Authors:
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1
Parashar UD, Bresee JS, Glass RI, 2003. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease in children. Bull World Health Organ 81 :236.
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2
WHO, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and Water Supply and Sanitation Council, 2000. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000: Report. New York: UNICEF.
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3
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Chapter 2. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR151/02Chapter02.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2006.
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4
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Chapter 9. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR151/09Chapter09.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2006.
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5
Makutsa P, Nzaku K, Ogutu P, Barasa P, Ombeki S, Mwaki A, Quick RE, 2001. Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya. Am J Public Health 91 :1571–1573.
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6
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
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7
Quick R, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo AM, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz ED, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
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8
Semenza J, Roberts L, Henderson A, Bogan J, Rubin C, 1998. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :941–946.
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9
Luby S, Agboatwall M, Hoekstra RM, Rahbar MH, Billhimer MS, Keswick BH, 2004. Delayed effectiveness of home based interventions in preventing childhood diarrhea: Karachi, Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :420–427.
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10
Lule J, Mermin JE, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Hughes P, Bunnell R, Kaharuza F, Coutinho A, Kigozi A, Quick RE, 2005. Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with HIV in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :926–933.
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11
UNICEF, 2005. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Schools: Roundtable for Children, Oxford, UK, January 24–26, 2005. Roundtable Proceedings and Framework for Action. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/wes/files/SSHE_OxfordRoundTable_2005.pdf. Accessed February 14, 2006.
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12
Curtis V, Cairncross S, 2005. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 3 :275–281.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 385 | 260 | 15 |
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DIARRHEA PREVENTION IN A KENYAN SCHOOL THROUGH THE USE OF A SIMPLE SAFE WATER AND HYGIENE INTERVENTION
JOHN MIGELE
JOHN MIGELE
CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya; Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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SAM OMBEKI
SAM OMBEKI
CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya; Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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MARY AYALO
MARY AYALO
CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya; Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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MATTHEW BIGGERSTAFF
MATTHEW BIGGERSTAFF
CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya; Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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ROBERT QUICK
ROBERT QUICK
CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya; Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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To prevent diarrhea in rural Western Kenya, we implemented the Safe Water System (water treatment with bleach, safe storage, and behavior-change communications) in 2000. We implemented a pilot project in a school in May 2003. Teachers taught students about safe water and hygiene. Safe water storage vessels were placed between classrooms. Two large water tanks for handwashing were positioned by the kitchen and latrines. The vessels were filled daily with water, which was treated with bleach and monitored for free chlorine residuals. Daily student care logs at the local clinic were reviewed. Clinic visits for diarrhea peaked during the January through March period in 2002 at 130 and in 2003 at 71, but in 2004, after project implementation, only 13 diarrhea episodes were recorded. The project saved the school about $5.49 per student per year. The project has been expanded to 70 schools, and an evaluation is planned.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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Zotero
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-
1
Parashar UD, Bresee JS, Glass RI, 2003. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease in children. Bull World Health Organ 81 :236.
-
2
WHO, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and Water Supply and Sanitation Council, 2000. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000: Report. New York: UNICEF.
-
3
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Chapter 2. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR151/02Chapter02.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2006.
-
4
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Chapter 9. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR151/09Chapter09.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2006.
-
5
Makutsa P, Nzaku K, Ogutu P, Barasa P, Ombeki S, Mwaki A, Quick RE, 2001. Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya. Am J Public Health 91 :1571–1573.
-
6
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
-
7
Quick R, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo AM, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz ED, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
-
8
Semenza J, Roberts L, Henderson A, Bogan J, Rubin C, 1998. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :941–946.
-
9
Luby S, Agboatwall M, Hoekstra RM, Rahbar MH, Billhimer MS, Keswick BH, 2004. Delayed effectiveness of home based interventions in preventing childhood diarrhea: Karachi, Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :420–427.
-
10
Lule J, Mermin JE, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Hughes P, Bunnell R, Kaharuza F, Coutinho A, Kigozi A, Quick RE, 2005. Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with HIV in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :926–933.
-
11
UNICEF, 2005. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Schools: Roundtable for Children, Oxford, UK, January 24–26, 2005. Roundtable Proceedings and Framework for Action. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/wes/files/SSHE_OxfordRoundTable_2005.pdf. Accessed February 14, 2006.
-
12
Curtis V, Cairncross S, 2005. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 3 :275–281.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 385 | 260 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 478 | 11 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 151 | 9 | 4 |