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Two Cases of Plasmodium vivax Malaria with the Clinical Picture Resembling Toxic Shock

Joon Young SongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Cheong Won ParkDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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You Mee JoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Jeong Yun KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Jeong Hyun KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Hyo Joong YoonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Chi Hoon KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Chae Seung LimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Hee Jin CheongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Woo Joo KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Armed Forces Byeokje Hospital, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea

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Fatal complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria have been reported. However, complicated P. vivax malaria is rare. We observed two unusual cases of P. vivax malaria who presented with clinical pictures of toxic shock. Both showed disseminated intravascular coagulation with marked thrombocytopenia, oliguric renal failure, and pulmonary edema. Examination of initial blood smears showed a P. vivax parasitemia of 2,352/μL and 12,376/μL, respectively. The patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine without an antibacterial agent. These cases emphasize the importance of considering the possibility of P. vivax malarial infection in patients with a clinical picture resembling toxic shock if they have a travel history to malaria-endemic areas.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Hee Jin Cheong, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Guro Dong-Gil, Guro Gu, (152-703) Seoul, Republic of Korea, Telephone: 82-2-818-6649, Fax: 82-2-866-1643, E-mail: heejinmd@medimail.co.kr.
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