AN OUTBREAK OF DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE 1 INFECTION IN CIXI, NINGBO, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2004, ASSOCIATED WITH A TRAVELER FROM THAILAND AND HIGH DENSITY OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS

GUOZHANG XU Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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HONGJUN DONG Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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NANFENG SHI Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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SHIJIAN LIU Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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AIMING ZHOU Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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ZHIHUA CHENG Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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GUOHUA CHEN Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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JIANYI LIU Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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TING FANG Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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HONGWEI ZHANG Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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CHUNYING GU Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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XIAOJIE TAN Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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JIANJIE YE Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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SHUYUN XIE Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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GUANGWEN CAO Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

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Autochthonous dengue infections have not been reported in Ningbo, People’s Republic of China since 1929. In August–October 2004, an outbreak of dengue fever was confirmed in Xiaolin, Cixi, Ningbo. Of 83 cases reported, 68 were laboratory confirmed. Fifty-three percent (34 of 64) of the cases had IgM antibodies to dengue virus. Dengue virus serotype-1 was isolated from two cases. The outbreak was linked to a traveler who returned from Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ningbo isolate was closely associated to strains from Thailand. Prevalence of dengue-specific IgG in asymptomatic residents was significantly higher in the epidemic-stricken area than in a control area. High density of Aedes albopictus, which resulted from waterlogging caused by Typhoon Rananim and lifestyle of local residents, was responsible for rapid spread of the virus. Eradication of mosquito infestation might interrupt transmission. This outbreak underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential vectors for the control of emerging infectious diseases.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Guangwen Cao, Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang-yin Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China, Telephone: 86-21-25070420, E-mail: gcao@smmu.edu.cn.
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