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1
Arias JR, Monteiro PS, Zicker F, 1996. The reemergence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2 :145–146.
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2
Camargo-Neves VLF, Spinola R, Lage L, 2003. A leishmaniose visceral americana no Estado de São Paulo: situação epidemiológica em 2001–2002. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :27–29.
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3
da Costa AIP, Casanova C, Rodas LAC, Galati EAB, 1997. Atualização da distribuição geográfica e o primeiro encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis em área urbana no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil; notas e informações. Rev Saúde Públ 31 :632–633.
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4
Caldas AJM, Costa JML, Silva AAM, Vinhas V, Barral A, 2002. Risk factors associated with asymptomatic infection by Leishmania chagasi in Northeast Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :21–28.
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5
Costa CHN, Stewart JM, Gomes RBB, Garcez LM, Ramos PKS, Bozza M, Satoskar A, Dissanayke S, Santos RS, Silva MRB, Shaw JJ, David JR, Maguire JH, 2002. Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi. Am J Trop Hyg 66 :334–337.
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6
Braz RF, Nascimento ET, Martins DR, Wilson ME, Pearson RD, Reed SG, Jeronimo SM, 2002. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant K39 antigen in the diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :344–348.
-
7
Badaro R, Benson D, Eulalio MC, Freire M, Cunha S, Netto EM, Pedral-Sampaio D, Madureira C, Burns JM, Houghton RL, David JR, Reed SG, 1996. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173 :758–761.
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8
Brasil, Ministério de Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sinopse Preliminar do Censo Demográfico, 2000, v.7. Brasilia: Editora IBGE, 2001, 1–41.
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9
Delgado O, Feliciangeli MD, Coraspe V, Silva S, Perez A, Arias J, 2001. Value of a dipstick based on recombinant rK39 antigen for differential diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis from other sympatric endemic diseases in Venezuela. Parasite 8 :355–357.
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10
Sundar S, Reed SG, Singh VP, Kumar PCK, Murray HW, 1998. Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Lancet 351 :563–565.
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11
Cunha S, Freire M, Eulálio C, Cristóvão J, Netto E, Johnson WD Jr, Reed SG, Badaró R, 1995. Visceral leishmaniasis in a new ecological niche near a major metropolitan area of Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :155–158.
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12
D’Oliveira A Jr, Costa S, Barbosa A, Orge M, Carvalho E, 1997. Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 92 :15–20.
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13
Reiter P, Lathrop S, Bunning M, Biggerstaff B, Singer D, Tiwari T, Baber L, Amador M, Thirion J, Hayes J, Seca C, Mendez J, Ramirez B, Robinson J, Rawlings J, Vorndam V, Waterman S, Gubler D, Clark G, Hayes E, 2003. Texas lifestyle limits transmission of dengue virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :86–89.
-
14
Sinha PK, Ranjan A, Singh VP, Das VN, Pandev K, Kumar N, Verma N, Lal CS, Sur D, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK, 2006. Visceral leishmaniasis (kalaazar)—the Bihar (India) perspective. J Infect 53 :60–64.
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15
Zerpa O, Ulrich M, Benitez M, Avila C, Rodriguez V, Centeno M, Belizario D, Reed SG, Convit J, 2002. Epidemiological and immunological aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97 :1079–1083.
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16
Moreno EC, Melo MN, Genaro O, Lambertucci JR, Serufo JC, Andrade AS, Antunes CM, Carneiro M, 2005. Risk factors for Leishmania chagasi infection in an urban area of Minas Gerais State. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 :456–463.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 68 | 68 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 52 | 32 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 4 | 2 | 0 |
Human Asymptomatic Infection in Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Seroprevalence Study in an Urban Area of Low Endemicity. Preliminary Results
Sandra C. Barão
Sandra C. Barão
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Grupo de Estudo em Leishmaniose, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vera L. de Fonseca Camargo-Neves
Vera L. de Fonseca Camargo-Neves
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Grupo de Estudo em Leishmaniose, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mariângela R. Resende
Mariângela R. Resende
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Grupo de Estudo em Leishmaniose, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Luiz J. da Silva
Luiz J. da Silva
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Grupo de Estudo em Leishmaniose, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Many aspects of the human asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remain not elucidated, and moreover, almost all the data come from highly endemic areas. The recent appearance of American VL (AVL) in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, offered a good opportunity for further understanding. We present the preliminary results from a seroprevalence study on AVL in humans in Araçatuba, São Paulo. This was a cross-sectional survey on a random sample of the population (one-stage simple random sampling) in two areas, using rK39 dipstick tests. The sex ratios and age distributions in the two areas were comparable. Detectable antibodies were found in 23 subjects (20%) in area A1 and in 6 subjects (4.8%) in area A2. There was no significant difference in age distribution of seropositivity between the areas. We observed a difference in asymptomatic infection rates between the two areas, possibly associated with socioeconomic levels and transmission intensity.
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Reference Manager
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-
1
Arias JR, Monteiro PS, Zicker F, 1996. The reemergence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2 :145–146.
-
2
Camargo-Neves VLF, Spinola R, Lage L, 2003. A leishmaniose visceral americana no Estado de São Paulo: situação epidemiológica em 2001–2002. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36 :27–29.
-
3
da Costa AIP, Casanova C, Rodas LAC, Galati EAB, 1997. Atualização da distribuição geográfica e o primeiro encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis em área urbana no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil; notas e informações. Rev Saúde Públ 31 :632–633.
-
4
Caldas AJM, Costa JML, Silva AAM, Vinhas V, Barral A, 2002. Risk factors associated with asymptomatic infection by Leishmania chagasi in Northeast Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96 :21–28.
-
5
Costa CHN, Stewart JM, Gomes RBB, Garcez LM, Ramos PKS, Bozza M, Satoskar A, Dissanayke S, Santos RS, Silva MRB, Shaw JJ, David JR, Maguire JH, 2002. Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi. Am J Trop Hyg 66 :334–337.
-
6
Braz RF, Nascimento ET, Martins DR, Wilson ME, Pearson RD, Reed SG, Jeronimo SM, 2002. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant K39 antigen in the diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :344–348.
-
7
Badaro R, Benson D, Eulalio MC, Freire M, Cunha S, Netto EM, Pedral-Sampaio D, Madureira C, Burns JM, Houghton RL, David JR, Reed SG, 1996. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173 :758–761.
-
8
Brasil, Ministério de Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sinopse Preliminar do Censo Demográfico, 2000, v.7. Brasilia: Editora IBGE, 2001, 1–41.
-
9
Delgado O, Feliciangeli MD, Coraspe V, Silva S, Perez A, Arias J, 2001. Value of a dipstick based on recombinant rK39 antigen for differential diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis from other sympatric endemic diseases in Venezuela. Parasite 8 :355–357.
-
10
Sundar S, Reed SG, Singh VP, Kumar PCK, Murray HW, 1998. Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Lancet 351 :563–565.
-
11
Cunha S, Freire M, Eulálio C, Cristóvão J, Netto E, Johnson WD Jr, Reed SG, Badaró R, 1995. Visceral leishmaniasis in a new ecological niche near a major metropolitan area of Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89 :155–158.
-
12
D’Oliveira A Jr, Costa S, Barbosa A, Orge M, Carvalho E, 1997. Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 92 :15–20.
-
13
Reiter P, Lathrop S, Bunning M, Biggerstaff B, Singer D, Tiwari T, Baber L, Amador M, Thirion J, Hayes J, Seca C, Mendez J, Ramirez B, Robinson J, Rawlings J, Vorndam V, Waterman S, Gubler D, Clark G, Hayes E, 2003. Texas lifestyle limits transmission of dengue virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :86–89.
-
14
Sinha PK, Ranjan A, Singh VP, Das VN, Pandev K, Kumar N, Verma N, Lal CS, Sur D, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK, 2006. Visceral leishmaniasis (kalaazar)—the Bihar (India) perspective. J Infect 53 :60–64.
-
15
Zerpa O, Ulrich M, Benitez M, Avila C, Rodriguez V, Centeno M, Belizario D, Reed SG, Convit J, 2002. Epidemiological and immunological aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97 :1079–1083.
-
16
Moreno EC, Melo MN, Genaro O, Lambertucci JR, Serufo JC, Andrade AS, Antunes CM, Carneiro M, 2005. Risk factors for Leishmania chagasi infection in an urban area of Minas Gerais State. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 :456–463.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 68 | 68 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 52 | 32 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 4 | 2 | 0 |