World Resources Institute U, UNDP, World Bank, 1999. 1998–1999 World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reddy A, Williams R, Johansson T, 1996. Energy After Rio: Prospects and Challenges. New York: United Nations Publications.
Lidia M, Junfeng Z, 2002. Combustion sources of particles. 1. Health relevance and source signatures. Chemosphere 49 :1045–1058.
Townsend CL, Maynard RL, 2002. Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. Occup Environ Med 59 :708–711.
Boy E, Bruce N, Delgado H, 2002. Birth weight and exposure to kitchen wood smoke during pregnancy in rural Guatemala. Environ Health Perspect 110 :109–114.
Brunekreef B, Holgate ST, 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360 :1233–1242.
Kaan PM, Hegele RG, 2003. Interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and particulate matter in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28 :697–704.
Zelikoff JT, Chen LC, Cohen MD, Fang K, Gordon T, Li Y, Nadziejko C, Schlesinger RB, 2003. Effects of inhaled ambient particulate matter on pulmonary antimicrobial immune defense. Inhal Toxicol 15 :131–150.
Schwela D, 1996. Exposure to environmental chemicals relevant for respiratory hypersensitivity: Global aspects. Toxicol Lett 86 :131–142.
Smith KR, Mehta S, 2003. The burden of disease from indoor air pollution in developing countries: Comparison of estimates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 206 :279–289.
Schirnding YV, Bruce N, Smith K, Ballard-Tremeer G, Ezzati M, Lvovsky K, 2001. Addressing the Impact of Household Endergy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor—Implications for Policy Action and Intervention. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mavalankar DV, Trivedi CR, Gray RH, 1991. Levels and risk factors for perinatal mortality in Ahmedabad, India. Bull World Health Organ 69 :435–442.
Hughes G, Dunleavy M, 2001. Why Do Babies and Young Children Die in India? The Role of the Household Environment. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Bloom D, Zaidi A, 2002. The Demographic Impact of Biomass Fuel Use. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.
Ezzati M, Kammen DM, 2002. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs. Environ Health Perspect 110 :1057–1068.
Rodas EJ, 2000. Proyecto Familiar de Santa Ana, Ecuador. Cuenca, Ecuador: Cinterandes Foundation.
Rinne ST, Rodas EJ, Bender BS, Rinne ML, Simpson JM, Galer-Unti R, Glickman LT, 2005. Relationship of pulmonary function among women and children to indoor air pollution from biomass use in rural Ecuador. Respir Med 100 :1208–1215.
Armitage P, Berry G, 1994. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
EPA, 1997. EPA’s Updated Clean Air Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC: Environmental Protection Agency.
Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R, 2000. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge. Bull World Health Organ 78 :1078–1092.
EPA, 2000. Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide. Washington, DC: USEPA EPA.
Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pless-Mulloli T, Howel D, 2004. Does particulate air pollution contribute to infant death? A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 112 :1365–1371.
Penna ML, Duchiade MP, 1991. Air pollution and infant mortality from pneumonia in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 25 :47–54.
Bobak M, Leon DA, 1999. The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the post-neonatal period. Epidemiology 10 :666–670.
Lipfert FW, Zhang J, Wyzga RE, 2000. Infant mortality and air pollution: A comprehensive analysis of U.S. data for 1990. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 50 :1350–1366.
Smith KR, Samet JM, Romieu I, Bruce N, 2000. Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax 55 :518–532.
Rutter M, Choo D, 2002. The ear, nose, oropharynx, and larynx. Rudolf C, ed. Rudolf’s Pediatrics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1239.
Riojas-Rodriguez H, Romano-Riquer P, Santos-Burgoa C, Smith KR, 2001. Household firewood use and the health of children and women of Indian communities in Chiapas, Mexico. Int J Occup Environ Health 7 :44–53.
Tzanakis N, Kallergis K, Bouros DE, Samiou MF, Siafakas NM, 2001. Short-term effects of wood smoke exposure on the respiratory system among charcoal production workers. Chest 119 :1260–1265.
Mishra V, Retherford R, 1997. Cooking smoke increases the risk of acute respiratory infections in children. Natl Fam Health Surv Bull 8 :1–4.
Daigler GE, Markello SJ, Cummings KM, 1991. The effect of indoor air pollutants on otitis media and asthma in children. Laryngoscope 101 :293–296.
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Abstract Views | 1226 | 1156 | 32 |
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Biomass fuel used for cooking results in widespread exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP), affecting nearly 3 billion people throughout the world. Few studies, however, have tested for an exposure–response relationship between biomass fuel and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between biomass fuel, infant mortality, and children’s respiratory symptoms. Eighty households in a rural community in Ecuador were selected based on their use of biomass fuel and questioned regarding a history of infant mortality and children’s respiratory symptoms. Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in a subset of these homes to confirm the relationship between biomass fuel use and IAP. Results showed a significant trend for higher infant mortality among households that cooked with a greater proportion of biomass fuel (P = 0.008). Similar trends were noted for history of cough (P = 0.02) and earache (P < 0.001) among children living in these households.
World Resources Institute U, UNDP, World Bank, 1999. 1998–1999 World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reddy A, Williams R, Johansson T, 1996. Energy After Rio: Prospects and Challenges. New York: United Nations Publications.
Lidia M, Junfeng Z, 2002. Combustion sources of particles. 1. Health relevance and source signatures. Chemosphere 49 :1045–1058.
Townsend CL, Maynard RL, 2002. Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. Occup Environ Med 59 :708–711.
Boy E, Bruce N, Delgado H, 2002. Birth weight and exposure to kitchen wood smoke during pregnancy in rural Guatemala. Environ Health Perspect 110 :109–114.
Brunekreef B, Holgate ST, 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360 :1233–1242.
Kaan PM, Hegele RG, 2003. Interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and particulate matter in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28 :697–704.
Zelikoff JT, Chen LC, Cohen MD, Fang K, Gordon T, Li Y, Nadziejko C, Schlesinger RB, 2003. Effects of inhaled ambient particulate matter on pulmonary antimicrobial immune defense. Inhal Toxicol 15 :131–150.
Schwela D, 1996. Exposure to environmental chemicals relevant for respiratory hypersensitivity: Global aspects. Toxicol Lett 86 :131–142.
Smith KR, Mehta S, 2003. The burden of disease from indoor air pollution in developing countries: Comparison of estimates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 206 :279–289.
Schirnding YV, Bruce N, Smith K, Ballard-Tremeer G, Ezzati M, Lvovsky K, 2001. Addressing the Impact of Household Endergy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor—Implications for Policy Action and Intervention. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mavalankar DV, Trivedi CR, Gray RH, 1991. Levels and risk factors for perinatal mortality in Ahmedabad, India. Bull World Health Organ 69 :435–442.
Hughes G, Dunleavy M, 2001. Why Do Babies and Young Children Die in India? The Role of the Household Environment. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Bloom D, Zaidi A, 2002. The Demographic Impact of Biomass Fuel Use. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.
Ezzati M, Kammen DM, 2002. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs. Environ Health Perspect 110 :1057–1068.
Rodas EJ, 2000. Proyecto Familiar de Santa Ana, Ecuador. Cuenca, Ecuador: Cinterandes Foundation.
Rinne ST, Rodas EJ, Bender BS, Rinne ML, Simpson JM, Galer-Unti R, Glickman LT, 2005. Relationship of pulmonary function among women and children to indoor air pollution from biomass use in rural Ecuador. Respir Med 100 :1208–1215.
Armitage P, Berry G, 1994. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
EPA, 1997. EPA’s Updated Clean Air Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC: Environmental Protection Agency.
Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R, 2000. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge. Bull World Health Organ 78 :1078–1092.
EPA, 2000. Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide. Washington, DC: USEPA EPA.
Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pless-Mulloli T, Howel D, 2004. Does particulate air pollution contribute to infant death? A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 112 :1365–1371.
Penna ML, Duchiade MP, 1991. Air pollution and infant mortality from pneumonia in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 25 :47–54.
Bobak M, Leon DA, 1999. The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the post-neonatal period. Epidemiology 10 :666–670.
Lipfert FW, Zhang J, Wyzga RE, 2000. Infant mortality and air pollution: A comprehensive analysis of U.S. data for 1990. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 50 :1350–1366.
Smith KR, Samet JM, Romieu I, Bruce N, 2000. Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax 55 :518–532.
Rutter M, Choo D, 2002. The ear, nose, oropharynx, and larynx. Rudolf C, ed. Rudolf’s Pediatrics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1239.
Riojas-Rodriguez H, Romano-Riquer P, Santos-Burgoa C, Smith KR, 2001. Household firewood use and the health of children and women of Indian communities in Chiapas, Mexico. Int J Occup Environ Health 7 :44–53.
Tzanakis N, Kallergis K, Bouros DE, Samiou MF, Siafakas NM, 2001. Short-term effects of wood smoke exposure on the respiratory system among charcoal production workers. Chest 119 :1260–1265.
Mishra V, Retherford R, 1997. Cooking smoke increases the risk of acute respiratory infections in children. Natl Fam Health Surv Bull 8 :1–4.
Daigler GE, Markello SJ, Cummings KM, 1991. The effect of indoor air pollutants on otitis media and asthma in children. Laryngoscope 101 :293–296.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1226 | 1156 | 32 |
Full Text Views | 339 | 7 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 109 | 10 | 0 |