Authors:
, , , , , , and
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen nov., as Orientia tsutusgamushi comb. Nov.Int J Syst Bacteriol 45 :589–591.
-
2
Strickman D, Tanskul P, Eamsila C, Kelly DJ, 1994. Prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in the human population of suburban Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :149–153.
-
3
Fan MY, Walker DH, Yu SR, Liu QH, 1987. Epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the People’s Republic of China. Rev Infect Dis 9 :823–840.
-
4
Horinouchi H, Murai K, Okayama A, Nagatomo Y, Tachibana N, Tsubouchi H, 1997. Prevalence of genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients with scrub typhus in Miyazaki Prefecture. Microbiol Immunol 41 :503–507.
-
5
Fang CT, Ferng WF, Hwang JJ, Yu CJ, Chen YC, Wang MH, Chang SC, Hsieh WC, 1997. Life-threatening scrub typhus with meningoencephalitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 96 :213–216.
-
6
Yi KS, Chong Y, Covington SC, Donahue BJ, Rothen RL, Rodriguez J, Arthur JD, 1993. Scrub typhus in Korea: Importance of early clinical diagnosis in this newly recognized endemic area. Mil Med 158 :269–273.
-
7
Currie B, O’Connor L, Dwyer B, 1993. A new focus of scrub typhus in tropical Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :425–429.
-
8
Tsay RW, Chang FY, 1998. Serious complications in scrub typhus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31 :240–244.
-
9
Aronoff DM, Watt G, 2003. Prevalence of relative bradycardia in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :477– 479.
-
10
Silpapojakul K, Ukkachoke C, Krisanapan S, Silpapojakul K, 1991. Rickettsial meningitis and encephalitis. Arch Intern Med 151 :1753–1757.
-
11
Premaratna R, Chandrasena TG, Dassayake AS, Loftis AD, Dasch GA, de Silva HJ, 2006. Acute hearing loss due to scrub typhus: a forgotten complication of a reemerging disease. Clin Infect Dis 42 :e6–e8.
-
12
Chang JH, Ju MS, Chang JE, Park YS, Han WS, Kim IS, Chang WH, 2000. Pericarditis due to Tsutsugamushi disease. Scand J Infect Dis 32 :101–102.
-
13
Hu ML, Liu JW, Wu KL, Lu SN, Chiou SS, Kuo CH, Chuah SK, Wang JH, Hu TH, Chiu KW, Lee CM, Changchien CS, 2005. Short report: Abnormal liver function in scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :667–668.
-
14
Ichimura K, Uchida Y, Arai K, Nakazawa K, Sasaki J, Kobayashi K, Iwai K, Kubo N, 2002. Afebrile scrub typhus (Tsutsugamushi disease) with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intern Med 41 :667–670.
-
15
Tsay RW, Chang FY, 2002. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in scrub typhus. QJM 95: 126–128.
-
16
Chi WC, Huang JJ, Sung JM, Lan RR, Ko WC, Chen FF, 1997. Scrub typhus associated with multiorgan failure: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 29 :634–635.
-
17
Lee WS, Wang FD, Wang LS, Wong WW, Young D, Fung CP, Liu CY, 1995. Scrub typhus complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome: a report of two cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 56 :205–210.
-
18
Park JS, Jee YK, Lee KY, Kim KY, Myong NH, Seo PW, 2000. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with scrub typhus: diffuse alveolar damage without pulmonary vasculitis. J Korean Med Sci 15 :343–345.
-
19
Wang CC, Lai YF, Wong SL, 1999. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by scrub typhus—a case report. Thorac Med 14 :89–93.
-
20
Ho M, 1998. Current outlook of infectious diseases in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31 :73–83.
-
21
Gale JL, Irving GS, Wang HC, Lien JC, Chen WF, Cross JH, 1974. Scrub typhus in eastern Taiwan, 1970. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :679–684.
-
22
Furuya Y, Yoshida Y, Katayama T, Yamamoto S, Kawamura A, 1993. Serotype-specific amplification of Rickettsia tsutusgamushi DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 31 :1637–1643.
-
23
Robinson DM, Brown G, Gan E, Huxsoll DL, 1976. Adaptation of microimmunofluorescence test to the study of human Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :900– 905.
-
24
Jiang J, Marienau KJ, May LA, Beecham HJ 3rd, Wilkinson R, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2003. Laboratory diagnosis of two scrub typhus outbreaks at Camp Fuji, Japan in 2000 and 2001 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rapid flow assay, and Western blot assay using outer membrane 56-kD recombinant proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :60–66.
-
25
Chen HL, Shieh GJ, Chen HY, Horng CB, 1995. Isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from the blood samples of patients in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 94 :S112–S119.
-
26
Centers for Disease Control, Republic of China (Taiwan). Available from http://www.cdc.gov.tw
-
27
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R, 1994. The American-European consensus conference on ARDS: Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 :818–824.
-
28
Chayakul P, Panich V, Silpapojakul K, 1988. Scrub typhus pneumonitis: an entity which is frequently missed. Q J Med 68 :595–602.
-
29
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79 :26–30.
-
30
Sheehy TW, Hazlett D, Turk RE, 1973. Scrub typhus. A comparison of chloramphenicol and tetracycline in its treatment. Arch Intern Med 132 :77–80.
-
31
Song JH, Lee C, Chang WH, Choi SW, Choi JE, Kim YS, Cho SR, Ryu J, Pai CH, 1995. Short-course doxycycline treatment versus conventional tetracycline therapy for scrub typhus: a multicenter randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 21 :506–510.
-
32
Milberg JA, Davis DR, Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, 1995. Improved survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): 1983–1993. JAMA 273: 306–309.
-
33
Stapleton RD, Wang BM, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell ES, Steinberg KP, 2005. Causes and timing of death in patients with ARDS. Chest 128 :525–532.
-
34
Abel SJ, Finney SJ, Brett SJ, Keogh BF, Morgan CJ, Evans TW, 1998. Reduced mortality in association with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thorax 53 :292–294.
-
35
Luhr OR, Antonsen K, Karlsson M, Aardal S, Thorsteinsson A, Frostell CG, Bonde J, 1999. Incidence and mortality after acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 :1849–1861.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 394 | 249 | 17 |
| Full Text Views | 386 | 13 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 174 | 11 | 2 |
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN SCRUB TYPHUS
CHIN-CHOU WANG
CHIN-CHOU WANG
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by CHIN-CHOU WANG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by CHIN-CHOU WANG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
SHIH-FENG LIU
SHIH-FENG LIU
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by SHIH-FENG LIU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by SHIH-FENG LIU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
JIEN-WEI LIU
JIEN-WEI LIU
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by JIEN-WEI LIU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by JIEN-WEI LIU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
YU-HSIU CHUNG
YU-HSIU CHUNG
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by YU-HSIU CHUNG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by YU-HSIU CHUNG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MAO-CHANG SU
MAO-CHANG SU
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by MAO-CHANG SU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MAO-CHANG SU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MENG-CHIH LIN
MENG-CHIH LIN
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
Search for other papers by MENG-CHIH LIN in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MENG-CHIH LIN in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of scrub typhus. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 72 patients diagnosed with scrub typhus from January 1998 to August 2006 in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. Eight of 72 scrub typhus patients with ARDS were included in the study; the other patients without ARDS were used as controls. The mortality rate for the scrub typhus patients with ARDS was 25%. The eight patients seldom had underlying diseases. Initial presentations of dyspnea and cough, white blood cell count, hematocrit, total bilirubin, and delayed used of appropriate antibiotics use were significant predictors of ARDS. Multivariate analysis showed that albumin, prothrombin time, and delayed use of appropriate antibiotics were independent predictors of ARDS. Identification of these relative risk factors may help clinicians evaluate clinical cases of scrub typhus with ARDS.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen nov., as Orientia tsutusgamushi comb. Nov.Int J Syst Bacteriol 45 :589–591.
-
2
Strickman D, Tanskul P, Eamsila C, Kelly DJ, 1994. Prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae in the human population of suburban Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :149–153.
-
3
Fan MY, Walker DH, Yu SR, Liu QH, 1987. Epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the People’s Republic of China. Rev Infect Dis 9 :823–840.
-
4
Horinouchi H, Murai K, Okayama A, Nagatomo Y, Tachibana N, Tsubouchi H, 1997. Prevalence of genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients with scrub typhus in Miyazaki Prefecture. Microbiol Immunol 41 :503–507.
-
5
Fang CT, Ferng WF, Hwang JJ, Yu CJ, Chen YC, Wang MH, Chang SC, Hsieh WC, 1997. Life-threatening scrub typhus with meningoencephalitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 96 :213–216.
-
6
Yi KS, Chong Y, Covington SC, Donahue BJ, Rothen RL, Rodriguez J, Arthur JD, 1993. Scrub typhus in Korea: Importance of early clinical diagnosis in this newly recognized endemic area. Mil Med 158 :269–273.
-
7
Currie B, O’Connor L, Dwyer B, 1993. A new focus of scrub typhus in tropical Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :425–429.
-
8
Tsay RW, Chang FY, 1998. Serious complications in scrub typhus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31 :240–244.
-
9
Aronoff DM, Watt G, 2003. Prevalence of relative bradycardia in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :477– 479.
-
10
Silpapojakul K, Ukkachoke C, Krisanapan S, Silpapojakul K, 1991. Rickettsial meningitis and encephalitis. Arch Intern Med 151 :1753–1757.
-
11
Premaratna R, Chandrasena TG, Dassayake AS, Loftis AD, Dasch GA, de Silva HJ, 2006. Acute hearing loss due to scrub typhus: a forgotten complication of a reemerging disease. Clin Infect Dis 42 :e6–e8.
-
12
Chang JH, Ju MS, Chang JE, Park YS, Han WS, Kim IS, Chang WH, 2000. Pericarditis due to Tsutsugamushi disease. Scand J Infect Dis 32 :101–102.
-
13
Hu ML, Liu JW, Wu KL, Lu SN, Chiou SS, Kuo CH, Chuah SK, Wang JH, Hu TH, Chiu KW, Lee CM, Changchien CS, 2005. Short report: Abnormal liver function in scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :667–668.
-
14
Ichimura K, Uchida Y, Arai K, Nakazawa K, Sasaki J, Kobayashi K, Iwai K, Kubo N, 2002. Afebrile scrub typhus (Tsutsugamushi disease) with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intern Med 41 :667–670.
-
15
Tsay RW, Chang FY, 2002. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in scrub typhus. QJM 95: 126–128.
-
16
Chi WC, Huang JJ, Sung JM, Lan RR, Ko WC, Chen FF, 1997. Scrub typhus associated with multiorgan failure: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 29 :634–635.
-
17
Lee WS, Wang FD, Wang LS, Wong WW, Young D, Fung CP, Liu CY, 1995. Scrub typhus complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome: a report of two cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 56 :205–210.
-
18
Park JS, Jee YK, Lee KY, Kim KY, Myong NH, Seo PW, 2000. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with scrub typhus: diffuse alveolar damage without pulmonary vasculitis. J Korean Med Sci 15 :343–345.
-
19
Wang CC, Lai YF, Wong SL, 1999. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by scrub typhus—a case report. Thorac Med 14 :89–93.
-
20
Ho M, 1998. Current outlook of infectious diseases in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31 :73–83.
-
21
Gale JL, Irving GS, Wang HC, Lien JC, Chen WF, Cross JH, 1974. Scrub typhus in eastern Taiwan, 1970. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23 :679–684.
-
22
Furuya Y, Yoshida Y, Katayama T, Yamamoto S, Kawamura A, 1993. Serotype-specific amplification of Rickettsia tsutusgamushi DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 31 :1637–1643.
-
23
Robinson DM, Brown G, Gan E, Huxsoll DL, 1976. Adaptation of microimmunofluorescence test to the study of human Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :900– 905.
-
24
Jiang J, Marienau KJ, May LA, Beecham HJ 3rd, Wilkinson R, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2003. Laboratory diagnosis of two scrub typhus outbreaks at Camp Fuji, Japan in 2000 and 2001 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rapid flow assay, and Western blot assay using outer membrane 56-kD recombinant proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :60–66.
-
25
Chen HL, Shieh GJ, Chen HY, Horng CB, 1995. Isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from the blood samples of patients in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 94 :S112–S119.
-
26
Centers for Disease Control, Republic of China (Taiwan). Available from http://www.cdc.gov.tw
-
27
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R, 1994. The American-European consensus conference on ARDS: Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 :818–824.
-
28
Chayakul P, Panich V, Silpapojakul K, 1988. Scrub typhus pneumonitis: an entity which is frequently missed. Q J Med 68 :595–602.
-
29
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79 :26–30.
-
30
Sheehy TW, Hazlett D, Turk RE, 1973. Scrub typhus. A comparison of chloramphenicol and tetracycline in its treatment. Arch Intern Med 132 :77–80.
-
31
Song JH, Lee C, Chang WH, Choi SW, Choi JE, Kim YS, Cho SR, Ryu J, Pai CH, 1995. Short-course doxycycline treatment versus conventional tetracycline therapy for scrub typhus: a multicenter randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 21 :506–510.
-
32
Milberg JA, Davis DR, Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, 1995. Improved survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): 1983–1993. JAMA 273: 306–309.
-
33
Stapleton RD, Wang BM, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell ES, Steinberg KP, 2005. Causes and timing of death in patients with ARDS. Chest 128 :525–532.
-
34
Abel SJ, Finney SJ, Brett SJ, Keogh BF, Morgan CJ, Evans TW, 1998. Reduced mortality in association with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thorax 53 :292–294.
-
35
Luhr OR, Antonsen K, Karlsson M, Aardal S, Thorsteinsson A, Frostell CG, Bonde J, 1999. Incidence and mortality after acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 :1849–1861.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 394 | 249 | 17 |
| Full Text Views | 386 | 13 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 174 | 11 | 2 |