Ferreira MU, da Silva-Nunes M, Wunderlich G, 2004. Antigenic diversity and immune evasion by malaria parasites. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 :987–995.
Taylor RR, Allen SJ, Greenwood BM, Riley EM, 1998. IgG3 antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2): increasing prevalence with age and association with clinical immunity to malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :406–413.
Metzger WG, Okenu DM, Cavanagh DR, Robinson JV, Bojang KA, Weiss HA, McBride JS, Greenwood BM, Conway DJ, 2003. Serum IgG3 to the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 is strongly associated with a reduced prospective risk of malaria. Parasite Immunol 25 :307–312.
Polley SD, Conway DJ, Cavanagh DR, McBride JS, Lowe BS, Williams TN, Mwangi TW, Marsh K, 2006. High levels of serum antibodies to merozoite surface porotein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum are associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria in coastal Kenya. Vaccine 24 :4233–4246.
Snewin VA, Herrera MA, Sanchez G, Scherf A, Langsley G, Herrera S, 1991. Polymorphism of the alleles of the merozoite surface antigens MSA1 and MSA2 in Plasmodium falciparum wild isolates from Colombia. Mol Biochem Parasitol 49 :265–276.
Ferreira MU, Hartl DL, 2007. Plasmodium falciparum: worldwide sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2). Exp Parasitol 115 :32–40.
Al-Yaman F, Genton B, Anders RF, Falk M, Triglia T, Lewis D, Hii J, Beck H-P, Alpers MP, 1994. Relationship between humoral response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 and malaria morbidity in a highly endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :593–602.
Taylor RR, Smith DB, Robinson VJ, McBride JS, Riley EM, 1995. Human antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 is serogroup specific and predominantly of the immunoglobulin G3 subclass. Infect Immun 63 :4382–4388.
Ekala MT, Jouin H, Lekoulou F, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ntoumi F, 2002. Allelic-family specific humoral responses to merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) in Gabonese residents with Plasmodium falciparum infections. Clin Exp Immunol 129 :326–331.
Felger I, Livingstone T, Beck H-P, 1993. Plasmodium falciparum: a rapid technique for genotyping the merozoite surface protein 2. Exp Parasitol 77 :372–375.
Kanunfre KA, Leoratti FM, Hoffmann EH, Durlacher RR, Ferreira AW, Moraes-Ávila SL, Ferreira MU, 2003. Differential recognition of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 variants by antibodies from malaria patients in Brazil. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :973–976.
Flück C, Smith T, Beck H-P, Irion A, Betuela I, Alpers MP, Anders RF, Saul A, Genton B, Felger I, 2004. Strain-specific humoral response to a polymorphic malaria vaccine. Infect Immun 72 :6300–6305.
Tonon AP, Hoffmann EH, da Silveira LA, Ribeiro AG, Gonçalves CR, Ribolla PE, Wunderlich G, Ferreira MU, 2004. Plasmodium falciparum: sequence diversity and antibody recognition of the merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) in Brazilian Amazonia. Exp Parasitol 108 :114–125.
Genton B, Betuela L, Felger I, Al-Yaman F, Anders RF, Saul A, Rare L, Baisor M, Lorry K, Brown GV, Pye D, Irving DO, Smith TA, Beck H-P, Alpers MP, 2002. A recombinant blood-stage malaria vaccine reduces Plasmodium falciparum density and exerts selective pressure on parasite populations in a phase 1–2b trial in Papua New Guinea. J Infect Dis 185 :820–827.
Bull PC, Lowe BS, Kortok M, Molyneaux CS, Newbold CI, Marsh K, 1998. Parasite antigens on the infected red cell surface are targets of naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Nat Med 4 :358–360.
Bull PC, Marsh K, 2002. The role of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum-infected-erythrocyte surface antigens in naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Trends Microbiol 10 :55–58.
da Silva-Nunes M, Malafronte RS, Luz BA, Souza EA, Martins LC, Rodrigues SG, Chiang JO, Vasconcelos PF, Muniz PT, Ferreira MU, 2006. The Acre Project: the epidemiology of malaria and arthropod-borne vírus infections in a rural Amazonian population. Cad Saúde Publica 22 :1325–1334.
Trape J-F, 1985. Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear examination for epidemiological investigations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79 :181–184.
Kimura M, Kaneko O, Liu Q, Zhou M, Kawamoto F, Wataya Y, Otani S, Yamaguchi Y, Tanabe K, 1997. Identification of the four species of human malaria parasites by nested PCR that targets variant sequences in the small subunit rRNA gene. Parasitol Int 46 :91–95.
Win TT, Lin K, Mizuno S, Zhou M, Liu Q, Ferreira MU, Tantular IS, Kojima S, Ishii A, Kawamoto F, 2002. Wide distribution of Plasmodium ovale in Myanmar. Trop Med Int Health 7 :231–239.
Cavasini MT, Ribeiro WL, Kawamoto F, Ferreira MU, 2000. How prevalent is Plasmodium malariae in Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 33 :489–492.
Scopel KK, Fontes CJ, Nunes AC, Horta MF, Braga EM, 2004. Low sensitivity of nested PCR using Plasmodium DNA extracted from stained thick blood smears: an epidemiological retrospective study among subjects with low parasitaemia in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon region. Malaria J 3 :8.
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Grau GE, Mendis K, 1998. Demonstration of anti-disease immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria in Sri Lanka using a quantitative method to assess clinical disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :204–210.
World Health Organization, 2000. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl. 1):S1–S90.
Felger I, Irion A, Steiger S, Beck H-P, 1999. Epidemiology of multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections. 2. Genotypes of merozoite surface protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl):3–9.
Tonhosolo R, Wunderlich G, Ferreira MU, 2001. Differential antibody recognition of four allelic variants of the merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) of Plasmodium falciparum.J Eukaryot Microbiol 48 :556–564.
Scopel KK, Fontes CJ, Ferreira MU, Braga EM, 2006. Factors associated with immunoglobulin G subclass polarization in naturally acquired antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins: a cross-sectional survey in Brazilian Amazonia. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 :810–813.
Weisman S, Wang L, Billman-Jacobe H, Nham DH, Richie TL, Coppel RL, 2001. Antibody responses to infections with strains of Plasmodium falciparum expressing diverse forms of merozoite surface protein-2. Infect Immun 69 :959–967.
Felger I, Steiger S, Hatz C, Smith T, Beck H-P, 2003. Antigenic cross-reactivity between different alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2. Parasite Immunol 25 :531–543.
Franks S, Baton L, Tetteh K, Tongren E, Dewin D, Akanmori BD, Koram KA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Riley EM, 2003. Genetic diversity and antigenic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum: extensive serological cross-reactivity between allelic variants of merozoite surface protein 2. Infect Immun 71 :3485–3495.
Taylor RR, Egan A, McGuiness D, Jepson A, Adair R, Drakeley C, Riley E, 1996. Selective recognition of malaria antigens by human serum antibodies is not genetically determined but demonstrates some features of clonal imprinting. Int Immunol 8 :905–915.
Engelbracht F, Felger I, Genton B, Alpers M, Beck H-P, 1995. Plasmodium falciparum: malaria morbidity is associated with specific merozoite surface protein 2 genotypes. Exp Parasitol 81 :90–96.
Sallenave-Sales S, Ferreira-da-Cruz MF, Faria CP, Cerruti C Jr, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Zalis MG, 2003. Plasmodium falciparum: limited genetic diversity of MSP-2 in isolates circulating in Brazilian endemic areas. Exp Parasitol 103 :127–135.
Mond JJ, Lees A, Snapper CM, 1995. T-cell independent antigens type 2. Annu Rev Immunol 13 :655–692.
Alves FP, Durlacher RR, Menezes MJ, Krieger H, Pereira da Silva LH, Camargo EP, 2002. High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in native Amazonian populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :641–648.
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Naturally acquired antibodies to five variants of the merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2), a target of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, were measured in a cohort of rural Amazonians. Local MSP-2 variants comprised both highly divergent families of alleles (FC27 and 3D7). Total IgG antibodies to two FC27-type antigens were found in 22–28% of subjects at baseline, with substantial cross-reactivity between variants and stable concentrations and specificities over time. The IgG antibodies to three 3D7-type antigens were less prevalent (6–7%), less cross-reactive, and short-lived; subsequent exposure to 3D7-type parasites rarely elicited homologous response. The clinical spectrum of 109 incident P. falciparum infections in our cohort ranged between asymptomatic infection and fully symptomatic but uncomplicated disease. Parasitemia at the time of diagnosis, rather than cumulative malaria exposure or acquired immunity (presence of variant-specific antibodies matching the MSP-2 type in infecting parasites), was a major predictor of perceived symptom severity.
Ferreira MU, da Silva-Nunes M, Wunderlich G, 2004. Antigenic diversity and immune evasion by malaria parasites. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 :987–995.
Taylor RR, Allen SJ, Greenwood BM, Riley EM, 1998. IgG3 antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2): increasing prevalence with age and association with clinical immunity to malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :406–413.
Metzger WG, Okenu DM, Cavanagh DR, Robinson JV, Bojang KA, Weiss HA, McBride JS, Greenwood BM, Conway DJ, 2003. Serum IgG3 to the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 is strongly associated with a reduced prospective risk of malaria. Parasite Immunol 25 :307–312.
Polley SD, Conway DJ, Cavanagh DR, McBride JS, Lowe BS, Williams TN, Mwangi TW, Marsh K, 2006. High levels of serum antibodies to merozoite surface porotein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum are associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria in coastal Kenya. Vaccine 24 :4233–4246.
Snewin VA, Herrera MA, Sanchez G, Scherf A, Langsley G, Herrera S, 1991. Polymorphism of the alleles of the merozoite surface antigens MSA1 and MSA2 in Plasmodium falciparum wild isolates from Colombia. Mol Biochem Parasitol 49 :265–276.
Ferreira MU, Hartl DL, 2007. Plasmodium falciparum: worldwide sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2). Exp Parasitol 115 :32–40.
Al-Yaman F, Genton B, Anders RF, Falk M, Triglia T, Lewis D, Hii J, Beck H-P, Alpers MP, 1994. Relationship between humoral response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 and malaria morbidity in a highly endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :593–602.
Taylor RR, Smith DB, Robinson VJ, McBride JS, Riley EM, 1995. Human antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 is serogroup specific and predominantly of the immunoglobulin G3 subclass. Infect Immun 63 :4382–4388.
Ekala MT, Jouin H, Lekoulou F, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ntoumi F, 2002. Allelic-family specific humoral responses to merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) in Gabonese residents with Plasmodium falciparum infections. Clin Exp Immunol 129 :326–331.
Felger I, Livingstone T, Beck H-P, 1993. Plasmodium falciparum: a rapid technique for genotyping the merozoite surface protein 2. Exp Parasitol 77 :372–375.
Kanunfre KA, Leoratti FM, Hoffmann EH, Durlacher RR, Ferreira AW, Moraes-Ávila SL, Ferreira MU, 2003. Differential recognition of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 variants by antibodies from malaria patients in Brazil. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10 :973–976.
Flück C, Smith T, Beck H-P, Irion A, Betuela I, Alpers MP, Anders RF, Saul A, Genton B, Felger I, 2004. Strain-specific humoral response to a polymorphic malaria vaccine. Infect Immun 72 :6300–6305.
Tonon AP, Hoffmann EH, da Silveira LA, Ribeiro AG, Gonçalves CR, Ribolla PE, Wunderlich G, Ferreira MU, 2004. Plasmodium falciparum: sequence diversity and antibody recognition of the merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) in Brazilian Amazonia. Exp Parasitol 108 :114–125.
Genton B, Betuela L, Felger I, Al-Yaman F, Anders RF, Saul A, Rare L, Baisor M, Lorry K, Brown GV, Pye D, Irving DO, Smith TA, Beck H-P, Alpers MP, 2002. A recombinant blood-stage malaria vaccine reduces Plasmodium falciparum density and exerts selective pressure on parasite populations in a phase 1–2b trial in Papua New Guinea. J Infect Dis 185 :820–827.
Bull PC, Lowe BS, Kortok M, Molyneaux CS, Newbold CI, Marsh K, 1998. Parasite antigens on the infected red cell surface are targets of naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Nat Med 4 :358–360.
Bull PC, Marsh K, 2002. The role of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum-infected-erythrocyte surface antigens in naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Trends Microbiol 10 :55–58.
da Silva-Nunes M, Malafronte RS, Luz BA, Souza EA, Martins LC, Rodrigues SG, Chiang JO, Vasconcelos PF, Muniz PT, Ferreira MU, 2006. The Acre Project: the epidemiology of malaria and arthropod-borne vírus infections in a rural Amazonian population. Cad Saúde Publica 22 :1325–1334.
Trape J-F, 1985. Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear examination for epidemiological investigations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79 :181–184.
Kimura M, Kaneko O, Liu Q, Zhou M, Kawamoto F, Wataya Y, Otani S, Yamaguchi Y, Tanabe K, 1997. Identification of the four species of human malaria parasites by nested PCR that targets variant sequences in the small subunit rRNA gene. Parasitol Int 46 :91–95.
Win TT, Lin K, Mizuno S, Zhou M, Liu Q, Ferreira MU, Tantular IS, Kojima S, Ishii A, Kawamoto F, 2002. Wide distribution of Plasmodium ovale in Myanmar. Trop Med Int Health 7 :231–239.
Cavasini MT, Ribeiro WL, Kawamoto F, Ferreira MU, 2000. How prevalent is Plasmodium malariae in Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 33 :489–492.
Scopel KK, Fontes CJ, Nunes AC, Horta MF, Braga EM, 2004. Low sensitivity of nested PCR using Plasmodium DNA extracted from stained thick blood smears: an epidemiological retrospective study among subjects with low parasitaemia in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon region. Malaria J 3 :8.
Karunaweera ND, Carter R, Grau GE, Mendis K, 1998. Demonstration of anti-disease immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria in Sri Lanka using a quantitative method to assess clinical disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :204–210.
World Health Organization, 2000. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl. 1):S1–S90.
Felger I, Irion A, Steiger S, Beck H-P, 1999. Epidemiology of multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections. 2. Genotypes of merozoite surface protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93 (Suppl):3–9.
Tonhosolo R, Wunderlich G, Ferreira MU, 2001. Differential antibody recognition of four allelic variants of the merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) of Plasmodium falciparum.J Eukaryot Microbiol 48 :556–564.
Scopel KK, Fontes CJ, Ferreira MU, Braga EM, 2006. Factors associated with immunoglobulin G subclass polarization in naturally acquired antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins: a cross-sectional survey in Brazilian Amazonia. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 :810–813.
Weisman S, Wang L, Billman-Jacobe H, Nham DH, Richie TL, Coppel RL, 2001. Antibody responses to infections with strains of Plasmodium falciparum expressing diverse forms of merozoite surface protein-2. Infect Immun 69 :959–967.
Felger I, Steiger S, Hatz C, Smith T, Beck H-P, 2003. Antigenic cross-reactivity between different alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2. Parasite Immunol 25 :531–543.
Franks S, Baton L, Tetteh K, Tongren E, Dewin D, Akanmori BD, Koram KA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Riley EM, 2003. Genetic diversity and antigenic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum: extensive serological cross-reactivity between allelic variants of merozoite surface protein 2. Infect Immun 71 :3485–3495.
Taylor RR, Egan A, McGuiness D, Jepson A, Adair R, Drakeley C, Riley E, 1996. Selective recognition of malaria antigens by human serum antibodies is not genetically determined but demonstrates some features of clonal imprinting. Int Immunol 8 :905–915.
Engelbracht F, Felger I, Genton B, Alpers M, Beck H-P, 1995. Plasmodium falciparum: malaria morbidity is associated with specific merozoite surface protein 2 genotypes. Exp Parasitol 81 :90–96.
Sallenave-Sales S, Ferreira-da-Cruz MF, Faria CP, Cerruti C Jr, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Zalis MG, 2003. Plasmodium falciparum: limited genetic diversity of MSP-2 in isolates circulating in Brazilian endemic areas. Exp Parasitol 103 :127–135.
Mond JJ, Lees A, Snapper CM, 1995. T-cell independent antigens type 2. Annu Rev Immunol 13 :655–692.
Alves FP, Durlacher RR, Menezes MJ, Krieger H, Pereira da Silva LH, Camargo EP, 2002. High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in native Amazonian populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :641–648.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 395 | 348 | 161 |
Full Text Views | 199 | 7 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 41 | 5 | 2 |