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-
1
Briese T, Jia XY, Huang C, Grady LJ, Lipkin WI, 1999. Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile-like flavivirus in brains of patients with New York encephalitis. Lancet 345 :1261–1262.
-
2
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
-
3
Reisen W, Lothrop H, Chiles R, Madon M, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer V, Edman J, 2004. West Nile virus in California. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1369–1378.
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4
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, 1997. Prevalence of antibodies to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in residents of California exposed to sporadic and consistent enzootic transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :526–529.
-
5
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1991. Imported dengue–United States, 1990. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 40 :519–520.
-
6
Martin DA, Biggerstaff BJ, Allen B, Johnson AJ, Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, 2002. Use of immunoglobulin M cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :544–549.
-
7
Weingartl HM, Drebot MA, Hubalek Z, Halouzka J, Andonova M, Dibernardo A, Cottam-Birt C, Larence J, Marszal P, 2003. Comparison of assays for the detection of West Nile virus antibodies in chicken serum. Can J Vet Res 67 :128–132.
-
8
Petersen LR, Roehrig JT, 2002. West Nile virus: A reemerging global pathogen. N Engl J Med 347 :1225–1226.
-
9
Lindenbach BD, Rice CM, 2001. Flaviviridae: The viruses and their replication. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 991–1002.
-
10
Cardosa MJ, Wang SM, Sum MS, Tio PH, 2002. Antibodies against prM protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses. BMC Microbiol 5 :2–9.
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11
Busch MP, Caglioti S, Robertson EF, McAuley JD, Tobler LH, Kamel H, Linnen JM, Shyamala V, Tomasulo P, Kleinman SH, 2005. Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing. N Engl J Med 353 :460–467.
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12
Busch MP, Wright DJ, Custer B, Tobler LH, Stramer SL, Kleinman SH, Prince HE, Bianco C, Foster G, Petersen LR, Nemo G, Glynn SA, 2006. West Nile virus infections projected from blood donor screening data, United States, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :395–402.
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13
Prince HE, Tobler LH, Lape-Nixon M, Foster GA, Stramer SL, Busch MP, 2005. Development and persistence of West Nile virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG in viremic blood donors. J Clin Microbiol 43 :4316–4320.
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14
Lindsey HS, Calisher CH, Mathews JH, 1976. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 4 :503–510.
-
15
Busch MP, Tobler LH, Saldanha J, Caglioti S, Shyamala V, Linnen JM, Gallarda J, Phelps B, Smith RI, Drebot M, Kleinman SH, 2005. Analytical and clinical sensitivity of West Nile virus RNA screening and supplemental assays available in 2003. Transfusion 45 :492–499.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 422 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 221 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 99 | 11 | 0 |
Flavivirus Serology by Western Blot Analysis
Leopoldo F. Oceguera III
Leopoldo F. Oceguera III
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Peter J. Patiris
Peter J. Patiris
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Robert E. Chiles
Robert E. Chiles
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Michael P. Busch
Michael P. Busch
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Leslie H. Tobler
Leslie H. Tobler
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Carl V. Hanson
Carl V. Hanson
California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, California; Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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The spread of West Nile virus (WNV) across the United States into areas with endemic flavivirus activity has complicated serologic surveillance of seasonal virus activity and diagnosis of infected individuals. Here we describe preliminary results from a comparison of serologic assays for flaviviruses: the reference plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and a Western blot (WB) in which crude viral lysates were electrophoresed and blotted onto nitrocellulose. Human and chicken sera were tested and compared by each method against WNV and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). Antibody binding to three viral proteins determined WB interpretation: non-structural protein 1 (NS1), envelope (E), and pre-membrane (prM). WB results for a group of serially collected human plasma samples from WNV seroconverting blood donors were also correlated with transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Reactivity with NS1 appeared to be the most useful differentiating marker of WNV and SLEV infection in humans and chickens. Envelope protein was highly cross-reactive and, as indicated by additional results from dengue virus (DENV)-positive human sera, is perhaps useful serologically as a flavivirus group antigen.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Briese T, Jia XY, Huang C, Grady LJ, Lipkin WI, 1999. Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile-like flavivirus in brains of patients with New York encephalitis. Lancet 345 :1261–1262.
-
2
Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :519–529.
-
3
Reisen W, Lothrop H, Chiles R, Madon M, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer V, Edman J, 2004. West Nile virus in California. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1369–1378.
-
4
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, 1997. Prevalence of antibodies to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in residents of California exposed to sporadic and consistent enzootic transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :526–529.
-
5
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1991. Imported dengue–United States, 1990. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 40 :519–520.
-
6
Martin DA, Biggerstaff BJ, Allen B, Johnson AJ, Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, 2002. Use of immunoglobulin M cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :544–549.
-
7
Weingartl HM, Drebot MA, Hubalek Z, Halouzka J, Andonova M, Dibernardo A, Cottam-Birt C, Larence J, Marszal P, 2003. Comparison of assays for the detection of West Nile virus antibodies in chicken serum. Can J Vet Res 67 :128–132.
-
8
Petersen LR, Roehrig JT, 2002. West Nile virus: A reemerging global pathogen. N Engl J Med 347 :1225–1226.
-
9
Lindenbach BD, Rice CM, 2001. Flaviviridae: The viruses and their replication. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 991–1002.
-
10
Cardosa MJ, Wang SM, Sum MS, Tio PH, 2002. Antibodies against prM protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses. BMC Microbiol 5 :2–9.
-
11
Busch MP, Caglioti S, Robertson EF, McAuley JD, Tobler LH, Kamel H, Linnen JM, Shyamala V, Tomasulo P, Kleinman SH, 2005. Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing. N Engl J Med 353 :460–467.
-
12
Busch MP, Wright DJ, Custer B, Tobler LH, Stramer SL, Kleinman SH, Prince HE, Bianco C, Foster G, Petersen LR, Nemo G, Glynn SA, 2006. West Nile virus infections projected from blood donor screening data, United States, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :395–402.
-
13
Prince HE, Tobler LH, Lape-Nixon M, Foster GA, Stramer SL, Busch MP, 2005. Development and persistence of West Nile virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG in viremic blood donors. J Clin Microbiol 43 :4316–4320.
-
14
Lindsey HS, Calisher CH, Mathews JH, 1976. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 4 :503–510.
-
15
Busch MP, Tobler LH, Saldanha J, Caglioti S, Shyamala V, Linnen JM, Gallarda J, Phelps B, Smith RI, Drebot M, Kleinman SH, 2005. Analytical and clinical sensitivity of West Nile virus RNA screening and supplemental assays available in 2003. Transfusion 45 :492–499.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 422 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 221 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 99 | 11 | 0 |