Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Fraser DW, Campbell CC, Monath TP, Goff PA, Gregg MB, 1974. Lassa fever in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, 1970–1972. I. Epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :1131–1139.
-
2
Monath TP, Maher M, Casals J, Kissling RE, Cacciapuoti A, 1974. Lassa fever in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, 1970–1972. II. Clinical observations and virological studies on selected hospital cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :1140–1149.
-
3
Monath TP, Newhouse VF, Kemp GE, Setzer HW, Cacciapuoti A, 1974. Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone. Science 185 :263–265.
-
4
White HA, 1972. Lassa fever. A study of 23 hospital cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66 :390–401.
-
5
Frame JD, Baldwin JM Jr, Gocke DJ, Troup JM, 1970. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. I. Clinical description and pathological findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :670–676.
-
7
Monath TP, 1975. Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology. Bull World Health Organ 52(4–6): 577–592.
-
8
McCormick JB, 1987. Epidemiology and control of Lassa fever. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 134 :69–78.
-
9
McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW, Johnson KM, Smith ES, 1987. A prospective study of the epidemiology and ecology of Lassa fever. J Infect Dis 155 :437–444.
-
10
Monath TP, Mertens PE, Patton R, Moser CR, Baum JJ, Pinneo L, Gary GW, Kissling RE, 1973. A hospital epidemic of Lassa fever in Zorzor, Liberia, March–April 1972. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22 :773–779.
-
11
Fabiyi A, 1976. Lassa fever (arenaviruses) as a public health problem. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 10 :335–337.
-
12
Fisher-Hoch SP, Tomori O, Nasidi A, Perez-Oronoz GI, Fakile Y, Hutwagner L, McCormick JB, 1995. Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice. BMJ 311 :857–859.
-
13
Cummins D, Bennett D, Fisher-Hoch SP, Farrar B, Machin SJ, McCormick JB, 1992. Lassa fever encephalopathy: clinical and laboratory findings. J Trop Med Hyg 95 :197–201.
-
14
Ter Meulen J, Lukashevich I, Sidibe K, Inapoqui A, Marx M, Dorlemann A, Yansane ML, Koulemou K, Chang-Claude J, Schmitz H, 1996. Hunting of peridomestic rodents and consumption of their meat as possible risk factors for rodent-to-human transmission of Lassa virus in the Republic of Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :661–666.
-
15
Christensen JT, 1996. Home range and abundance of Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) in habitats affected by cultivation. Afr J Ecol 34 :298–311.
-
16
Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Statistics: Theory Methods 26 :1481–1496.
-
17
Isaacson M, 2001. Viral hemorrhagic fever hazards for travelers in Africa. Clin Infect Dis 33 :1707–1712.
-
18
Telford S, 1989. Population biology of the multimammate rat, Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis at Morogoro, Tanzania 1981–1985. Bull Florida State Mus Biol Ser 34 :249–287.
-
19
Yalley-Ogunro JE, Frame JD, Hanson AP, 1984. Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. VI. Village serological surveys for evidence of Lassa virus activity in Lofa County, Liberia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78 :764–770.
-
20
White J, 2003. Habitat manipulation and rodent damage control: reducing rodent damage in Australian macadamia orchards. Singleton GR, Hinds LA, Krebs CJ, Spratt DM, eds. Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 213–216.
-
21
Langton S, 2001. The occurrence of commensal rodents in dwellings as revealed by the 1996 English House Condition Survey. J Appl Ecol 38 :669–709.
-
22
Central Science Laboratory, York, 2005. Rodent infestations in domestic properties in England, 2001. A report arising from the 2001 English House Condition Survey. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
-
23
Keenlyside RA, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Smith E, Elliott L, Johnson KM, 1983. Case-control study of Mastomys natalensis and humans in Lassa virus-infected households in Sierra Le-one. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :829–837.
-
24
World Health Organization, 2004. WHO Communicable Disease Toolkit for Sierra Leone. Geneva: WHO.
-
25
Richmond JK, Baglole DJ, 2003. Lassa fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences. BMJ 327 :1271–1275.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 81 | 81 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 210 | 74 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 148 | 68 | 0 |
Poor Housing Quality Increases Risk of Rodent Infestation and Lassa Fever in Refugee Camps of Sierra Leone
Phillip Cullison Bonner
Phillip Cullison Bonner
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Phillip Cullison Bonner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Phillip Cullison Bonner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Wolf-Peter Schmidt
Wolf-Peter Schmidt
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Wolf-Peter Schmidt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wolf-Peter Schmidt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Steven R. Belmain
Steven R. Belmain
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Steven R. Belmain in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Steven R. Belmain in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Babafemi Oshin
Babafemi Oshin
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Babafemi Oshin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Babafemi Oshin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Debbie Baglole
Debbie Baglole
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Debbie Baglole in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Debbie Baglole in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Matthias Borchert
Matthias Borchert
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Disease Control & Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom; Merlin, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Merlin, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by Matthias Borchert in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Matthias Borchert in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in parts of West Africa, is a severe febrile illness transmitted to humans by the rodent Mastomys natalensis. To determine risk of Lassa fever in households in Sierra Leonean refugee camps, we analyzed the spatial relationships between households with a Lassa case and focal locations of potential rodent habitats. Quality and hygiene factors of households were assessed to determine possible risk factors for household rodent infestation and occurrence of Lassa fever. The odds to have a rat burrow were higher in case houses than in control houses (OR 24, 95% CI 6.0–93). Case houses scored significantly worse in the quality of housing and external hygiene. These findings suggest that risk of Lassa fever in refugee camps depends on individual housing quality and the hygiene of the immediate surrounding environment.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Fraser DW, Campbell CC, Monath TP, Goff PA, Gregg MB, 1974. Lassa fever in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, 1970–1972. I. Epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :1131–1139.
-
2
Monath TP, Maher M, Casals J, Kissling RE, Cacciapuoti A, 1974. Lassa fever in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, 1970–1972. II. Clinical observations and virological studies on selected hospital cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :1140–1149.
-
3
Monath TP, Newhouse VF, Kemp GE, Setzer HW, Cacciapuoti A, 1974. Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone. Science 185 :263–265.
-
4
White HA, 1972. Lassa fever. A study of 23 hospital cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66 :390–401.
-
5
Frame JD, Baldwin JM Jr, Gocke DJ, Troup JM, 1970. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. I. Clinical description and pathological findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 19 :670–676.
-
7
Monath TP, 1975. Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology. Bull World Health Organ 52(4–6): 577–592.
-
8
McCormick JB, 1987. Epidemiology and control of Lassa fever. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 134 :69–78.
-
9
McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW, Johnson KM, Smith ES, 1987. A prospective study of the epidemiology and ecology of Lassa fever. J Infect Dis 155 :437–444.
-
10
Monath TP, Mertens PE, Patton R, Moser CR, Baum JJ, Pinneo L, Gary GW, Kissling RE, 1973. A hospital epidemic of Lassa fever in Zorzor, Liberia, March–April 1972. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22 :773–779.
-
11
Fabiyi A, 1976. Lassa fever (arenaviruses) as a public health problem. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 10 :335–337.
-
12
Fisher-Hoch SP, Tomori O, Nasidi A, Perez-Oronoz GI, Fakile Y, Hutwagner L, McCormick JB, 1995. Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice. BMJ 311 :857–859.
-
13
Cummins D, Bennett D, Fisher-Hoch SP, Farrar B, Machin SJ, McCormick JB, 1992. Lassa fever encephalopathy: clinical and laboratory findings. J Trop Med Hyg 95 :197–201.
-
14
Ter Meulen J, Lukashevich I, Sidibe K, Inapoqui A, Marx M, Dorlemann A, Yansane ML, Koulemou K, Chang-Claude J, Schmitz H, 1996. Hunting of peridomestic rodents and consumption of their meat as possible risk factors for rodent-to-human transmission of Lassa virus in the Republic of Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :661–666.
-
15
Christensen JT, 1996. Home range and abundance of Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) in habitats affected by cultivation. Afr J Ecol 34 :298–311.
-
16
Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Statistics: Theory Methods 26 :1481–1496.
-
17
Isaacson M, 2001. Viral hemorrhagic fever hazards for travelers in Africa. Clin Infect Dis 33 :1707–1712.
-
18
Telford S, 1989. Population biology of the multimammate rat, Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis at Morogoro, Tanzania 1981–1985. Bull Florida State Mus Biol Ser 34 :249–287.
-
19
Yalley-Ogunro JE, Frame JD, Hanson AP, 1984. Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. VI. Village serological surveys for evidence of Lassa virus activity in Lofa County, Liberia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78 :764–770.
-
20
White J, 2003. Habitat manipulation and rodent damage control: reducing rodent damage in Australian macadamia orchards. Singleton GR, Hinds LA, Krebs CJ, Spratt DM, eds. Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 213–216.
-
21
Langton S, 2001. The occurrence of commensal rodents in dwellings as revealed by the 1996 English House Condition Survey. J Appl Ecol 38 :669–709.
-
22
Central Science Laboratory, York, 2005. Rodent infestations in domestic properties in England, 2001. A report arising from the 2001 English House Condition Survey. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
-
23
Keenlyside RA, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Smith E, Elliott L, Johnson KM, 1983. Case-control study of Mastomys natalensis and humans in Lassa virus-infected households in Sierra Le-one. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :829–837.
-
24
World Health Organization, 2004. WHO Communicable Disease Toolkit for Sierra Leone. Geneva: WHO.
-
25
Richmond JK, Baglole DJ, 2003. Lassa fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences. BMJ 327 :1271–1275.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 81 | 81 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 210 | 74 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 148 | 68 | 0 |