM is predicted to decrease by ≈ 17% (plausible values range from 12% to 25%). Second, if malaria interventions are scaled-up from very low (2%) to reasonably high coverage levels (70%), epidemiologic models predict that ACCM would decrease by ≈ 17% or 18% (precision estimate: 15–19%). These results suggest that if malaria interventions are scaled-up to reach or exceed 70% coverage, it is plausible that a goal of reducing malaria mortality by 50% could be achieved. It is also likely that a pair of “typical”-size mortality surveys could detect this ACCM change as being statistically significant. Although existing models have important limitations, they could be improved by incorporating empirical results during scale-up of multiple interventions and by adding precision estimates and sensitivity analyses.
Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 2005. Roll Back Malaria Global Strategic Plan 2005–2015. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/forumV/docs/gsp_en.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2006.
Nabarro DN, Taylor EM, 1998. The “Roll Back Malaria” campaign. Science 280 :2067–2068.
Murray CJL, Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Stein C, 2001. The Global Burden of Disease 2000 Project: Aims, Methods and Data Sources (revised). Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, Discussion Paper no. 36. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization, 2005. World Health Report 2005—Make Every Mother and Child Count. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2005. World Malaria Report 2005. Report no. WHO/HTM/MAL/2005.1102. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://rbm.who.int/wmr2005/.
Mathers CD, Ma Fat D, Inoue M, Rao C, Lopez AD, 2005. Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global status of cause of death data. Bull World Health Organ 83 :171–177.
Murray CJL, Lopez AD, 1997. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349 :1269–1276.
de Savigny D, Binka F, 2004. Monitoring future impact on malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 2):224–231.
Molineaux L, 1997. Malaria and mortality: some epidemiological considerations. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91 :811–825.
Watt C, Dye C, 2000. Indicators to Measure the Impact of Malaria Control. Report no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2000.22. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_CDS_RBM_2000.22.pdf. Accessed September 17, 2005.
Roll Back Malaria, 2000. Framework for Monitoring Progress and Evaluating Outcomes and Impact. Report no. WHO/CDS/RBM/2000.25. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/012/168/m_e_en.pdf.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 2004. Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit: HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Geneva: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Available at: http://www.theglobalfund.org/pdf/guidelines/pp_me_toolkit_en.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2005.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, 2004. Roll Back Malaria Initiative in the WHO African Region: Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines. Brazzaville: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa.
Rowe AK, Steketee RW, Arnold F, Wardlaw T, Basu S, Bakyaita N, Lama M, Winston CA, Lynch M, Cibulskis RE, Shibuya K, Ratcliffe AA, Nahlen BL, for the Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group, 2007. Evaluating the impact of malaria control efforts on mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 12 :1524–1539.
Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group, 2007. Guidance Note: Assessing the Impact of Malaria Control Activities on Mortality among African Children under 5 Years of Age. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/partnership/wg/wg_monitoring/docs/MERGGuidanceNote-_MalariaImpactAssessment.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2007.
Lengeler C, 2004. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2, Art. no. CD000363.
Kidane G, Morrow RH, 2000. Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomized trial. Lancet 356 :550–555.
Alonso PL, Lindsay SW, Armstrong JRM, Conteh M, Hill AG, David PH, Fegan G, de Francisco A, Hall AJ, Shenton FC, Cham K, Greenwood BM, 1991. The effect of insecticide-treated bednets on mortality of Gambian children. Lancet 337 :1499–1502.
Child Mortality Coordination Group, 2006. Tracking progress towards the Millennium Development Goals: reaching consensus on child mortality levels and trends. Bull World Health Organ 84 :225–232.
Soleman N, Chandramohan D, Shibuya K, 2006. Verbal autopsy: current practices and challenges. Bull World Health Organ 84 :239–245.
Rowe AK, 2005. Should verbal autopsy results for malaria be adjusted to improve validity? Int J Epidemiol 34 :712–713.
Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS, and the Bellagio Child Survival Study Group, 2003. How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 362 :65–71.
Morel CM, Lauer JA, Evans DB, 2005. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies to combat malaria in developing countries. BMJ 331 :1299.
Rowe AK, Rowe SY, Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Stein C, Nahlen BL, Bryce J, Black RE, Steketee RW, 2006. The burden of malaria mortality among African children in the year 2000. Int J Epidemiol 35 :691–704.
Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa (MARA) Collaboration, 1998. Towards an Atlas of Malaria Risk in Africa. First Technical Report of the MARA/ARMA Collaboration. Durban, South Africa: Albany Print. Available at: http://www.mara.org.za/trview_e.htm. Accessed May 31, 2002.
Snow RW, Craig M, Deichmann U, le Sueur D, 1999. A preliminary continental risk map for malaria mortality among African children. Parasitol Today 15 :99–104.
Rice JA, 1988. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Publishers, 142–147.
Bradley DJ, 1991. Morbidity and mortality at Pare-Taveta, Kenya and Tanzania, 1954–66: the effects of a period of malaria control (Mkomazi Valley results, Figure 17–8, p. 258. Note that the source for the figure was Draper CC. Studies of malaria in man in Africa. M.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1962). Feachem RG, Jamison DT, eds. Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: Published for The World Bank, Oxford University Press.
Payne D, Grab B, Fontain RE, Hempel JHG, 1976. Impact of control measures on malaria transmission and general mortality. Bull World Health Organ 54 :369–377.
Molineaux L, Gramiccia G, 1980. The Garki Project: Research on the Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
D’Alessandro U, Olaleye BO, McGuire W, Langerock P, Bennett S, Aikins MK, Thomson MC, Cham MK, Cham BA, Greenwood BM, 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bed-net programme. Lancet 345 :479–483.
Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Gouws E, 2004. Pediatric mortality in Africa: Plasmodium falciparum malaria as a cause or risk? Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 2):16–24.
Ross A, Maire N, Molineaux L, Smith T, 2006. An epidemiologic model of severe morbidity and mortality caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2):63–73.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1 :147–154.
Morris SS, Black RE, Tomaskovic L, 2003. Predicting the distribution of under-five deaths by cause in countries without vital registration systems. Int J Epidemiol 32 :1041–1051.
World Health Organization, 2004. Global Burden of Disease for 2002 (revised). Available at: http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis,bod,burden,burden_estimates,burden_estimates_2002N,burden_estimates_2002N_2002Rev,burden_estimates_2002N_2002Rev_Subregion&language=english. Accessed March 13, 2006.
Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (MERG), 2005. Malaria Indicator Survey. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/merg.html. Accessed August 3, 2007.
Korenromp EL, Armstrong-Schellenberg JRM, Williams BG, Nahlen BL, Snow RW, 2004. Impact of malaria control on childhood anemia in Africa—a quantitative review. Trop Med Int Health 9 :1050–1065.
Korenromp EL, Arnold F, Williams BG, Nahlen BL, Snow RW, 2004. Monitoring trends in under-5 mortality rates through national birth history surveys. Int J Epidemiol 33 :1293–1301.
Guyatt HL, Snow RW, 2004. Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 :760–767.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl 4):121–127.
Smith T, Killeen GF, Maire N, Ross A, Molineaux L, Tediosi F, Hutton G, Utzinger J, Dietz K, Tanner M, 2006. Mathematical modeling of the impact of malaria vaccines on the clinical epidemiology and natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: overview. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2):1–10.
Knippenberg R, Soucat A, Vanlerberghe W. Marginal budgeting for bottlenecks: a tool for performance based planning of health and nutrition services for achieving millennium development goals. Available at: http://mdgr.undp.sk/PAPERS/MBB%20concept%20Paper.doc. Accessed March 13, Mathematical modeling of the impact of malaria vaccines on the clinical epidemiology and natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: overview. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 (Suppl 2)2006.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 927 | 879 | 675 |
Full Text Views | 133 | 11 | 8 |
PDF Downloads | 43 | 7 | 4 |