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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins, 1043–1126.
-
2
Lindenbach BD, Rice CM, 2001. Flaviviridae: The Virus and Their Replication. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins.
-
3
Weaver SC, Barrett ADT, 2004. Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2 :789–801.
-
4
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
-
5
Blitvich BJ, Fernandez-Salas I, Contreras-Cordero JF, Marlenee NL, Gonzalez-Rojas JI, Komar N, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Coahuila State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :853–856.
-
6
Cruz L, Cardenas VM, Abarca M, Rodriguez T, Reyna RF, Serpas MV, Fontaine RE, Beasley DW, da Rosa AP, Weaver SC, Tesh RB, Powers AM, Suarez-Rangel G, 2005. Serological evidence of West Nile virus activity in El Salvador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :612–615.
-
7
Davis CT, Ebel GD, Lanciotti RS, Brault AC, Guzman H, Siirin M, Lambert A, Parsons RE, Beasley DW, Novak RJ, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Green EN, Young DS, Stark LM, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Tesh RB, Kramer LD, Barrett AD, 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001–2004: evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype. Virology 342 :252–265.
-
8
Dupuis AP, Marra PP, Kramer LD, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus transmission, Jamaica, West Indies. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :860–863.
-
9
Dupuis AP, Marra PP, Reitsma R, Jones MJ, Louie KL, Kramer LD, 2005. Serologic evidence for West Nile virus transmission in Puerto Rico and Cuba. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :474–476.
-
10
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286 :2333–2337.
-
11
Lorono-Pino MA, Blitvich BJ, Farfan-Ale JA, Puerto FI, Blanco JM, Marlenee NL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Garcia-Rejon J, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Yucatan State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :857–859.
-
12
Mattar S, Edwards E, Laguado J, Gonzalez M, Alvarez J, Komar N, 2005. West Nile virus antibodies in Columbian horses. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1497–1498.
-
13
Ebel GD, Carricaburu J, Young D, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2004. Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000–2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :493–500.
-
14
Snappin KW, Holmes EC, Young DS, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, Ebel GD, 2007. Declining growth rate of West Nile virus in North America. J Virol 81 :2531–2534.
-
15
Ciota AT, Lovelace AO, Ngo KA, Le AN, Maffei JG, Franke MA, Payne AF, Jones SA, Kauffman EB, Kramer LD, 2007. Cell-specific adaptation of two flaviviruses following serial passage in mosquito cell culture. Virology 357 :165–174.
-
16
Holland JJ, De La Torre JC, Clarke DK, Duarte E, 1991. Quantitation of relative fitness and great adaptability of clonal populations of RNA viruses. J Virol 65 :2960–2967.
-
17
Aitken THG, 1977. An in vitro feeding technique for artificially demonstrating virus transmission by mosquitoes. Mosq News 37 :130–133.
-
18
Novella IS, Ball LA, Wertz GW, 2004. Fitness analyses of vesicular stomatitis strains with rearranged genomes reveal replicative disadvantages. J Virol 78 :9837–9841.
-
19
Kramer LD, Ebel GD, 2003. Dynamics of flavivirus infection in mosquitoes. Adv Virus Res 60 :187–232.
-
20
Macdonald G, 1961. Epidemiologic models in studies of vector-borne diseases. Public Health Rep 76 :753–764.
-
21
Anderson JR, Rico-Hesse R, 2006. Aedes aegypti vectorial capacity is determined by the infecting genotype of dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :886–892.
-
22
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230 :244–251.
-
23
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J, 2004. Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :593–597.
-
24
Wittke V, Robb TE, Thu HM, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kalayanrooj S, Vaughn DW, Endy TP, Holmes EC, Aaskov JG, 2002. Extinction and rapid emergence of strains of dengue 3 virus during an interepidemic period. Virology 301 :148–156.
-
25
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2001. Differential susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to infection by the American and Southeast Asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1 :159–168.
-
26
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Efficiency of dengue serotype 2 virus strains to infect and disseminate in Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :539–544.
-
27
Cologna R, Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2005. Selection for virulent dengue viruses occurs in humans and mosquitoes. J Virol 79 :853–859.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 379 | 313 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 252 | 16 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 130 | 23 | 0 |
A Newly Emergent Genotype of West Nile Virus Is Transmitted Earlier and More Efficiently by Culex Mosquitoes
Robin M. Moudy
Robin M. Moudy
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Mark A. Meola
Mark A. Meola
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Laura-Lee L. Morin
Laura-Lee L. Morin
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Gregory D. Ebel
Gregory D. Ebel
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Laura D. Kramer
Laura D. Kramer
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
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Studies examining the evolution of West Nile virus since its introduction into North America have identified the emergence of a new dominant genotype (WN02) that has displaced the introduced genotype (NY99). The mechanistic basis for this displacement, however, remains obscure. Although we found no detectable difference in vitro between the genotypes in either replication or fitness, there were significant differences in vivo in Culex mosquitoes. After peroral infection, the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of the WN02 genotype was up to 4 days shorter than the EIP of the NY99 genotype; however, after intrathoracic inoculation, there was no difference in EIP between the genotypes, suggesting that differences in genotype interaction with the mosquito midgut are likely to play a role in this phenotype. These results suggest a model for the displacement of the NY99 genotype, where earlier transmission of WN02 viruses leads to higher WN02 infection rates in avian reservoir hosts.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1
Burke DS, Monath TP, 2001. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins, 1043–1126.
-
2
Lindenbach BD, Rice CM, 2001. Flaviviridae: The Virus and Their Replication. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins.
-
3
Weaver SC, Barrett ADT, 2004. Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2 :789–801.
-
4
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
-
5
Blitvich BJ, Fernandez-Salas I, Contreras-Cordero JF, Marlenee NL, Gonzalez-Rojas JI, Komar N, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Coahuila State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :853–856.
-
6
Cruz L, Cardenas VM, Abarca M, Rodriguez T, Reyna RF, Serpas MV, Fontaine RE, Beasley DW, da Rosa AP, Weaver SC, Tesh RB, Powers AM, Suarez-Rangel G, 2005. Serological evidence of West Nile virus activity in El Salvador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :612–615.
-
7
Davis CT, Ebel GD, Lanciotti RS, Brault AC, Guzman H, Siirin M, Lambert A, Parsons RE, Beasley DW, Novak RJ, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Green EN, Young DS, Stark LM, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Tesh RB, Kramer LD, Barrett AD, 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001–2004: evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype. Virology 342 :252–265.
-
8
Dupuis AP, Marra PP, Kramer LD, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus transmission, Jamaica, West Indies. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :860–863.
-
9
Dupuis AP, Marra PP, Reitsma R, Jones MJ, Louie KL, Kramer LD, 2005. Serologic evidence for West Nile virus transmission in Puerto Rico and Cuba. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :474–476.
-
10
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286 :2333–2337.
-
11
Lorono-Pino MA, Blitvich BJ, Farfan-Ale JA, Puerto FI, Blanco JM, Marlenee NL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Garcia-Rejon J, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Yucatan State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :857–859.
-
12
Mattar S, Edwards E, Laguado J, Gonzalez M, Alvarez J, Komar N, 2005. West Nile virus antibodies in Columbian horses. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :1497–1498.
-
13
Ebel GD, Carricaburu J, Young D, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2004. Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000–2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :493–500.
-
14
Snappin KW, Holmes EC, Young DS, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, Ebel GD, 2007. Declining growth rate of West Nile virus in North America. J Virol 81 :2531–2534.
-
15
Ciota AT, Lovelace AO, Ngo KA, Le AN, Maffei JG, Franke MA, Payne AF, Jones SA, Kauffman EB, Kramer LD, 2007. Cell-specific adaptation of two flaviviruses following serial passage in mosquito cell culture. Virology 357 :165–174.
-
16
Holland JJ, De La Torre JC, Clarke DK, Duarte E, 1991. Quantitation of relative fitness and great adaptability of clonal populations of RNA viruses. J Virol 65 :2960–2967.
-
17
Aitken THG, 1977. An in vitro feeding technique for artificially demonstrating virus transmission by mosquitoes. Mosq News 37 :130–133.
-
18
Novella IS, Ball LA, Wertz GW, 2004. Fitness analyses of vesicular stomatitis strains with rearranged genomes reveal replicative disadvantages. J Virol 78 :9837–9841.
-
19
Kramer LD, Ebel GD, 2003. Dynamics of flavivirus infection in mosquitoes. Adv Virus Res 60 :187–232.
-
20
Macdonald G, 1961. Epidemiologic models in studies of vector-borne diseases. Public Health Rep 76 :753–764.
-
21
Anderson JR, Rico-Hesse R, 2006. Aedes aegypti vectorial capacity is determined by the infecting genotype of dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :886–892.
-
22
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230 :244–251.
-
23
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J, 2004. Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :593–597.
-
24
Wittke V, Robb TE, Thu HM, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, Kalayanrooj S, Vaughn DW, Endy TP, Holmes EC, Aaskov JG, 2002. Extinction and rapid emergence of strains of dengue 3 virus during an interepidemic period. Virology 301 :148–156.
-
25
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2001. Differential susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to infection by the American and Southeast Asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1 :159–168.
-
26
Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Efficiency of dengue serotype 2 virus strains to infect and disseminate in Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :539–544.
-
27
Cologna R, Armstrong PM, Rico-Hesse R, 2005. Selection for virulent dengue viruses occurs in humans and mosquitoes. J Virol 79 :853–859.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 379 | 313 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 252 | 16 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 130 | 23 | 0 |