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1
Conteh L, Sharp BL, Streat E, Barreto A, Konar S, 2004. The cost and cost-effectiveness of malaria vector control by residual insecticide house-spraying in southern Mozambique: a rural and urban analysis. Trop Med Int Health 9 :125–132.
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2
Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Benavente L, Schwabe C, Torrez M, Kuklinski J, Morris N, Raman J, Carter J, 2006. Reduction in infection with P. falciparum one year after the introduction of malaria control interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :972–978.
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3
Sharp BL, Kleinschmidt I, Streat E, Maharaj R, Barnes KI, Durrheim DN, Ridl FC, Morris N, Seocharan I, Kunene S, La Grange JJP, Mthembu DJ, Maartens F, Martin CL, Barreto A, 2007. Seven years of regional malaria control collaboration—Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :42–47.
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4
Barnes KI, Durrheim DN, Little F, Jackson A, Mehta U, Allen E, Dlamini SS, Tsoka J, Bredenkamp B, Mthembu DJ, White NJ, Sharp BL, 2005. Effect of artemether–lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS Med 2 :e330.
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5
Chandre F, Brengues C, Dossou Yovo J, Ma GS, Darriet F, Diabate A, Carnevale P, Guillet P, 1999. Current distribution of a pyrethroid resistance gene (kdr) in Anopheles gambiae complex from West Africa and further evidence for reproductive isolation of the Mopti form. Parassitologia 41 :310–322.
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6
Reimer LJ, Tripet F, Slotman M, Spielman A, Fondjo E, Lanzaro GC, 2005. An unusual distribution of the kdr gene among populations of Anopheles gambiae on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Insect Mol Biol 14 :683–688.
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7
Booman M, Sharp BL, Martin CL, Manjate B, La Grange K, Durrheim DN, 2003. Enhancing malaria control using a computerized management system in Southern Africa. Malar J 2 :1–5.
-
8
Rao JNK, Scott AJ, 1981. The analysis of categorical data from complex sample surveys: chi-squared tests for goodness of fit and independence in two-way tables. J Am Stat Assoc 76 :221–230.
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9
StataCorp, 2005. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
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10
StataCorp, 2005. Stata Survey Data, Reference Manual. Release 9. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
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11
Rajendra M, Casimiro S, Mthembu SD, Sharp BL, 2004. The residual life of bendiocarb: a field-based evaluation from Mozambique. J Med Entomol 41 :130–132.
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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MALARIA CONTROL IN BIOKO ISLAND, EQUATORIAL GUINEA
IMMO KLEINSCHMIDT
IMMO KLEINSCHMIDT
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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MIGUEL TORREZ
MIGUEL TORREZ
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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CHRIS SCHWABE
CHRIS SCHWABE
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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LUIS BENAVENTE
LUIS BENAVENTE
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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ISHEN SEOCHARAN
ISHEN SEOCHARAN
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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DAVID JITUBOH
DAVID JITUBOH
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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GLORIA NSENG
GLORIA NSENG
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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BRIAN SHARP
BRIAN SHARP
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
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The Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP) has carried out intensive interventions since early 2004 to reduce malaria transmission through indoor residual spraying (IRS) and case management. Annual parasite prevalence surveys have been carried out to monitor the effectiveness of the program. Significant overall reductions in prevalence of infection have been observed, with 42% fewer infections occurring in 2006 compared with baseline. Nevertheless, there is evidence of considerable heterogeneity in impact of the intervention. Prevalence of infection was significantly associated with spray status of the child’s house, spray coverage with effective insecticide of the neighborhood of the house, bed net use, and time elapsed since last spray. Careful scheduling of spray coverage is therefore essential to maximize the effectiveness of IRS and to ensure consistent reductions in parasite prevalence. This can only be achieved if comprehensive monitoring systems are in place for both the management and evaluation of the intervention.
Author Notes
ProCite
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-
1
Conteh L, Sharp BL, Streat E, Barreto A, Konar S, 2004. The cost and cost-effectiveness of malaria vector control by residual insecticide house-spraying in southern Mozambique: a rural and urban analysis. Trop Med Int Health 9 :125–132.
-
2
Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Benavente L, Schwabe C, Torrez M, Kuklinski J, Morris N, Raman J, Carter J, 2006. Reduction in infection with P. falciparum one year after the introduction of malaria control interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :972–978.
-
3
Sharp BL, Kleinschmidt I, Streat E, Maharaj R, Barnes KI, Durrheim DN, Ridl FC, Morris N, Seocharan I, Kunene S, La Grange JJP, Mthembu DJ, Maartens F, Martin CL, Barreto A, 2007. Seven years of regional malaria control collaboration—Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :42–47.
-
4
Barnes KI, Durrheim DN, Little F, Jackson A, Mehta U, Allen E, Dlamini SS, Tsoka J, Bredenkamp B, Mthembu DJ, White NJ, Sharp BL, 2005. Effect of artemether–lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS Med 2 :e330.
-
5
Chandre F, Brengues C, Dossou Yovo J, Ma GS, Darriet F, Diabate A, Carnevale P, Guillet P, 1999. Current distribution of a pyrethroid resistance gene (kdr) in Anopheles gambiae complex from West Africa and further evidence for reproductive isolation of the Mopti form. Parassitologia 41 :310–322.
-
6
Reimer LJ, Tripet F, Slotman M, Spielman A, Fondjo E, Lanzaro GC, 2005. An unusual distribution of the kdr gene among populations of Anopheles gambiae on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Insect Mol Biol 14 :683–688.
-
7
Booman M, Sharp BL, Martin CL, Manjate B, La Grange K, Durrheim DN, 2003. Enhancing malaria control using a computerized management system in Southern Africa. Malar J 2 :1–5.
-
8
Rao JNK, Scott AJ, 1981. The analysis of categorical data from complex sample surveys: chi-squared tests for goodness of fit and independence in two-way tables. J Am Stat Assoc 76 :221–230.
-
9
StataCorp, 2005. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
-
10
StataCorp, 2005. Stata Survey Data, Reference Manual. Release 9. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
-
11
Rajendra M, Casimiro S, Mthembu SD, Sharp BL, 2004. The residual life of bendiocarb: a field-based evaluation from Mozambique. J Med Entomol 41 :130–132.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1213 | 1076 | 717 |
| Full Text Views | 207 | 7 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 68 | 5 | 2 |