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Administrative Committee on Coordination/Standing Committee on Nutrition, ACC/SCN, 2000. Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. New York: United Nations.
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Allen LH, 2000. Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 71 :1280S–1284S.
Stivelman JC, 2000. Benefits of anaemia treatment on cognitive function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15 (Suppl 3):29–35.
Nelson M, 1996. Anaemia in adolescent girls: effects on cognitive function and activity. Proc Nutr Soc 55 :359–367.
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The highest prevalence of anemia exists in the developing world where its causes are multi-factorial. Anemia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). Understanding causes of anemia and potential mechanisms are crucial to our ability to intervene to reduce this burden. In the past decade, our understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of anemia in LDCs has advanced significantly. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the burden of anemia in specific sub-groups, the causes and mechanisms of anemia, and consequences of anemia for the human host.
Yip R, Ramakrishnan U, 2002. Experiences and challenges in developing countries. J Nutr 132 :827S–830S.
Administrative Committee on Coordination/Standing Committee on Nutrition, ACC/SCN, 2000. Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. New York: United Nations.
Haas JD, Brownlie TT, 2001. Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. J Nutr 131 :676S–688S.
Sabbatini P, 2000. The relationship between anemia and quality of life in cancer patients. Oncologist 5 (Suppl 2):19–23.
Allen LH, 2000. Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 71 :1280S–1284S.
Stivelman JC, 2000. Benefits of anaemia treatment on cognitive function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15 (Suppl 3):29–35.
Nelson M, 1996. Anaemia in adolescent girls: effects on cognitive function and activity. Proc Nutr Soc 55 :359–367.
World Health Organization, 2001. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Bruner AB, Joffe A, Duggan AK, Casella JF, Brandt J, 1996. Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. Lancet 348 :992–996.
Trowbridge F, Martorell R, 2002. Forging effective strategies to combat iron deficiency. Summary and recommendations. J Nutr 132 :875S–879S.
Levy JE, Jin O, Fujiwara Y, Kuo F, Andrews NC, 1999. Trans-ferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system. Nat Genet 21 :396–399.
Gambling L, Danzeisen R, Fosset C, Andersen HS, Dunford S, Srai SK, McArdle HJ, 2003. Iron and copper interactions in development and the effect on pregnancy outcome. J Nutr 133 :1554S–1556S.
Rao R, Georgieff MK, 2002. Perinatal aspects of iron metabolism. Acta Paediatr Suppl 91 :124–129.
Verhoeff FH, Brabin BJ, van Buuren S, Chimsuku L, Kazembe P, Wit JM, Broadhead RL, 2001. An analysis of intra-uterine growth retardation in rural Malawi. Eur J Clin Nutr 55 :682–689.
Allen LH, 2001. Biological mechanisms that might underlie iron’s effects on fetal growth and preterm birth. J Nutr 131 :581S–589S.
Rasmussen K, 2001. Is there a causal relationship between iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia and weight at birth, length of gestation and perinatal mortality? J Nutr 131 :590S–601S.
Cogswell ME, Parvanta I, Ickes L, Yip R, Brittenham GM, 2003. Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 78 :773–781.
Christian P, Khatry SK, Katz J, Pradhan EK, LeClerq SC, Shrestha SR, Adhikari RK, Sommer A, West KP Jr, 2003. Effects of alternative maternal micronutrient supplements on low birth weight in rural Nepal: double blind randomised community trial. BMJ 326 :571.
Rasmussen KM, Stoltzfus RJ, 2003. New evidence that iron supplementation during pregnancy improves birth weight: new scientific questions. Am J Clin Nutr 78 :673–674.
Tamura T, Picciano MF, 2006. Folate and human reproduction. Am J Clin Nutr 83 :993–1016.
Metz J, Zalusky R, Herbert V, 1968. Folic acid binding by serum and milk. Am J Clin Nutr 21 :289–297.
van den Broek NR, Letsky EA, 2000. Etiology of anemia in pregnancy in south Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr 72 :247S–256S.
Menendez C, Fleming AF, Alonso PL, 2000. Malaria-related anaemia. Parasitol Today 16 :469–476.
Fleming AF, 1989. Tropical obstetrics and gynaecology. 1. Anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83 :441–448.
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