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-
1
World Health Organization, 2002. Leprosy global situation. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 77 :1–8.
-
2
Britton WJ, Lockwood DNJ, 2004. Leprosy. Lancet 363 :1209–1219.
-
3
Agrawal A, Pandit L, Dalal M, Shetty JP, 2005. Neurological manifestations of Hansen’s disease and their management. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107 :445–454.
-
4
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL, 2006. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev 19 :338–381.
-
5
Lockwood DN, 2002. Leprosy elimination: a virtual phenomenon or a reality. BMJ 324 :1516–1518.
-
6
Klatser PR, Wit MY, Fajardo TT, Cellona RV, Abalos RM, de la Cruz EC, Madarang MG, Hirsch DS, Douglas JT, 1989. Evaluation of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in the monitoring of a dapsone-based chemotherapy of previously untreated lepromatous patients in Cebu, Philippines. Lepr Rev 60 :178–186.
-
7
Buhrer-Sekula S, Smits HL, Gussenhoven GC, van Leeuwen J, Amador S, Fujiwara T, Klatser PR, Oskam L, 2003. Simple and fast lateral flow test for classification of leprosy patients and identification of contacts with high risk of developing leprosy. J Clin Microbiol 41 :1991–1995.
-
8
Kasahara K, Tobe T, Tomita M, Mukaida N, Shao-Bo S, Matsushima K, Yoshida T, Sugihara S, Kobayashi K, 1994. Selective expression of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/ monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human blood monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 170 :1238–1247.
-
9
Agostini C, Cassatella M, Zambello R, Trentin L, Gasperini S, Perin A, Piazza F, Siviero M, Facco M, Dziejman M, Chilosi M, Qin S, Luster AD, Semenzato G, 1998. Involvement of the IP-10 chemokine in sarcoid granulomatous reactions. J Immunol 161 :6413–6420.
-
10
Ritter U, Moll H, Laskay T, Brocker E, Velazco O, Becker I, Gillitzer R, 1996. Differential expression of chemokines in patients with localized and diffuse cutaneous American leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173 :699–709.
-
11
Sadek I, Sada E, Toosi Z, Schwander SK, Rich EA, 1998. Chemokines induced by infection of mononuclear phagocytes with mycobacteria and present in lung alveoli during active pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 19 :513–521.
-
12
Hasan Z, Zaidi I, Jamil B, Khan MA, Kanji A, Hussain R, 2005. Elevated ex vivo monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in pulmonary as compared with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Immunol 6 :14.
-
13
Alessandri AL, Souza AL, Oliveira SC, Macedo GC, Teixeira MM, Teixeira AL, 2006. Concentrations of CXCL8, CXCL9 and sTNFr1 in plasma of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing treatment. Inflamm Res 55 :528–533.
-
14
World Health Organization, 1997. A Guide to Eliminating Leprosy as a Public Health Problem. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/LEP/97.7.
-
15
World Health Organization , 1998. Expert Committee on Leprosy, 7th Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
16
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ, 1983. A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology 148 :839–843.
-
17
Hasan Z, Mahmood A, Zafar S, Khan A, Hussian R, 2004. Leprosy patients with lepromatous disease have an up-regulated IL-8 response that is unlinked to TNFα responses. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 72 :35–44.
-
18
Stefani MMA, Martelli CMT, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL and the Brazilian Leprosy Study Group, 2003. In situ type 1 cytokine gene expression and mechanisms associated with early leprosy progression. J Infect Dis 188 :1024–1031.
-
19
Roach DR, Bean AGD, Demangel C, France MP, Briscoe H, Britton WJ, 2002. TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of Mycobacterial infection. J Immunol 168 :4620–4627.
-
20
Bandeira-Melo C, Herbst A, Weller PF, 2001. Eotaxins: contributing to the diversity of eosinophil recruitment and activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 24 :653–657.
-
21
Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Lloyd C, Gonzalo JA, 1999. Eotaxin: from an eosinophilic chemokine to a major regulator of allergic reactions. Immunol Today 20 :500–504.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 294 | 240 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 319 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 13 | 0 |
Differentiation of Patients with Leprosy from Non-Infected Individuals by the Chemokine Eotaxin/CCL11
Vanessa A. Mendonça
Vanessa A. Mendonça
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Luiz C. Malaquias
Luiz C. Malaquias
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gustavo E. Brito-Melo
Gustavo E. Brito-Melo
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alexandre Castelo-Branco
Alexandre Castelo-Branco
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Carlos M. Antunes
Carlos M. Antunes
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Antonio L. Ribeiro
Antonio L. Ribeiro
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mauro M. Teixeira
Mauro M. Teixeira
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Antonio L. Teixeira
Antonio L. Teixeira
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, e Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Diagnosis of leprosy is usually made clinically and there are no tests available for the routine laboratory diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of chemokines as biologic markers of disease activity. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure chemokines in plasma of patients with leprosy (LE) and non-infected (NI) individuals. There were significantly greater concentrations of the chemokines CCL3 and CCL11 in plasma of LE patients than in NI individuals. When the use of CCL11 to differentiate LE patients versus NI individuals was evaluated, the area under the receiver-operator-characteristic curve was 0.95 ± 0.03 (P < 0.0001). In a group of selected individuals, CCL11 was useful in diagnosis of leprosy, thereby suggesting that measurement of this chemokine may be useful as an aid in diagnosing leprosis.
Author Notes
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-
1
World Health Organization, 2002. Leprosy global situation. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 77 :1–8.
-
2
Britton WJ, Lockwood DNJ, 2004. Leprosy. Lancet 363 :1209–1219.
-
3
Agrawal A, Pandit L, Dalal M, Shetty JP, 2005. Neurological manifestations of Hansen’s disease and their management. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107 :445–454.
-
4
Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL, 2006. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev 19 :338–381.
-
5
Lockwood DN, 2002. Leprosy elimination: a virtual phenomenon or a reality. BMJ 324 :1516–1518.
-
6
Klatser PR, Wit MY, Fajardo TT, Cellona RV, Abalos RM, de la Cruz EC, Madarang MG, Hirsch DS, Douglas JT, 1989. Evaluation of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in the monitoring of a dapsone-based chemotherapy of previously untreated lepromatous patients in Cebu, Philippines. Lepr Rev 60 :178–186.
-
7
Buhrer-Sekula S, Smits HL, Gussenhoven GC, van Leeuwen J, Amador S, Fujiwara T, Klatser PR, Oskam L, 2003. Simple and fast lateral flow test for classification of leprosy patients and identification of contacts with high risk of developing leprosy. J Clin Microbiol 41 :1991–1995.
-
8
Kasahara K, Tobe T, Tomita M, Mukaida N, Shao-Bo S, Matsushima K, Yoshida T, Sugihara S, Kobayashi K, 1994. Selective expression of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/ monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human blood monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 170 :1238–1247.
-
9
Agostini C, Cassatella M, Zambello R, Trentin L, Gasperini S, Perin A, Piazza F, Siviero M, Facco M, Dziejman M, Chilosi M, Qin S, Luster AD, Semenzato G, 1998. Involvement of the IP-10 chemokine in sarcoid granulomatous reactions. J Immunol 161 :6413–6420.
-
10
Ritter U, Moll H, Laskay T, Brocker E, Velazco O, Becker I, Gillitzer R, 1996. Differential expression of chemokines in patients with localized and diffuse cutaneous American leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173 :699–709.
-
11
Sadek I, Sada E, Toosi Z, Schwander SK, Rich EA, 1998. Chemokines induced by infection of mononuclear phagocytes with mycobacteria and present in lung alveoli during active pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 19 :513–521.
-
12
Hasan Z, Zaidi I, Jamil B, Khan MA, Kanji A, Hussain R, 2005. Elevated ex vivo monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) in pulmonary as compared with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Immunol 6 :14.
-
13
Alessandri AL, Souza AL, Oliveira SC, Macedo GC, Teixeira MM, Teixeira AL, 2006. Concentrations of CXCL8, CXCL9 and sTNFr1 in plasma of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing treatment. Inflamm Res 55 :528–533.
-
14
World Health Organization, 1997. A Guide to Eliminating Leprosy as a Public Health Problem. Second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/LEP/97.7.
-
15
World Health Organization , 1998. Expert Committee on Leprosy, 7th Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
16
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ, 1983. A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology 148 :839–843.
-
17
Hasan Z, Mahmood A, Zafar S, Khan A, Hussian R, 2004. Leprosy patients with lepromatous disease have an up-regulated IL-8 response that is unlinked to TNFα responses. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 72 :35–44.
-
18
Stefani MMA, Martelli CMT, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL and the Brazilian Leprosy Study Group, 2003. In situ type 1 cytokine gene expression and mechanisms associated with early leprosy progression. J Infect Dis 188 :1024–1031.
-
19
Roach DR, Bean AGD, Demangel C, France MP, Briscoe H, Britton WJ, 2002. TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of Mycobacterial infection. J Immunol 168 :4620–4627.
-
20
Bandeira-Melo C, Herbst A, Weller PF, 2001. Eotaxins: contributing to the diversity of eosinophil recruitment and activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 24 :653–657.
-
21
Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Lloyd C, Gonzalo JA, 1999. Eotaxin: from an eosinophilic chemokine to a major regulator of allergic reactions. Immunol Today 20 :500–504.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 294 | 240 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 319 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 13 | 0 |