Shiga K, 1898. Ueber den Dysenterie-bacillus (Bacillus dysenteriae). Zentralbl Bakteriol 24 :817–828.
Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, Sansonetti PJ, Adak GK, Levine MM, 1999. Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull WHO. 77 :651–666.
Mendizabal-Morris CA, Mata LJ, Gangarosa EJ, Guzman G, 1971. Epidemic Shiga-bacillus dysentery in Central America. Derivation of the epidemic and its progression in Guatemala, 1968–69. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :927–933.
Guerin PJ, Brasher C, Baron E, Mic D, Grimont F, Ryan M, Aavitsland P, Legros D, 2003. Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in west Africa: intervention strategy for an outbreak in Sierra Leone. Lancet 362 :705–706.
Talukder KA, Islam MA, Khajanchi BK, Dutta DK, Islam Z, Safa A, Alam K, Hossain A, Nair GB, Sack DA, 2003. Temporal shifts in the dominance of serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5053–5058.
Strachan NJ, Doyle MP, Kasuga F, Rotariu O, Ogden ID, 2005. Dose response modelling of Escherichia coli O157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks. Int J Food Microbiol 103 :35–47.
Cherla RP, Lee S, Tesh VL, 2003. Shiga toxins and apoptosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 228 :159–166.
Unkmeir A, Schmidt H, 2000. Structural analysis of phage-borne stx genes and their flanking sequences in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. Infect Immun 68 :4856–4864.
Paton JC, Paton AW, 1998. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 11 :450–479.
Beutin L, Strauch E, Fischer I, 1999. Isolation of Shigella sonnei lysogenic for a bacteriophage encoding gene for production of Shiga toxin. Lancet 353 :1498.
Reischl U, Youssef MT, Kilwinski J, Lehn N, Zhang WL, Karch H, Strockbine NA, 2002. 2002. Real-time fluorescence PCR assays for detection and characterization of Shiga toxin, in-timin, and enterohemolysin genes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.J Clin Microbiol 40 :2555–2565.
Sethabutr O, Echeverria P, Hoge CW, Bodhidatta L, Pitarangsi C, 1994. Detection of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by PCR in the stools of patients with dysentery in Thailand. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 12 :265–269.
Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ, 2006. Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Food-borne Pathogens Dis. 3 :59–67.
Talukder KA, Khajanchi BK, Dutta DK, Islam Z, Islam MA, Iqbal MS, Nair GB, Sack DA, 2005. An unusual cluster of dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae type 4 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Med Microbiol 54 :511–513.
Legros D, 2004. Shigellosis. report of a workshop. J Health Popul Nutr 22 :445–449.
Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2006. The use of systemic fluoroquinolones. Pediatrics 18 :1287–1292.
Miron D, Torem M, Merom R, Colodner R, 2004. Azithromycin as an alternative to nalidixic acid in the therapy of childhood shigellosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 23 :367–368.
Thiem VD, Sethabutr O, von Seidlein L, Tung TV, Canh DG, Chien BT, Tho LH, Lee H, Huong HS, Hale TL, Clemens JD, Mason C, Trach DD, 2004. Detection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 42 :2031–2035.
Dutta S, Chatterjee A, Dutta P, Rajendran K, Roy S, Pramanik KC, Bhattacharya SK, 2001. Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol 50 :667–674.
Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV, Hennessy T, Griffin PM, DuPont H, Sack RB, Tarr P, Neill M, Nachamkin I, Reller LB, Osterholm MT, Bennish ML, Pickering LK, 2001. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 32 :331–351.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006. Importance of culture confirmation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection as illustrated by outbreaks of gastroenteritis—New York and North Carolina, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 :1042–1045.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. University outbreak of calicivirus infection mistakenly attributed to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7–Virginia, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 :489–491.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Abstract Views | 235 | 196 | 68 |
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Shiga toxins are produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Three cases of Shiga toxin–producing S. dysenteriae type 4 were identified among travelers to the island of Hispañola between 2002 and 2005. Clinical and public health practitioners should be aware of this newly identified strain.
Shiga K, 1898. Ueber den Dysenterie-bacillus (Bacillus dysenteriae). Zentralbl Bakteriol 24 :817–828.
Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, Clemens JD, Swerdlow DL, Sansonetti PJ, Adak GK, Levine MM, 1999. Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull WHO. 77 :651–666.
Mendizabal-Morris CA, Mata LJ, Gangarosa EJ, Guzman G, 1971. Epidemic Shiga-bacillus dysentery in Central America. Derivation of the epidemic and its progression in Guatemala, 1968–69. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :927–933.
Guerin PJ, Brasher C, Baron E, Mic D, Grimont F, Ryan M, Aavitsland P, Legros D, 2003. Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in west Africa: intervention strategy for an outbreak in Sierra Leone. Lancet 362 :705–706.
Talukder KA, Islam MA, Khajanchi BK, Dutta DK, Islam Z, Safa A, Alam K, Hossain A, Nair GB, Sack DA, 2003. Temporal shifts in the dominance of serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5053–5058.
Strachan NJ, Doyle MP, Kasuga F, Rotariu O, Ogden ID, 2005. Dose response modelling of Escherichia coli O157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks. Int J Food Microbiol 103 :35–47.
Cherla RP, Lee S, Tesh VL, 2003. Shiga toxins and apoptosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 228 :159–166.
Unkmeir A, Schmidt H, 2000. Structural analysis of phage-borne stx genes and their flanking sequences in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. Infect Immun 68 :4856–4864.
Paton JC, Paton AW, 1998. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 11 :450–479.
Beutin L, Strauch E, Fischer I, 1999. Isolation of Shigella sonnei lysogenic for a bacteriophage encoding gene for production of Shiga toxin. Lancet 353 :1498.
Reischl U, Youssef MT, Kilwinski J, Lehn N, Zhang WL, Karch H, Strockbine NA, 2002. 2002. Real-time fluorescence PCR assays for detection and characterization of Shiga toxin, in-timin, and enterohemolysin genes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.J Clin Microbiol 40 :2555–2565.
Sethabutr O, Echeverria P, Hoge CW, Bodhidatta L, Pitarangsi C, 1994. Detection of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by PCR in the stools of patients with dysentery in Thailand. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 12 :265–269.
Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB, Swaminathan B, Barrett TJ, 2006. Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Food-borne Pathogens Dis. 3 :59–67.
Talukder KA, Khajanchi BK, Dutta DK, Islam Z, Islam MA, Iqbal MS, Nair GB, Sack DA, 2005. An unusual cluster of dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae type 4 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Med Microbiol 54 :511–513.
Legros D, 2004. Shigellosis. report of a workshop. J Health Popul Nutr 22 :445–449.
Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2006. The use of systemic fluoroquinolones. Pediatrics 18 :1287–1292.
Miron D, Torem M, Merom R, Colodner R, 2004. Azithromycin as an alternative to nalidixic acid in the therapy of childhood shigellosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 23 :367–368.
Thiem VD, Sethabutr O, von Seidlein L, Tung TV, Canh DG, Chien BT, Tho LH, Lee H, Huong HS, Hale TL, Clemens JD, Mason C, Trach DD, 2004. Detection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 42 :2031–2035.
Dutta S, Chatterjee A, Dutta P, Rajendran K, Roy S, Pramanik KC, Bhattacharya SK, 2001. Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol 50 :667–674.
Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV, Hennessy T, Griffin PM, DuPont H, Sack RB, Tarr P, Neill M, Nachamkin I, Reller LB, Osterholm MT, Bennish ML, Pickering LK, 2001. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 32 :331–351.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006. Importance of culture confirmation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection as illustrated by outbreaks of gastroenteritis—New York and North Carolina, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 :1042–1045.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001. University outbreak of calicivirus infection mistakenly attributed to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7–Virginia, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 :489–491.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 235 | 196 | 68 |
Full Text Views | 443 | 9 | 6 |
PDF Downloads | 89 | 7 | 4 |