Mayo MA, 2005. Changes to virus taxonomy. Arch Virol 150 :189–198.
Okamoto H, 2007. Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus. Virus Res 127 :216–228.
Piper-Jenks N, Horowitz HW, Schwartz E, 2000. Risk of hepatitis E infection to travelers. J Travel Med 4 :194–199.
Buti M, Clemente-Casares P, Jardi R, Formiga-Cruz M, Schaper M, Valdes A, Rodriguez-Frias F, Esteban R, Girones R, 2004. Sporadic cases of acute autochthonous hepatitis E in Spain. J Hepatol 41 :126–131.
Mateos ML, Molina A, Ta TH, Moreira V, Milicua JM, Bárcena R, 2006. Acute hepatitis E in Madrid: description of 18 cases. Gastroenterol Hepatol 29 :397–400.
Ijaz S, Arnold E, Banks M, Bendall RP, Cramp ME, Cunningham R, Dalton HR, Harrison TJ, Hill SF, Macfarlane L, Meigh RE, Shafi S, Sheppard MJ, Smithson J, Wilson MP, Teo CG, 2005. Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. J Infect Dis 7 :1166–1172.
Perez-Gracia MT, Garcia-Valdivia MS, Galan F, Rodriguez-Iglesias MA, 2004. Detection of hepatitis E virus in patients sera in southern Spain. Acta Virol 48 :197–200.
Fernández-Barredo S, Galiana C, Garcia A, Vega S, Gómez MT, Perez-Gracia MT, 2006. Detection of hepatitis E virus shedding in feces of pigs at different stages of production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diag Invest 18 :462–465.
Jary C, 2005. Hepatitis E and meat carcasses. Br J Gen Pract 55 :557–558.
Yazaki Y, Mizuo H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Sasaki N, Gotanda Y, Okamoto H, 2003. Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food. J Gen Virol 84 :2351–2357.
Takahashi K, Kitajima N, Abe N, Mishiro S, 2004. Complete or near complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus genome recovered from a wild boar, a deer, and four patients who ate the deer. Virology 330 :501–505.
Tei S, Kitajima N, Takahashi K, Mishiro S, 2003. Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 362 :371–373.
Meng XJ, Halbur PG, Shapiro MS, Govindarajan S, Bruna JD, Mushahwar IK, Purcell RH, Emerson SU, 1998. Genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis E virus. J Virol 72 :9714–9721.
Fernández-Barredo S, Galiana C, García A, Gómez-Muñoz MT, Vega S, Rodríguez-Iglesias MA, Pérez-Gracia MT, 2007. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Hepatitis E virus in paired samples of feces and serum from naturally infected pigs. Can J Vet Res 71 :236–240.
Lu L, Li C, Hagedorn CH, 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev Med Virol 16 :5–36.
Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG, Lehman JR, Webb DM, Tsareva TS, Haynes JS, Thacker BJ, Emerson SU, 1997. A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 18 :9860–9865.
Herremans M, Vennema H, Bakker J, van der Veer B, Duizer E, Benne CA, Waar K, Hendrixks B, Schneeberger P, Blaauw G, Kooiman M, Koopmans MP, 2007. Swine-like hepatitis E viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the Netherlands. J Virol Hepatol 14 :140–146.
Ahn JM, Kang SG, Lee DY, Shin SJ, Yoo HS, 2005. Identification of novel human hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates and determination of the seroprevalence of HEV in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 7 :3042–3048.
Meng XJ, Wiseman B, Elvinger F, Guenette DK, Toth TE, Engle RE, Emerson SU, Purcell RH, 2002. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries. J Clin Microbiol 1 :117–122.
Ramachandran J, Eapen CE, Kang G, Abraham P, Hubert DD, Kurian G, Hephzibah J, Mukhopadhya A, Chandy GM, 2004. Hepatitis E superinfection produces severe decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 :134–138.
Amon JJ, Drobeniuc J, Bower WA, Magana JC, Escobedo MA, Williams IT, Bell BP, Armstrong GL, 2006. Locally acquired hepatitis E virus infection, El Paso, Texas. J Med Virol 78 :741–746.
Dalton HR, Hazeldine S, Banks M, Ijaz S, Bendall R, 2007. Locally acquired hepatitis E in chronic liver disease. Lancet 369 :1260.
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We report the first hepatitis E infection case detected in a slaughterhouse worker. The identified strain belonged to genotype 3, subtype 3f. Partial sequence analysis of the strain isolated from his serum showed a percentage of nucleotide homology ranging from 83.4% up to 97.3% compared with European human and swine strains, respectively. These findings point strongly to hepatitis E virus as a vocationally acquired illness by means of the manipulation of infected organs from pigs.
Mayo MA, 2005. Changes to virus taxonomy. Arch Virol 150 :189–198.
Okamoto H, 2007. Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus. Virus Res 127 :216–228.
Piper-Jenks N, Horowitz HW, Schwartz E, 2000. Risk of hepatitis E infection to travelers. J Travel Med 4 :194–199.
Buti M, Clemente-Casares P, Jardi R, Formiga-Cruz M, Schaper M, Valdes A, Rodriguez-Frias F, Esteban R, Girones R, 2004. Sporadic cases of acute autochthonous hepatitis E in Spain. J Hepatol 41 :126–131.
Mateos ML, Molina A, Ta TH, Moreira V, Milicua JM, Bárcena R, 2006. Acute hepatitis E in Madrid: description of 18 cases. Gastroenterol Hepatol 29 :397–400.
Ijaz S, Arnold E, Banks M, Bendall RP, Cramp ME, Cunningham R, Dalton HR, Harrison TJ, Hill SF, Macfarlane L, Meigh RE, Shafi S, Sheppard MJ, Smithson J, Wilson MP, Teo CG, 2005. Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. J Infect Dis 7 :1166–1172.
Perez-Gracia MT, Garcia-Valdivia MS, Galan F, Rodriguez-Iglesias MA, 2004. Detection of hepatitis E virus in patients sera in southern Spain. Acta Virol 48 :197–200.
Fernández-Barredo S, Galiana C, Garcia A, Vega S, Gómez MT, Perez-Gracia MT, 2006. Detection of hepatitis E virus shedding in feces of pigs at different stages of production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diag Invest 18 :462–465.
Jary C, 2005. Hepatitis E and meat carcasses. Br J Gen Pract 55 :557–558.
Yazaki Y, Mizuo H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Sasaki N, Gotanda Y, Okamoto H, 2003. Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food. J Gen Virol 84 :2351–2357.
Takahashi K, Kitajima N, Abe N, Mishiro S, 2004. Complete or near complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus genome recovered from a wild boar, a deer, and four patients who ate the deer. Virology 330 :501–505.
Tei S, Kitajima N, Takahashi K, Mishiro S, 2003. Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 362 :371–373.
Meng XJ, Halbur PG, Shapiro MS, Govindarajan S, Bruna JD, Mushahwar IK, Purcell RH, Emerson SU, 1998. Genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis E virus. J Virol 72 :9714–9721.
Fernández-Barredo S, Galiana C, García A, Gómez-Muñoz MT, Vega S, Rodríguez-Iglesias MA, Pérez-Gracia MT, 2007. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Hepatitis E virus in paired samples of feces and serum from naturally infected pigs. Can J Vet Res 71 :236–240.
Lu L, Li C, Hagedorn CH, 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev Med Virol 16 :5–36.
Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG, Lehman JR, Webb DM, Tsareva TS, Haynes JS, Thacker BJ, Emerson SU, 1997. A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 18 :9860–9865.
Herremans M, Vennema H, Bakker J, van der Veer B, Duizer E, Benne CA, Waar K, Hendrixks B, Schneeberger P, Blaauw G, Kooiman M, Koopmans MP, 2007. Swine-like hepatitis E viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the Netherlands. J Virol Hepatol 14 :140–146.
Ahn JM, Kang SG, Lee DY, Shin SJ, Yoo HS, 2005. Identification of novel human hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates and determination of the seroprevalence of HEV in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 7 :3042–3048.
Meng XJ, Wiseman B, Elvinger F, Guenette DK, Toth TE, Engle RE, Emerson SU, Purcell RH, 2002. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries. J Clin Microbiol 1 :117–122.
Ramachandran J, Eapen CE, Kang G, Abraham P, Hubert DD, Kurian G, Hephzibah J, Mukhopadhya A, Chandy GM, 2004. Hepatitis E superinfection produces severe decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 :134–138.
Amon JJ, Drobeniuc J, Bower WA, Magana JC, Escobedo MA, Williams IT, Bell BP, Armstrong GL, 2006. Locally acquired hepatitis E virus infection, El Paso, Texas. J Med Virol 78 :741–746.
Dalton HR, Hazeldine S, Banks M, Ijaz S, Bendall R, 2007. Locally acquired hepatitis E in chronic liver disease. Lancet 369 :1260.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 264 | 212 | 137 |
Full Text Views | 100 | 2 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 16 | 1 | 0 |