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-
1
Strauss JH, Strauss EG, 1994. The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution. Microbiol Rev 58 :491–562.
-
2
Ross RW, 1956. The Newala epidemic III. The virus: Isolation, pathogenic properties and relationship to the epidemic. J Hyg (Lond) 54 :177–191.
-
3
Saluzzo JF, Adam C, Castagnet P, Chapelle P, Cornet M, Heme G, Digoutte JP, 1982. Une pousséé épidémique due au virus chikungunya dans l’ouest du Sénégal en 1982. Med Afr Noire 30 :427–430.
-
4
Lam SK, Chua KB, Hooi PS, Rahimah MA, Kumari S, Tharmaratnam M, Chuah SK, Smith DW, Sampson IA, 2001. Chikungunya infection-an emerging disease in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32 :447–451.
-
5
Flahault A. Chikungunya—Indian Ocean update (32). ProMED. October 14, 2006. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20061014.2953
-
6
Enserink M, 2006. Infectious diseases. Massive outbreak draws fresh attention to little-known virus. Science 311 :1085.
-
7
Outbreak news, 2006. Chikungunya and dengue, south-west Indian Ocean. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 :106–108.
-
8
Parola P, de Lamballerie X, Jourdan J, Rovery C, Vaillant V, Minodier P, Brouqui P, Flahaultr A, Raoult D, Charrel RN, 2006. Novel Chiklungunya virus variant in travellers returning from Indian Ocean islands. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :1493–1499.
-
9
AbuBakar S, Sam I-C, Wong P-F, MatRahim N, Hooi P-S, Roslan N, 2007. Reemergence of endemic Chikungunya, Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :147–149.
-
10
Hochedez P, Hausfater P, Jaureguiberry S, Gay F, Datry A, Danis M, Bricaire F, Bossi P, 2007. Cases of Chikungunya fever imported from the islands of the South West Indian Ocean to Paris, France. Euro Surveill 12. Available from http//www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v12n01/1201-227.asp
-
11
Service M. Chikungunya, imported, risk of transmission. ProMED. January 25, 2007. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20070125.0338.
-
12
Chikungunya—Indian Ocean update (34): Spain, imported. ProMED. December 20, 2006. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20061226.3616.
-
13
Fusco FM, Puro V, Di Caro A, Nicastri E, Carannante N, Barzon L, Di Cesare S, Palù G, Faella FS, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2006. Cases of Chikungunya fever in Italy in travelers returning from Indian Ocean and risk of introduction of the disease in Italy. Infez Med 4 :238–245.
-
14
Hasebe F, Parquet MC, Pandey BD, Mathenge EG, Morita K, Balasubramaniam V, Saat Z, Yusop A, Sinniah M, Natkunam S, Igarashi A, 2002. Combined detection and genotyping of Chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 67 :370–374.
-
15
Pfeffer M, Linssen B, Parke MD, Kinney RM, 2002. Specific detection of Chikungunya virus using a RT-PCR/nested PCR combination. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49 :49–54.
-
16
Pastorino B, Bessaud M, Granadam M, Murri S, Tolou HJ, Peyrefitte CN, 2005. Development of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay without RNA extraction step for the detection and quantification of African Chikungunya viruses. J Virol Methods 124 :65–71.
-
17
Parida MM, Santhosh SR, Dash PK, Tripathi NK, Lakshmi V, Mamidi N, Shrivastva A, Gupta N, Saxena P, Pradeep Babu J, Lakshmana Rao V, Morita K, 2007. Rapid and real-time detection of Chikungunya virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 45 :351–357.
-
18
Della Torre A, Bomboni C, Cancrini G, 1992. Extension of the area of Aedes albopictus in Italy. First report of the species in central Italy. Parassitologia 34 :143–146.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 369 | 291 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 366 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 84 | 10 | 0 |
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Chikungunya Virus by a One-Step Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-Time Assay
Fabrizio Carletti
Fabrizio Carletti
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Licia Bordi
Licia Bordi
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Roberta Chiappini
Roberta Chiappini
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Giuseppe Ippolito
Giuseppe Ippolito
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Maria R. Sciarrone
Maria R. Sciarrone
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Maria R. Capobianchi
Maria R. Capobianchi
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Antonino Di Caro
Antonino Di Caro
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Concetta Castilletti
Concetta Castilletti
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. A large outbreak of CHIKV disease occurred in 2005 in the Indian Ocean Islands. Many cases have been imported in European countries. Laboratory confirmation of suspected cases is mandatory for control measures during an outbreak. We report a novel, real-time, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the nonstructural protein 1 region that can quantify a wide range of viral RNA concentrations. This assay was validated by in vitro experiments in which interferon-α, a well-known virus inhibitor, showed a dose-dependent inhibition of virus replication on Vero cells that was assessed by viral infectivity and viral RNA production. This new real-time RT-PCR was used to measure viral load in serum samples from cases recently imported to Italy, and may be a useful tool in rapid detection of CHIKV and monitoring the extent of viral replication in patients.
Author Notes
ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
Strauss JH, Strauss EG, 1994. The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution. Microbiol Rev 58 :491–562.
-
2
Ross RW, 1956. The Newala epidemic III. The virus: Isolation, pathogenic properties and relationship to the epidemic. J Hyg (Lond) 54 :177–191.
-
3
Saluzzo JF, Adam C, Castagnet P, Chapelle P, Cornet M, Heme G, Digoutte JP, 1982. Une pousséé épidémique due au virus chikungunya dans l’ouest du Sénégal en 1982. Med Afr Noire 30 :427–430.
-
4
Lam SK, Chua KB, Hooi PS, Rahimah MA, Kumari S, Tharmaratnam M, Chuah SK, Smith DW, Sampson IA, 2001. Chikungunya infection-an emerging disease in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32 :447–451.
-
5
Flahault A. Chikungunya—Indian Ocean update (32). ProMED. October 14, 2006. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20061014.2953
-
6
Enserink M, 2006. Infectious diseases. Massive outbreak draws fresh attention to little-known virus. Science 311 :1085.
-
7
Outbreak news, 2006. Chikungunya and dengue, south-west Indian Ocean. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 :106–108.
-
8
Parola P, de Lamballerie X, Jourdan J, Rovery C, Vaillant V, Minodier P, Brouqui P, Flahaultr A, Raoult D, Charrel RN, 2006. Novel Chiklungunya virus variant in travellers returning from Indian Ocean islands. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :1493–1499.
-
9
AbuBakar S, Sam I-C, Wong P-F, MatRahim N, Hooi P-S, Roslan N, 2007. Reemergence of endemic Chikungunya, Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :147–149.
-
10
Hochedez P, Hausfater P, Jaureguiberry S, Gay F, Datry A, Danis M, Bricaire F, Bossi P, 2007. Cases of Chikungunya fever imported from the islands of the South West Indian Ocean to Paris, France. Euro Surveill 12. Available from http//www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v12n01/1201-227.asp
-
11
Service M. Chikungunya, imported, risk of transmission. ProMED. January 25, 2007. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20070125.0338.
-
12
Chikungunya—Indian Ocean update (34): Spain, imported. ProMED. December 20, 2006. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20061226.3616.
-
13
Fusco FM, Puro V, Di Caro A, Nicastri E, Carannante N, Barzon L, Di Cesare S, Palù G, Faella FS, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, 2006. Cases of Chikungunya fever in Italy in travelers returning from Indian Ocean and risk of introduction of the disease in Italy. Infez Med 4 :238–245.
-
14
Hasebe F, Parquet MC, Pandey BD, Mathenge EG, Morita K, Balasubramaniam V, Saat Z, Yusop A, Sinniah M, Natkunam S, Igarashi A, 2002. Combined detection and genotyping of Chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 67 :370–374.
-
15
Pfeffer M, Linssen B, Parke MD, Kinney RM, 2002. Specific detection of Chikungunya virus using a RT-PCR/nested PCR combination. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49 :49–54.
-
16
Pastorino B, Bessaud M, Granadam M, Murri S, Tolou HJ, Peyrefitte CN, 2005. Development of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay without RNA extraction step for the detection and quantification of African Chikungunya viruses. J Virol Methods 124 :65–71.
-
17
Parida MM, Santhosh SR, Dash PK, Tripathi NK, Lakshmi V, Mamidi N, Shrivastva A, Gupta N, Saxena P, Pradeep Babu J, Lakshmana Rao V, Morita K, 2007. Rapid and real-time detection of Chikungunya virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 45 :351–357.
-
18
Della Torre A, Bomboni C, Cancrini G, 1992. Extension of the area of Aedes albopictus in Italy. First report of the species in central Italy. Parassitologia 34 :143–146.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 369 | 291 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 366 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 84 | 10 | 0 |