- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Body lice.
- Bacterial strain and culture conditions.
- Membrane feeding system and louse infection with B. quintana.
- Isolation of genomic DNA.
- Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
- Preparation of feces of body lice for scanning electron microscopy.
- Preparation of feces of body lice for immunofluorescence assay.
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1
Maurin M, Raoult D, 1996. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 9 :273–292.
-
2
Kostrzewski J, 1949. The epidemiology of trench fever. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 7 :233–263.
-
3
Raoult D, Ndihokubwayo J, Tissot-Dupont H, Roux V, Faugere B, Abegbinni R, Birtles R, 1998. Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi. Lancet 352 :353–358.
-
4
Brouqui P, Houpikian P, Dupont TH, Toubiana P, Obadia YV, Lafay V, Raoult D, 1996. Survey of the seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana in homeless people. Clin Infect Dis 23 :756–759.
-
5
Jackson LA, Spach DH, Kippen DA, Sugg NK, Regnery RL, Sayers MH, Stamm WE, 1996. Seroprevalence to Bartonella quintana among patients at a community clinic in downtown Seattle. J Infect Dis 173 :1023–1026.
-
6
Seki N, Sasaki T, Sawabe K, Sasaki T, Matsuoka M, Arakawa Y, Marui E, Kobayashi M, 2006. Epidemiological studies on Bartonella quintana infections among homeless people in Tokyo, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 59 :31–35.
-
7
Ohl ME, Spach DH, 2000. Bartonella quintana and urban trench fever. Clin Infect Dis 31 :131–135.
-
8
Rolain J, Arnoux D, Parzy D, Sampol J, Raoult D, 2003. Experimental infection of human erythrocytes from alcoholic patients with Bartonella quintana. Ann NY Acad Sci 990 :605–611.
-
9
Fournier P, Minnick M, Lepidi H, Salvo E, Raoult D, 2001. Experimental model of human body louse infection using green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana. Infect Immun 69 :1876–1879.
-
10
Kasai S, Mihara M, Takahashi M, Agui N, Tomita T, 2003. An artificial blood feeding system for body louse, Pediculus humanus. Med Entomol Zool 54 :434–351.
-
11
Yasutomi K, 1956. Studies on the insect-resistance to insecticides: IV. Relative toxicity of p,p′-DDT and related materials (1). Jpn J Sanit Zool 7 :87–93.
-
12
Tomita T, Yaguchi N, Mihara M, Takahashi M, Agui N, Kasai S, 2003. Molecular analysis of para-sodium channel gene in pyrethroid-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol 40 :468–474.
-
13
Rolain JM, Foucault C, Guieu R, La Scola B, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2002. Bartonella quintana in human erythrocytes. Lancet 360 :226–228.
-
14
Carron MA, Tran VR, Sugawa C, Coticchia JM, 2006. Identification of Helicobacter pylori biofilms in human gastric mucosa. J Gastrointest Surg 10 :712–717.
-
15
Sander A, Posselt M, Oberle K, Bredt W, 1998. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae in patient with cat scratch disease and in healthy controls: evaluation and comparison of two commercial serological tests. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5 :486–490.
-
16
Tea A, Alexiou-Daniel S, Arvanitidou M, Diza E, Antroniadis A, 2003. Occurrence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana in a healthy Greek population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :554–556.
-
17
Maurin M, Etienne FEJ, Raoult D, 1997. Serological crossreactions between Bartonella and Chlamydia species: implications for diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2283–2287.
-
18
Fuller HS, Murray ES, Snyder JC, 1949. Studies of human body lice, Pediculus humanus corporis. I. A method for feeding lice through a membrane and experimental infection with Rickettsia prowazekii, R. mooseri, and Borrelia novyi. Publ Health Rep 64 :1287–1292.
-
19
Weigl R, 1920. Untersuchungen und Experimente an Fleckfie-berlausen. Die Technik der Rickettsiae-Forschung. Beitr Klin Infektionskrankh 8 :353–376.
-
20
Houhamdi L, Raoult D, 2005. Excretion of living Borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice. J Infect Dis 191 :1898–1906.
-
21
Houhamdi L, Fournier P, Fang R, Lepidi H, Raoult D, 2002. An experimental model of human body louse infection with Rickettsia prowazekii. J Infect Dis 186 :1639–1646.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1828 | 1747 | 27 |
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| PDF Downloads | 110 | 21 | 6 |
Quantitative Analysis of Proliferation and Excretion of Bartonella quintana in Body Lice, Pediculus humanus L.
Naomi Seki
Naomi Seki
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Shinji Kasai
Shinji Kasai
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Noriko Saito
Noriko Saito
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Osamu Komagata
Osamu Komagata
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Minoru Mihara
Minoru Mihara
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Toshinori Sasaki
Toshinori Sasaki
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Takashi Tomita
Takashi Tomita
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsuguo Sasaki
Tsuguo Sasaki
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Mutsuo Kobayashi
Mutsuo Kobayashi
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Although body louse is a well-known vector of trench fever, the growth kinetics of Bartonella quintana in body lice has not been fully understood. We performed a quantitative analysis of bacterial multiplication rate. B. quintana started proliferation in body lice 4 days after ingestion and was constantly excreted in the feces for at least 3 weeks. The number of bacteria in feces reached the maximum 107/louse per day on Day 15. The doubling time of B. quintana estimated from logistic regression formula was 21.3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of bacterial masses in feces. Immunofluorescent study using specific monoclonal antibody confirmed identification of B. quintana. Such an explosive multiplication rate and active excretion of B. quintana from the body lice could be related to epidemics of trench fever in developed countries.
Author Notes
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Body lice.
- Bacterial strain and culture conditions.
- Membrane feeding system and louse infection with B. quintana.
- Isolation of genomic DNA.
- Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
- Preparation of feces of body lice for scanning electron microscopy.
- Preparation of feces of body lice for immunofluorescence assay.
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Maurin M, Raoult D, 1996. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 9 :273–292.
-
2
Kostrzewski J, 1949. The epidemiology of trench fever. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 7 :233–263.
-
3
Raoult D, Ndihokubwayo J, Tissot-Dupont H, Roux V, Faugere B, Abegbinni R, Birtles R, 1998. Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi. Lancet 352 :353–358.
-
4
Brouqui P, Houpikian P, Dupont TH, Toubiana P, Obadia YV, Lafay V, Raoult D, 1996. Survey of the seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana in homeless people. Clin Infect Dis 23 :756–759.
-
5
Jackson LA, Spach DH, Kippen DA, Sugg NK, Regnery RL, Sayers MH, Stamm WE, 1996. Seroprevalence to Bartonella quintana among patients at a community clinic in downtown Seattle. J Infect Dis 173 :1023–1026.
-
6
Seki N, Sasaki T, Sawabe K, Sasaki T, Matsuoka M, Arakawa Y, Marui E, Kobayashi M, 2006. Epidemiological studies on Bartonella quintana infections among homeless people in Tokyo, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 59 :31–35.
-
7
Ohl ME, Spach DH, 2000. Bartonella quintana and urban trench fever. Clin Infect Dis 31 :131–135.
-
8
Rolain J, Arnoux D, Parzy D, Sampol J, Raoult D, 2003. Experimental infection of human erythrocytes from alcoholic patients with Bartonella quintana. Ann NY Acad Sci 990 :605–611.
-
9
Fournier P, Minnick M, Lepidi H, Salvo E, Raoult D, 2001. Experimental model of human body louse infection using green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana. Infect Immun 69 :1876–1879.
-
10
Kasai S, Mihara M, Takahashi M, Agui N, Tomita T, 2003. An artificial blood feeding system for body louse, Pediculus humanus. Med Entomol Zool 54 :434–351.
-
11
Yasutomi K, 1956. Studies on the insect-resistance to insecticides: IV. Relative toxicity of p,p′-DDT and related materials (1). Jpn J Sanit Zool 7 :87–93.
-
12
Tomita T, Yaguchi N, Mihara M, Takahashi M, Agui N, Kasai S, 2003. Molecular analysis of para-sodium channel gene in pyrethroid-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol 40 :468–474.
-
13
Rolain JM, Foucault C, Guieu R, La Scola B, Brouqui P, Raoult D, 2002. Bartonella quintana in human erythrocytes. Lancet 360 :226–228.
-
14
Carron MA, Tran VR, Sugawa C, Coticchia JM, 2006. Identification of Helicobacter pylori biofilms in human gastric mucosa. J Gastrointest Surg 10 :712–717.
-
15
Sander A, Posselt M, Oberle K, Bredt W, 1998. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae in patient with cat scratch disease and in healthy controls: evaluation and comparison of two commercial serological tests. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5 :486–490.
-
16
Tea A, Alexiou-Daniel S, Arvanitidou M, Diza E, Antroniadis A, 2003. Occurrence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana in a healthy Greek population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :554–556.
-
17
Maurin M, Etienne FEJ, Raoult D, 1997. Serological crossreactions between Bartonella and Chlamydia species: implications for diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :2283–2287.
-
18
Fuller HS, Murray ES, Snyder JC, 1949. Studies of human body lice, Pediculus humanus corporis. I. A method for feeding lice through a membrane and experimental infection with Rickettsia prowazekii, R. mooseri, and Borrelia novyi. Publ Health Rep 64 :1287–1292.
-
19
Weigl R, 1920. Untersuchungen und Experimente an Fleckfie-berlausen. Die Technik der Rickettsiae-Forschung. Beitr Klin Infektionskrankh 8 :353–376.
-
20
Houhamdi L, Raoult D, 2005. Excretion of living Borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice. J Infect Dis 191 :1898–1906.
-
21
Houhamdi L, Fournier P, Fang R, Lepidi H, Raoult D, 2002. An experimental model of human body louse infection with Rickettsia prowazekii. J Infect Dis 186 :1639–1646.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1828 | 1747 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 265 | 18 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 110 | 21 | 6 |