SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS IN THE RICE CULTIVATION AREA OF OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI

NAFOMON SOGOBA Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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PENELOPE VOUNATSOU Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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SEYDOU DOUMBIA Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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MAGARAN BAGAYOKO Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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MAHAMADOU B. TOURÉ Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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IBRAHIM M. SISSOKO Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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SEKOU F. TRAORE Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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YÉYA T. TOURÉ Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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THOMAS SMITH Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization, Libreville, Gabon; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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The effects of rice growth environment on malaria transmission, taking into account spatial correlation, were assessed in the Office du Niger, Mali. Between April 1999 to January 2001, 8 quarterly entomologic surveys were conducted in 18 villages in 3 agricultural zones. Vector densities in sleeping houses were related to rice crop, rice development stages, vegetation abundance, water state, and seasons. They were high throughout the rice-growing seasons, increased as the rice crop developed, and decreased as vegetation became abundant. They also showed large spatial correlations (up to 30.6 km). The vectorial capacity exhibited both seasonal and village-to-village variation. Parity and the human blood index were weakly related to adult densities and showed low spatial correlations (up to 3.4 km), which suggested that small area variation in malaria transmission results mainly from variations in vector-human contact. Control strategies in rice cultivation areas should pay attention to this local variation.

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