Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
World Health Organization, 1991. Training for Mid-Level Managers: The EPI Coverage Survey. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization, WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10.
-
2
Henderson RH, Sundaresan T, 1982. Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. Bull World Health Organ 60 :253–260.
-
3
Turner AG, Magnani RJ, Shuaib M, 1996. A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Cluster Survey design. Int J Epidemiol 25 :198–203.
-
4
Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL, 1991. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 44 :98–106.
-
5
Singh J, Jain DC, Sharma RS, Verghese T, 1996. Further observations on comparison of immunization coverage by lot quality assurance sampling and 30 cluster sampling. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 27 :267–273.
-
6
Katz J, Yoon SS, Brendel K, West KP Jr, 1997. Sampling designs for xerophthalmia prevalence surveys. Int J Epidemiol 26 :1041–1048.
-
7
Kok PW, 1986. Cluster sampling for immunization coverage. Soc Sci Med 22 :781–783.
-
8
Brogan D, Flagg EW, Deming M, Waldman R, 1994. Increasing the accuracy of the Expanded Programme on Immunization’s cluster survey design. Ann Epidemiol 4 :302–311.
-
9
Yoon SS, Katz J, Brendel K, West KP Jr, 1997. Efficiency of EPI cluster sampling for assessing diarrhoea and dysentery prevalence. Bull World Health Organ 75 :417–426.
-
10
Bennett S, Radalowicz A, Vella V, Tomkins A, 1994. A computer simulation of household sampling schemes for health surveys in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol 23 :1282–1291.
-
11
Ferrinho P, Valli A, Groeneveld T, Buch E, Coetzee D, 1992. The effects of cluster sampling in an African urban setting. Cent Afr J Med 38 :324–330.
-
12
Harris DR, Lemeshow S, 1991. Evaluation of the EPI survey methodology for estimating relative risk. World Health Stat Q 44 :107–114.
-
13
Cutts FT, 1988. The use of the WHO cluster survey method for evaluating the impact of the expanded programme on immunization on target disease incidence. J Trop Med Hyg 91 :231–239.
-
14
Lwanga SK, Abiprojo N, 1987. Immunization coverage surveys: methodological studies in Indonesia. Bull World Health Organ 65 :847–853.
-
15
Lemeshow S, Tserkovnyi AG, Tulloch JL, Dowd JE, Lwanga SK, Keja J, 1985. A computer simulation of the EPI survey strategy. Int J Epidemiol 14 :473–481.
-
16
Lemeshow S, Robinson D, 1985. Surveys to measure programme coverage and impact: a review of the methodology used by the expanded programme on immunization. World Health Stat Q 38 :65–75.
-
17
Bartley JB, Ferris DG, Allmond LM, Dickman ED, Dias JK, Lambert J, 2004. Personal digital assistants used to document compliance of bacterial vaginosis treatment. Sex Transm Dis 31 :488–491.
-
18
Vernez D, Poffet JM, Besrour A, 2004. Handheld-assisted field data collection for occupational risk assessment. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 10 :399–410.
-
19
Bobula JA, Anderson LS, Riesch SK, Canty-Mitchell J, Duncan A, Kaiser-Krueger HA, Brown RL, Angresano N, 2004. Enhancing survey data collection among youth and adults: use of handheld and laptop computers. Comput Inform Nurs 22 :2552–2565.
-
20
Koop A, Mosges R, 2002. The use of handheld computers in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 23 :469–480.
-
21
Carroll AE, Saluja S, Tarczy-Hornoch P, 2002. The implementation of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) based patient record and charting system: lessons learned. Proc AMIA Symp :111–115.
-
22
Garrity C, El Emam K, 2006. Who’s using PDAs? Estimates of PDA use by health care providers: a systematic review of surveys. J Med Internet Res 8 :e7.
-
23
Gupta PC, 1996. Survey of sociodemographic characteristics of tobacco use among 99,598 individuals in Bombay, India using handheld computers. Tob Control 5 :114–120.
-
24
SATELLIFE, 2005. Current and Completed SATELLIFE Projects Exploring the Use of Handheld Computers for Health. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.healthnet.org/pdaprojects.php
-
25
Grabowsky M, Nobiya T, Ahun M, Donna R, Lengor M, Zimmerman D, Ladd H, Hoekstra E, Bello A, Baffoe-Wilmot A, Amofah G, 2005. Distributing insecticide-treated bednets during measles vaccination: a low-cost means of achieving high and equitable coverage. Bull World Health Organ 83 :195–201.
-
26
Grabowsky M, Farrell N, Hawley W, Chimumbwa J, Hoyer S, Wolkon A, Selanikio J, 2005. Integrating insecticide-treated bednets into a measles vaccination campaign achieves high, rapid and equitable coverage with direct and voucher-based methods. Trop Med Int Health 10 :1151–1160.
-
27
Grabowsky M, Farrell N, Hawley W, Chimumbwa J, Nobiya T, Ahun M, Hoyer S, Wolkon A, Selanikio J, 2005. Ghana and Zambia: achieving equity in the distribution of insecticide-treated bednets through links with measles vaccination campaigns. HNP Discussion Paper Reaching the Poor Program Paper No. 10. Washington, DC: World Bank.
-
28
Keating J, MacIntyre K, Mbogo C, Githeko A, Regens JL, Swalm C, Ndenga B, Steinberg LJ, Kibe L, Githure JI, Beier JC, 2003. A geographic sampling strategy for studying relationships between human activity and malaria vectors in urban Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :357–365.
-
29
Dwolatzky B, Trengove E, Struthers H, McIntyre JA, Martinson NA, 2006. Linking the global positioning system (GPS) to a personal digital assistant (PDA) to support tuberculosis control in South Africa: a pilot study. Int J Health Geogr 16 :5–34.
-
30
French G, 1997. Understanding the GPS. Bethesda MD: Geo-Rearch Inc.
-
31
Coast Guard US, 2005. GPS General Information. US Coast Guard Navigational Center of Excellence. Available from http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/default.htm
-
32
Hirschelmann KH, 2002. NMEA 0813. Die GPS-Homepage von Klaus H. Hirschelmann. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.kh-gps.de/nmea-faq.htm
-
33
National Marine Electronic Association, 2003. NMEA 0183 Standard. National Marine Electronic Association Publications/Standards. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.nmea.org/pub/0183/index.html
-
34
Bennett P, 2006. Homepage. NMEA-0183 and GPS Information. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://vancouver-webpages.com/pub/peter/
-
35
Person J, 2004. Writing Your Own GPS Applications Part 2. Cited Mar 6, 2006. Available from http://www.codeproject.com/netcf/WritingGPSApplications2.asp
-
36
USGS FEWS, NET. 2006. Africa Data Dissemination Service. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/
-
37
ESRI Homepage. Geography Network. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.geographynetwork.com
-
38
Butler D, 2006. Virtual globes: The web-wide world. Nature 439 :776–778.
-
39
CDC, 2005. Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets during an integrated nationwide immunization campaign–Togo, west Africa December 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54 :994–996.
-
40
Eliades MJ, Wolkon A, Morgah K, Crawford SB, Dorkenoo A, Sodahlon Y, Hawley W, Hightower AW, Ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, 2006. The burden of malaria at community-level in children less than five years of age in Togo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :622–629.
-
41
CDC, 2006. Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets during a polio immunization campaign–Niger, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 :913–916.
-
42
Fletcher LA, Erickson DJ, Toomey TL, Wagenaar AC, 2003. Handheld computers: a feasible alternative to paper forms for field data collection. Eval Rev 27 :165–178.
-
43
Lanata CF, Black RE, 1991. Lot quality assurance sampling techniques in health surveys in developing countries: advantages and current constraints. World Health Stat Q 44 :133–139.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 17 | 17 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 101 | 45 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 15 | 8 | 0 |
Use of Handheld Computers with Global Positioning Systems for Probability Sampling and Data Entry in Household Surveys
Jodi L. Vanden Eng
Jodi L. Vanden Eng
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Adam Wolkon
Adam Wolkon
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Anatoly S. Frolov
Anatoly S. Frolov
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Dianne J. Terlouw
Dianne J. Terlouw
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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M. James Eliades
M. James Eliades
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Kodjo Morgah
Kodjo Morgah
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Vincent Takpa
Vincent Takpa
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Aboudou Dare
Aboudou Dare
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Yao K. Sodahlon
Yao K. Sodahlon
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Yao Doumanou
Yao Doumanou
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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William A. Hawley
William A. Hawley
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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Allen W. Hightower
Allen W. Hightower
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Togolese Ministry of Health, Lome, Togo
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We introduce an innovative method that uses personal digital assistants (PDAs) equipped with global positioning system (GPS) units in household surveys to select a probability-based sample and perform PDA-based interviews. Our approach uses PDAs with GPS to rapidly map all households in selected areas, choose a random sample, and navigate back to the sampled households to conduct an interview. We present recent field experience in two large-scale nationally representative household surveys to assess insecticide-treated bed net coverage as part of malaria control efforts in Africa. The successful application of this method resulted in statistically valid samples; quality-controlled data entry; and rapid aggregation, analyses, and availability of preliminary results within days of completing the field work. We propose this method as an alternative to the Expanded Program on Immunization cluster sample method when a fast, statistically valid survey is required in an environment with little census information at the enumeration area level.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
World Health Organization, 1991. Training for Mid-Level Managers: The EPI Coverage Survey. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization, WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10.
-
2
Henderson RH, Sundaresan T, 1982. Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. Bull World Health Organ 60 :253–260.
-
3
Turner AG, Magnani RJ, Shuaib M, 1996. A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Cluster Survey design. Int J Epidemiol 25 :198–203.
-
4
Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL, 1991. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 44 :98–106.
-
5
Singh J, Jain DC, Sharma RS, Verghese T, 1996. Further observations on comparison of immunization coverage by lot quality assurance sampling and 30 cluster sampling. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 27 :267–273.
-
6
Katz J, Yoon SS, Brendel K, West KP Jr, 1997. Sampling designs for xerophthalmia prevalence surveys. Int J Epidemiol 26 :1041–1048.
-
7
Kok PW, 1986. Cluster sampling for immunization coverage. Soc Sci Med 22 :781–783.
-
8
Brogan D, Flagg EW, Deming M, Waldman R, 1994. Increasing the accuracy of the Expanded Programme on Immunization’s cluster survey design. Ann Epidemiol 4 :302–311.
-
9
Yoon SS, Katz J, Brendel K, West KP Jr, 1997. Efficiency of EPI cluster sampling for assessing diarrhoea and dysentery prevalence. Bull World Health Organ 75 :417–426.
-
10
Bennett S, Radalowicz A, Vella V, Tomkins A, 1994. A computer simulation of household sampling schemes for health surveys in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol 23 :1282–1291.
-
11
Ferrinho P, Valli A, Groeneveld T, Buch E, Coetzee D, 1992. The effects of cluster sampling in an African urban setting. Cent Afr J Med 38 :324–330.
-
12
Harris DR, Lemeshow S, 1991. Evaluation of the EPI survey methodology for estimating relative risk. World Health Stat Q 44 :107–114.
-
13
Cutts FT, 1988. The use of the WHO cluster survey method for evaluating the impact of the expanded programme on immunization on target disease incidence. J Trop Med Hyg 91 :231–239.
-
14
Lwanga SK, Abiprojo N, 1987. Immunization coverage surveys: methodological studies in Indonesia. Bull World Health Organ 65 :847–853.
-
15
Lemeshow S, Tserkovnyi AG, Tulloch JL, Dowd JE, Lwanga SK, Keja J, 1985. A computer simulation of the EPI survey strategy. Int J Epidemiol 14 :473–481.
-
16
Lemeshow S, Robinson D, 1985. Surveys to measure programme coverage and impact: a review of the methodology used by the expanded programme on immunization. World Health Stat Q 38 :65–75.
-
17
Bartley JB, Ferris DG, Allmond LM, Dickman ED, Dias JK, Lambert J, 2004. Personal digital assistants used to document compliance of bacterial vaginosis treatment. Sex Transm Dis 31 :488–491.
-
18
Vernez D, Poffet JM, Besrour A, 2004. Handheld-assisted field data collection for occupational risk assessment. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 10 :399–410.
-
19
Bobula JA, Anderson LS, Riesch SK, Canty-Mitchell J, Duncan A, Kaiser-Krueger HA, Brown RL, Angresano N, 2004. Enhancing survey data collection among youth and adults: use of handheld and laptop computers. Comput Inform Nurs 22 :2552–2565.
-
20
Koop A, Mosges R, 2002. The use of handheld computers in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 23 :469–480.
-
21
Carroll AE, Saluja S, Tarczy-Hornoch P, 2002. The implementation of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) based patient record and charting system: lessons learned. Proc AMIA Symp :111–115.
-
22
Garrity C, El Emam K, 2006. Who’s using PDAs? Estimates of PDA use by health care providers: a systematic review of surveys. J Med Internet Res 8 :e7.
-
23
Gupta PC, 1996. Survey of sociodemographic characteristics of tobacco use among 99,598 individuals in Bombay, India using handheld computers. Tob Control 5 :114–120.
-
24
SATELLIFE, 2005. Current and Completed SATELLIFE Projects Exploring the Use of Handheld Computers for Health. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.healthnet.org/pdaprojects.php
-
25
Grabowsky M, Nobiya T, Ahun M, Donna R, Lengor M, Zimmerman D, Ladd H, Hoekstra E, Bello A, Baffoe-Wilmot A, Amofah G, 2005. Distributing insecticide-treated bednets during measles vaccination: a low-cost means of achieving high and equitable coverage. Bull World Health Organ 83 :195–201.
-
26
Grabowsky M, Farrell N, Hawley W, Chimumbwa J, Hoyer S, Wolkon A, Selanikio J, 2005. Integrating insecticide-treated bednets into a measles vaccination campaign achieves high, rapid and equitable coverage with direct and voucher-based methods. Trop Med Int Health 10 :1151–1160.
-
27
Grabowsky M, Farrell N, Hawley W, Chimumbwa J, Nobiya T, Ahun M, Hoyer S, Wolkon A, Selanikio J, 2005. Ghana and Zambia: achieving equity in the distribution of insecticide-treated bednets through links with measles vaccination campaigns. HNP Discussion Paper Reaching the Poor Program Paper No. 10. Washington, DC: World Bank.
-
28
Keating J, MacIntyre K, Mbogo C, Githeko A, Regens JL, Swalm C, Ndenga B, Steinberg LJ, Kibe L, Githure JI, Beier JC, 2003. A geographic sampling strategy for studying relationships between human activity and malaria vectors in urban Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :357–365.
-
29
Dwolatzky B, Trengove E, Struthers H, McIntyre JA, Martinson NA, 2006. Linking the global positioning system (GPS) to a personal digital assistant (PDA) to support tuberculosis control in South Africa: a pilot study. Int J Health Geogr 16 :5–34.
-
30
French G, 1997. Understanding the GPS. Bethesda MD: Geo-Rearch Inc.
-
31
Coast Guard US, 2005. GPS General Information. US Coast Guard Navigational Center of Excellence. Available from http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/default.htm
-
32
Hirschelmann KH, 2002. NMEA 0813. Die GPS-Homepage von Klaus H. Hirschelmann. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.kh-gps.de/nmea-faq.htm
-
33
National Marine Electronic Association, 2003. NMEA 0183 Standard. National Marine Electronic Association Publications/Standards. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.nmea.org/pub/0183/index.html
-
34
Bennett P, 2006. Homepage. NMEA-0183 and GPS Information. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://vancouver-webpages.com/pub/peter/
-
35
Person J, 2004. Writing Your Own GPS Applications Part 2. Cited Mar 6, 2006. Available from http://www.codeproject.com/netcf/WritingGPSApplications2.asp
-
36
USGS FEWS, NET. 2006. Africa Data Dissemination Service. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/
-
37
ESRI Homepage. Geography Network. Cited Nov 6, 2006. Available from http://www.geographynetwork.com
-
38
Butler D, 2006. Virtual globes: The web-wide world. Nature 439 :776–778.
-
39
CDC, 2005. Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets during an integrated nationwide immunization campaign–Togo, west Africa December 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54 :994–996.
-
40
Eliades MJ, Wolkon A, Morgah K, Crawford SB, Dorkenoo A, Sodahlon Y, Hawley W, Hightower AW, Ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, 2006. The burden of malaria at community-level in children less than five years of age in Togo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :622–629.
-
41
CDC, 2006. Distribution of insecticide-treated bednets during a polio immunization campaign–Niger, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 :913–916.
-
42
Fletcher LA, Erickson DJ, Toomey TL, Wagenaar AC, 2003. Handheld computers: a feasible alternative to paper forms for field data collection. Eval Rev 27 :165–178.
-
43
Lanata CF, Black RE, 1991. Lot quality assurance sampling techniques in health surveys in developing countries: advantages and current constraints. World Health Stat Q 44 :133–139.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 17 | 17 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 101 | 45 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 15 | 8 | 0 |