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Reference Manager
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-
1
Byass P, Hanlon PW, 1994. Daily morbidity records: recall and reliability. Int J Epidemiol 23 :757–763.
-
2
Cohen D, Monroe SS, Haim M, Slepon R, Ashkenazi I, Estes MK, Glass RI, 2002. Norwalk virus gastroenteritis among Israeli soldiers: lack of evidence for flyborne transmission. Infection 30 :3–6.
-
3
Cohen D, Green M, Block C, Slepon R, Ambar R, Wasserman SS, Levine MM, 1991. Reduction of transmission of shigellosis by control of houseflies (Musca domestica). Lancet 344 :993–997.
-
4
Reller ME, Mendoza CE, Lopez MB, Alvarez M, Hoekstra RM, Olson CA, Baier KG, Keswick BH, Luby SP, 2003. A randomized controlled trial of household based flocculent-disinfectant drinking water treatment for diarrhea prevention in rural Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :411–419.
-
5
Rangel JM, Lopez B, Mejia MA, Mendoza C, Luby S, 2003. A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala. J Water Health 1 :15–22.
-
6
Steinberg EB, Mendoza CE, Glass R, Arana B, Lopez MB, Mejia M, Gold BD, Priest JW, Bibb W, Monroe SS, Bern C, Bell BP, Hoekstra RM, Klein R, Mintz ED, Luby S, 2004. Prevalence of infection with waterborne pathogens: a seroepidemiologic study in children 6–36 months old in San Juan Sacatepéquez, Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :83–88.
-
7
Priest JW, Li A, Khan M, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ, Ong CS, Roberts JM, Isaac-Renton J, 2001. Enzyme immunoassay detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from patients with cryptosporidiosis. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 8 :415–423.
-
8
Priest JW, Kwon JP, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ, 2000. Cloning of the immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 106 :261–271.
-
9
Priest JW, Bern C, Roberts JM, Kwon JP, Lescano AG, Checkley W, Cabrera L, Moss DM, Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Lammie PJ, 2005. Changes in serum immunoglobulin G levels as a marker for Cryptosporidium sp. infection in Peruvian children. J Clin Microbiol 43 :5298–5300.
-
10
Peattie DA, Alonso RA, Hein A, Caulfield JP, 1989. Ultrastructural localization of giardins to the edges of disk microribbons of Giardia lamblia and the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of alpha giardin. J Cell Biol 109 :2323–2335.
-
11
Palm JE, Weiland ME, Griffiths WJ, Ljungstrom I, Svard SG, 2003. Identification of immunoreactive proteins during active human giardiasis. J Infect Dis 187 :1849–1859.
-
12
Levine MM, Young CR, Black RE, Takeda Y, Finkelstein RA, 1985. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure antibodies to purified heat-labile enterotoxins from human and porcine strains of Escherichia coli and to cholera toxin: application in serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 21 :174–179.
-
13
Noel JS, Ando T, Leite JP, Green KY, Dingle KE, Estes MK, Seto Y, Monroe SS, Glass RI, 1997. Correlation of patient immune responses with genetically characterized small round-structured viruses involved in outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in the United States, 1990 to 1995. J Med Virol 53 :372–383.
-
14
Priest JW, Bern C, Xiaom L, Roberts JM, Kwon JP, Lescano AG, Checkley W, Cabrera L, Moss DM, Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Lammie PJ, 2006. Longitudinal analysis of Cryptosporidium species-specific immunoglobulin G antibody responses in Peruvian children. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 :123–131.
-
15
Colford JM Jr, Saha SR, Wade TJ, Wright CC, Vu M, Charles S, Jensen P, Hubbard A, Levy DA, Eisenberg JN, 2005. A pilot randomized, controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention among HIV+ persons. J Water Health 3 :173–184.
-
16
Colford JM, Rees JR, Wade TJ, Khalakdina A, Hilton JF, Ergas IJ, Burns S, Benker A, Ma C, Bowen C, Mills DC, Vugia DJ, Juranek DD, Levy DA, 2002. Participant blinding and gastrointestinal illness in a randomized, controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :29–36.
-
17
Kirchhoff LV, McClelland KE, Do Carmo Pinho M, Araujo JG, De Sousa MA, Guerrant RL, 1985. Feasibility and efficacy of in-home water chlorination in rural north-eastern Brazil. J Hyg (Lond) 94 :173–180.
-
18
Chiller TM, Mendoza CE, Lopez MB, Alvarez M, Hoekstra RM, Luby SP, 2006. Reducing diarrhoea in Guatemalan children: a randomised controlled trial of flocculant-disinfectant of drinking water. Bull World Health Organ 84 :28–35.
-
19
Souter PF, Cruickshank GD, Tankerville MZ, Keswick BH, Ellis BD, Langworthy DE, Metz KA, Appleby MR, Hamilton N, Jones AL, Perry JD, 2003. Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove mi-croorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1 :73–84.
-
20
Widdowson M-A, Sulka A, Bulens SN, Beard RS, Chaves SS, Hammond R, Salehi EDP, Swanson E, Totaro J, Woron R, Mead PS, Bresee JS, Monroe SS, Glass RI, 2005. Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991–2001. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :95–102.
-
21
Crump JA, Corder JR, Henshaw NG, Reller LB, 2004. Development, implementation, and impact of acceptability criteria for serologic tests for infectious diseases. J Clin Microbiol 42 :881–883.
-
22
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
-
23
Morris SS, Cousens SN, Kirkwood BR, Arthur P, Ross DA, 1996. Is prevalence of diarrhea a better predictor of subsequent mortality and weight gain than diarrhea incidence? Am J Epide-miol 144 :582–588.
-
24
Guerrant RL, Kosek M, Moore S, Lorntz B, Brantley R, Lima AA, 2002. Magnitude and impact of diarrheal diseases. Arch Med Res 33 :351–355.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 16 | 16 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 115 | 64 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 54 | 28 | 0 |
Comparing Serologic Response against Enteric Pathogens with Reported Diarrhea to Assess the Impact of Improved Household Drinking Water Quality
John A. Crump
John A. Crump
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Carlos E. Mendoza
Carlos E. Mendoza
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Jeffrey W. Priest
Jeffrey W. Priest
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Roger I. Glass
Roger I. Glass
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Stephan S. Monroe
Stephan S. Monroe
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Leslie A. Dauphin
Leslie A. Dauphin
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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William F. Bibb
William F. Bibb
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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M. Beatriz Lopez
M. Beatriz Lopez
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Maricruz Alvarez
Maricruz Alvarez
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Eric D. Mintz
Eric D. Mintz
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Stephen P. Luby
Stephen P. Luby
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases; Division of Parasitic Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office for Central America and Panama, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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We evaluated enteric infection serology as an alternative outcome measure to diarrhea prevalence in a randomized controlled trial of household-based drinking water treatment; 492 households were randomly assigned to 5 household-based water treatment interventions or control. Individuals were followed weekly over 52 weeks to measure diarrhea prevalence. Study subjects of age ≤ 6 months and < 24 months had blood drawn at entry and exit from the study or age cohort. Serologic assays for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Norovirus were done. Of 343 subjects eligible for the study, the proportions of subjects experiencing serologic responses were 56% for Norovirus, 24% for C. parvum, 10% for ETEC, and 16% for G. intestinalis. Serologic response was associated with increased diarrhea prevalence only for G. intestinalis (P = 0.0134). Serologic response to the antigens tested for G. intestinalis but not for Norovirus, C. parvum, and ETEC may be a useful health-effect measure. Larger intervention studies that yield a more marked effect on diarrheal disease, use additional and improved serologic assays, and that collect serum samples at more frequent intervals are needed.
Author Notes
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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1
Byass P, Hanlon PW, 1994. Daily morbidity records: recall and reliability. Int J Epidemiol 23 :757–763.
-
2
Cohen D, Monroe SS, Haim M, Slepon R, Ashkenazi I, Estes MK, Glass RI, 2002. Norwalk virus gastroenteritis among Israeli soldiers: lack of evidence for flyborne transmission. Infection 30 :3–6.
-
3
Cohen D, Green M, Block C, Slepon R, Ambar R, Wasserman SS, Levine MM, 1991. Reduction of transmission of shigellosis by control of houseflies (Musca domestica). Lancet 344 :993–997.
-
4
Reller ME, Mendoza CE, Lopez MB, Alvarez M, Hoekstra RM, Olson CA, Baier KG, Keswick BH, Luby SP, 2003. A randomized controlled trial of household based flocculent-disinfectant drinking water treatment for diarrhea prevention in rural Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :411–419.
-
5
Rangel JM, Lopez B, Mejia MA, Mendoza C, Luby S, 2003. A novel technology to improve drinking water quality: a microbiological evaluation of in-home flocculation and chlorination in rural Guatemala. J Water Health 1 :15–22.
-
6
Steinberg EB, Mendoza CE, Glass R, Arana B, Lopez MB, Mejia M, Gold BD, Priest JW, Bibb W, Monroe SS, Bern C, Bell BP, Hoekstra RM, Klein R, Mintz ED, Luby S, 2004. Prevalence of infection with waterborne pathogens: a seroepidemiologic study in children 6–36 months old in San Juan Sacatepéquez, Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :83–88.
-
7
Priest JW, Li A, Khan M, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ, Ong CS, Roberts JM, Isaac-Renton J, 2001. Enzyme immunoassay detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from patients with cryptosporidiosis. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 8 :415–423.
-
8
Priest JW, Kwon JP, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ, 2000. Cloning of the immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 106 :261–271.
-
9
Priest JW, Bern C, Roberts JM, Kwon JP, Lescano AG, Checkley W, Cabrera L, Moss DM, Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Lammie PJ, 2005. Changes in serum immunoglobulin G levels as a marker for Cryptosporidium sp. infection in Peruvian children. J Clin Microbiol 43 :5298–5300.
-
10
Peattie DA, Alonso RA, Hein A, Caulfield JP, 1989. Ultrastructural localization of giardins to the edges of disk microribbons of Giardia lamblia and the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of alpha giardin. J Cell Biol 109 :2323–2335.
-
11
Palm JE, Weiland ME, Griffiths WJ, Ljungstrom I, Svard SG, 2003. Identification of immunoreactive proteins during active human giardiasis. J Infect Dis 187 :1849–1859.
-
12
Levine MM, Young CR, Black RE, Takeda Y, Finkelstein RA, 1985. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure antibodies to purified heat-labile enterotoxins from human and porcine strains of Escherichia coli and to cholera toxin: application in serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 21 :174–179.
-
13
Noel JS, Ando T, Leite JP, Green KY, Dingle KE, Estes MK, Seto Y, Monroe SS, Glass RI, 1997. Correlation of patient immune responses with genetically characterized small round-structured viruses involved in outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in the United States, 1990 to 1995. J Med Virol 53 :372–383.
-
14
Priest JW, Bern C, Xiaom L, Roberts JM, Kwon JP, Lescano AG, Checkley W, Cabrera L, Moss DM, Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Lammie PJ, 2006. Longitudinal analysis of Cryptosporidium species-specific immunoglobulin G antibody responses in Peruvian children. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 :123–131.
-
15
Colford JM Jr, Saha SR, Wade TJ, Wright CC, Vu M, Charles S, Jensen P, Hubbard A, Levy DA, Eisenberg JN, 2005. A pilot randomized, controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention among HIV+ persons. J Water Health 3 :173–184.
-
16
Colford JM, Rees JR, Wade TJ, Khalakdina A, Hilton JF, Ergas IJ, Burns S, Benker A, Ma C, Bowen C, Mills DC, Vugia DJ, Juranek DD, Levy DA, 2002. Participant blinding and gastrointestinal illness in a randomized, controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :29–36.
-
17
Kirchhoff LV, McClelland KE, Do Carmo Pinho M, Araujo JG, De Sousa MA, Guerrant RL, 1985. Feasibility and efficacy of in-home water chlorination in rural north-eastern Brazil. J Hyg (Lond) 94 :173–180.
-
18
Chiller TM, Mendoza CE, Lopez MB, Alvarez M, Hoekstra RM, Luby SP, 2006. Reducing diarrhoea in Guatemalan children: a randomised controlled trial of flocculant-disinfectant of drinking water. Bull World Health Organ 84 :28–35.
-
19
Souter PF, Cruickshank GD, Tankerville MZ, Keswick BH, Ellis BD, Langworthy DE, Metz KA, Appleby MR, Hamilton N, Jones AL, Perry JD, 2003. Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove mi-croorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1 :73–84.
-
20
Widdowson M-A, Sulka A, Bulens SN, Beard RS, Chaves SS, Hammond R, Salehi EDP, Swanson E, Totaro J, Woron R, Mead PS, Bresee JS, Monroe SS, Glass RI, 2005. Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991–2001. Emerg Infect Dis 11 :95–102.
-
21
Crump JA, Corder JR, Henshaw NG, Reller LB, 2004. Development, implementation, and impact of acceptability criteria for serologic tests for infectious diseases. J Clin Microbiol 42 :881–883.
-
22
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
-
23
Morris SS, Cousens SN, Kirkwood BR, Arthur P, Ross DA, 1996. Is prevalence of diarrhea a better predictor of subsequent mortality and weight gain than diarrhea incidence? Am J Epide-miol 144 :582–588.
-
24
Guerrant RL, Kosek M, Moore S, Lorntz B, Brantley R, Lima AA, 2002. Magnitude and impact of diarrheal diseases. Arch Med Res 33 :351–355.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 16 | 16 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 115 | 64 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 54 | 28 | 0 |