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1
Eckert J, Conraths FJ, Tackmann K, 2000. Echinococcosis: an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis? Int J Parasitol 30 :1283–1294.
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2
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Gottstein B, Sager H, Müller N, Völlm J, Bacciarini LN, 2005. Alveolar echinococcosis in the zoological garden Basle. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 147 :498–502.
-
3
Deplazes P, Eckert J, 2001. Veterinary aspects of alveolar echinococcosis—a zoonosis of public health significance. Vet Parasitol 98 :65–87.
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4
Bacciarini LN, Gottstein B, Pagan O, Rehmann P, Grone A, 2004. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 41 :229–234.
-
5
Sato C, Kawase S, Yano S, Nagano H, Fujimoto S, Kobayashi N, Miyahara K, Yamada K, Sato M, Kobayashi Y, 2005. Outbreak of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a zoo, Hokkaido: western blotting patterns in the infected monkeys. J Vet Med Sci 67 :133–135.
-
6
Helbig M, Frosch P, Kern P, Frosch M, 1993. Serological differentiation between cystic and alveolar echinococcosis by use of recombinant larval antigens. J Clin Microbiol 31 :3211–3215.
-
7
Frosch PM, Frosch M, Pfister T, Schaad V, Bitter-Suermann D, 1991. Cloning and characterisation of an immunodominant major surface antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 48 :121–130.
-
8
Brack M, Tackmann K, Conraths FJ, Rensing S, 1997. Alveolar hydatidosis (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a captive rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Germany. Trop Med Int Health 2 :754–759.
-
9
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Lawrenz A, Pagan O, Gottstein B, Bacciarini LN, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis in two lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). J Comp Pathol 129 :85–88.
-
10
Markovics A, Pipano E, Harmelin A, Orgad U, Yakobson B, Nyska A, 1992. A case of natural hydatidosis in a baboon. J Comp Pathol 106 :435–438.
-
11
Macpherson CN, Else JE, Suleman M, 1986. Experimental infection of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) with Echinococcus granulosus of camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from Kenya. J Helminthol 60 :213–217.
-
12
Kondo H, Wada Y, Bando G, Kosuge M, Yagi K, Oku Y, 1996. Alveolar hydatidosis in a gorilla and a ring-tailed lemur in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 58 :447–449.
-
13
Taniyama H, Morimitsu Y, Fukumoto SI, Ohbayashi M, 1996. A natural case of larval echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis in a zoo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Uchino J, Sato N, eds. Alveolar Echinococcosis. Strategy for Eradication of Alveolar Echinococcosis of the Liver. Sapporo, Japan: Fuji Shoin, 65–67.
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14
Sréter T, Szell Z, Egyed Z, Varga I, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis: an emerging pathogen in Hungary and Central Eastern Europe? Emerg Infect Dis 9 :384–386.
-
15
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl):S187–S191.
-
16
Romig T, 2003. Epidemiology of echinococcosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 388 :209–217.
-
17
Robert Koch-Institute, 2006. Epidemiologie der Fuchsbandwur-merkrankungen in Deutschland—Daten des Echinokokkose Registers. Epidemiol Bull 15 :115–117.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 533 | 455 | 20 |
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Echinococcus multilocularis Infection of Several Old World Monkey Species in a Breeding Enclosure
Dennis Tappe
Dennis Tappe
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Klaus Brehm
Klaus Brehm
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Matthias Frosch
Matthias Frosch
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Anja Blankenburg
Anja Blankenburg
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Annette Schrod
Annette Schrod
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Franz-Josef Kaup
Franz-Josef Kaup
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
Consiliary Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany; German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Göttingen, Germany
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Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, is spreading geographically in Europe, and prevalence rates in foxes, the final host, are increasing. Concomitantly, the rate of newly diagnosed human infections has already doubled in Germany. We report a cluster of alveolar echinococcosis in 24 animals of different Old World monkey species (15 cynomolgus monkeys, 5 rhesus monkeys, and 4 lion-tailed macaques) in northern Germany. The cluster described is the largest ever recorded in a single center. Cynomolgus monkeys were very susceptible and constituted the monkey species at highest risk, indicating that this species could act as a sentinel animal for the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis in zoological gardens or similar institutions.
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-
1
Eckert J, Conraths FJ, Tackmann K, 2000. Echinococcosis: an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis? Int J Parasitol 30 :1283–1294.
-
2
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Gottstein B, Sager H, Müller N, Völlm J, Bacciarini LN, 2005. Alveolar echinococcosis in the zoological garden Basle. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 147 :498–502.
-
3
Deplazes P, Eckert J, 2001. Veterinary aspects of alveolar echinococcosis—a zoonosis of public health significance. Vet Parasitol 98 :65–87.
-
4
Bacciarini LN, Gottstein B, Pagan O, Rehmann P, Grone A, 2004. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 41 :229–234.
-
5
Sato C, Kawase S, Yano S, Nagano H, Fujimoto S, Kobayashi N, Miyahara K, Yamada K, Sato M, Kobayashi Y, 2005. Outbreak of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a zoo, Hokkaido: western blotting patterns in the infected monkeys. J Vet Med Sci 67 :133–135.
-
6
Helbig M, Frosch P, Kern P, Frosch M, 1993. Serological differentiation between cystic and alveolar echinococcosis by use of recombinant larval antigens. J Clin Microbiol 31 :3211–3215.
-
7
Frosch PM, Frosch M, Pfister T, Schaad V, Bitter-Suermann D, 1991. Cloning and characterisation of an immunodominant major surface antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 48 :121–130.
-
8
Brack M, Tackmann K, Conraths FJ, Rensing S, 1997. Alveolar hydatidosis (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a captive rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Germany. Trop Med Int Health 2 :754–759.
-
9
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Lawrenz A, Pagan O, Gottstein B, Bacciarini LN, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis in two lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). J Comp Pathol 129 :85–88.
-
10
Markovics A, Pipano E, Harmelin A, Orgad U, Yakobson B, Nyska A, 1992. A case of natural hydatidosis in a baboon. J Comp Pathol 106 :435–438.
-
11
Macpherson CN, Else JE, Suleman M, 1986. Experimental infection of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) with Echinococcus granulosus of camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from Kenya. J Helminthol 60 :213–217.
-
12
Kondo H, Wada Y, Bando G, Kosuge M, Yagi K, Oku Y, 1996. Alveolar hydatidosis in a gorilla and a ring-tailed lemur in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 58 :447–449.
-
13
Taniyama H, Morimitsu Y, Fukumoto SI, Ohbayashi M, 1996. A natural case of larval echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis in a zoo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Uchino J, Sato N, eds. Alveolar Echinococcosis. Strategy for Eradication of Alveolar Echinococcosis of the Liver. Sapporo, Japan: Fuji Shoin, 65–67.
-
14
Sréter T, Szell Z, Egyed Z, Varga I, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis: an emerging pathogen in Hungary and Central Eastern Europe? Emerg Infect Dis 9 :384–386.
-
15
Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U, 2006. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl):S187–S191.
-
16
Romig T, 2003. Epidemiology of echinococcosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 388 :209–217.
-
17
Robert Koch-Institute, 2006. Epidemiologie der Fuchsbandwur-merkrankungen in Deutschland—Daten des Echinokokkose Registers. Epidemiol Bull 15 :115–117.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 533 | 455 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 411 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 114 | 14 | 1 |