Boa YF, Traore MA, Doua F, Kouassi-Traore MT, Kouassi BE, Giordano C, 1988. The different present-day clinical picture of human African trypanosomiasis caused by T. b. gambiense. Analysis of 300 cases from a focus in Daloa, Ivory Coast. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 81 :427–444.
World Health Organization, 1998. Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 881 :1–114.
van Nieuwenhove S, Betu-Ku-Mesu VK, Diabakana PM, Declercq J, Bilenge CM, 2001. Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade. Trop Med Int Health 6 :335–341.
World Health Organization, 2006. Human African trypanosomiasis. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 8 :69–80.
Hervouet JP, Laveissière C, 1987. Facteurs humains dans la transmission de la maladie du sommeil. Med Trop Nella Cooperazione Allo Sviluppo 3 :72–78.
Laveissiere C, Sane B, Meda HA, 1994. Measurement of risk in endemic areas of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :645–648.
Kuzoe F, Schofield C, 2005. Strategic Review of Traps and Targets for Tsetse and African Trypanosomiasis Control. Geneva: World Health Organization. TDR/IDE/TRY/05.1.
Ribeiro JM, Francischetti IM, 2003. Role of arthropod saliva in blood feeding: sialome and post-sialome perspectives. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :73–88.
Remoue F, Cornelie S, NGom A, Boulanger D, Simondon F, 2005. Immune responses to arthropod bites during vectorborne diseases. Garraud O, ed. Update in Tropical Immunology. Herala, India: Transworld Research Network, 377–400.
Schwartz BS, Ribeiro JM, Goldstein MD, 1990. Anti-tick antibodies: an epidemiologic tool in Lyme disease research. Am J Epidemiol 132 :58–66.
Lane RS, Moss RB, Hsu YP, Wei T, Mesirow ML, Kuo MM, 1999. Anti-arthropod saliva antibodies among residents of a community at high risk for Lyme disease in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :850–859.
Nascimento RJ, Santana JM, Lozzi SP, Araujo CN, Teixeira AR, 2001. Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :219–226.
Palosuo K, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Mikkola J, Sahi T, Reunala T, 1997. Seasonal increase in human IgE and IgG4 anti-saliva antibodies to Aedes mosquito bites. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114 :367–372.
Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Palosuo K, Miyanij M, Ruiz-Maldonado R, Love A, Francois G, Palosuo T, 1994. Frequent occurrence of IgE and IgG4 antibodies against saliva of Aedes communis and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in children. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 104 :366–371.
Konishi E, 1990. Distribution of immunoglobulin G and E antibody levels to salivary gland extracts of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in several age groups of a Japanese population. J Med Entomol 27 :519–522.
Barral A, Honda E, Caldas A, Costa J, Vinhas V, Rowton ED, Valenzuela JG, Charlab R, Barral-Netto M, Ribeiro JM, 2000. Human immune response to sand fly salivary gland antigens: a useful epidemiological marker? Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :740–745.
Remoue F, Cisse B, Ba F, Sokhna C, Herve J-P, Boulanger D, Simondon F, 2006. Evaluation of the antibody response to Anopheles salivary antigens as a potential marker of risk of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100 :363–370.
Gordon R, Crewe W, 1948. The mechanisms by witch mosquitoes and tsetse flies obtain their blood meals, the histology of the lesions produced and the subsequent reactions of the mammalian host; together with some observations on the feeding of Chrysops and Cimex. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 42 :334– 356.
Ellis JA, Shapiro SZ, ole Moi-Yoi O, Moloo SK, 1986. Lesions and saliva-specific antibody responses in rabbits with immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the bites of Glossina morsitans centralis. Vet Pathol 23 :661–667.
Penchenier L, Terrasse C, Diallo BP, Eouzan JP, 1986. Le Contact Homme-Glossine: Réactions Immunitaires à la Salive de Glossine. Communication OCCGE no. 27/IRTO/RAP/84. Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire: Institut de Recherches sur la Trypanosomiase et l’Onchocercose.
Courtin D, Jamonneau V, Mathieu J-F, Koffi M, Milet J, Yeminanga CS, Kumeso VK, Cuny G, Bilengue CM, Garcia A, 2006. Comparison of cytokine plasma levels in human African trypanosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 11 :647–653.
Magnus E, Vervoort T, van Meirvenne N, 1978. A card-agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (C.A.T.T.) for the serological diagnosis of T. B. gambiense trypanosomiasis. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 58 :169–176.
van Meirvenne N, Magnus E, Buscher P, 1995. Evaluation of variant specific trypanolysis tests for serodiagnosis of human infections with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Acta Trop 60 :189–199.
Gidudu AM, Cuisance D, Reifenberg JM, Frezil JL, 1995. Improving the salivation technique in the tsetse fly for the detection of infective metatripanosomes: study of the effect of biologic and non-biologic factors in the probing behavior of the tsetse fly. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 48 :153–160.
Shevchenko A, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mann M, 1996. Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Anal Chem 68 :850–858.
Cappello M, Bergum PW, Vlasuk GP, Furmidge BA, Pritchard DI, Aksoy S, 1996. Isolation and characterization of the tsetse thrombin inhibitor: a potent antithrombotic peptide from the saliva of Glossina morsitans morsitans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :475–480.
Aksoy S, Berriman M, Hall N, Hattori M, Hide W, Lehane MJ, 2005. A case for a Glossina genome project. Trends Parasitol 21 :107–111.
Hirai M, Wang J, Yoshida S, Ishii A, Matsuoka H, 2001. Characterization and identification of exflagellation-inducing factor in the salivary gland of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 287 :859–864.
Volf P, Rohousova I, 2001. Species-specific antigens in salivary glands of phlebotomine sandflies. Parasitology 122 :37–41.
Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Palosuo T, Francois G, Reunala T, 1997. Characterization of Aedes communis, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquito saliva antigens by immunoblotting. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 112 :169–174.
Valenzuela JG, Belkaid Y, Garfield MK, Mendez S, Kamhawi S, Rowton ED, Sacks DL, Ribeiro JM, 2001. Toward a defined anti-Leishmania vaccine targeting vector antigens: characterization of a protective salivary protein. J Exp Med 194 :331–342.
Cheng Q, Aksoy S, 1999. Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies. Insect Mol Biol 8 :125–132.
Boyle MDP, 1990. Bacterial Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins. San Diego CA, ed. San Diego: Academic Press.
Vincendeau P, Okomo-Assoumou MC, Semballa S, Fouquet C, Daulouede S, 1996. Immunology and immunopathology of African trypanosomiasis. Med Trop 56 :73–78.
Schoeler GB, Wikel SK, 2001. Modulation of host immunity by haematophagous arthropods. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :755–771.
James AA, 1994. Molecular and biochemical analysis of the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes. Bull Inst Pasteur 92 :133–150.
Thomson MC, Connor SJ, 2000. Environmental information systems for the control of arthropod vectors of disease. Med Vet Entomol 14 :227–244.
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The morbidity and mortality of vector-borne diseases is closely linked to exposure of the human host to vectors. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of individual exposure to arthropod bites by investigation of the specific immune response to vector saliva would make it possible to monitor individuals at risk of vectorial transmission of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibody (IgG) response to saliva from uninfected Glossina species, vectors, or non-vectors of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by detecting immunogenic proteins in humans residing in an area endemic for human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Our results suggest that the immunogenic profiles observed seemed specific to the Glossina species (vector or non-vector species) and to the infectious status of exposed individuals (infected or not infected). This preliminary work tends to support the feasibility of development of an epidemiologic tool based on this antibody response to salivary proteins.
Boa YF, Traore MA, Doua F, Kouassi-Traore MT, Kouassi BE, Giordano C, 1988. The different present-day clinical picture of human African trypanosomiasis caused by T. b. gambiense. Analysis of 300 cases from a focus in Daloa, Ivory Coast. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 81 :427–444.
World Health Organization, 1998. Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 881 :1–114.
van Nieuwenhove S, Betu-Ku-Mesu VK, Diabakana PM, Declercq J, Bilenge CM, 2001. Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade. Trop Med Int Health 6 :335–341.
World Health Organization, 2006. Human African trypanosomiasis. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 8 :69–80.
Hervouet JP, Laveissière C, 1987. Facteurs humains dans la transmission de la maladie du sommeil. Med Trop Nella Cooperazione Allo Sviluppo 3 :72–78.
Laveissiere C, Sane B, Meda HA, 1994. Measurement of risk in endemic areas of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :645–648.
Kuzoe F, Schofield C, 2005. Strategic Review of Traps and Targets for Tsetse and African Trypanosomiasis Control. Geneva: World Health Organization. TDR/IDE/TRY/05.1.
Ribeiro JM, Francischetti IM, 2003. Role of arthropod saliva in blood feeding: sialome and post-sialome perspectives. Annu Rev Entomol 48 :73–88.
Remoue F, Cornelie S, NGom A, Boulanger D, Simondon F, 2005. Immune responses to arthropod bites during vectorborne diseases. Garraud O, ed. Update in Tropical Immunology. Herala, India: Transworld Research Network, 377–400.
Schwartz BS, Ribeiro JM, Goldstein MD, 1990. Anti-tick antibodies: an epidemiologic tool in Lyme disease research. Am J Epidemiol 132 :58–66.
Lane RS, Moss RB, Hsu YP, Wei T, Mesirow ML, Kuo MM, 1999. Anti-arthropod saliva antibodies among residents of a community at high risk for Lyme disease in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :850–859.
Nascimento RJ, Santana JM, Lozzi SP, Araujo CN, Teixeira AR, 2001. Human IgG1 and IgG4: the main antibodies against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) salivary gland proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :219–226.
Palosuo K, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Mikkola J, Sahi T, Reunala T, 1997. Seasonal increase in human IgE and IgG4 anti-saliva antibodies to Aedes mosquito bites. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114 :367–372.
Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Palosuo K, Miyanij M, Ruiz-Maldonado R, Love A, Francois G, Palosuo T, 1994. Frequent occurrence of IgE and IgG4 antibodies against saliva of Aedes communis and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in children. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 104 :366–371.
Konishi E, 1990. Distribution of immunoglobulin G and E antibody levels to salivary gland extracts of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in several age groups of a Japanese population. J Med Entomol 27 :519–522.
Barral A, Honda E, Caldas A, Costa J, Vinhas V, Rowton ED, Valenzuela JG, Charlab R, Barral-Netto M, Ribeiro JM, 2000. Human immune response to sand fly salivary gland antigens: a useful epidemiological marker? Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :740–745.
Remoue F, Cisse B, Ba F, Sokhna C, Herve J-P, Boulanger D, Simondon F, 2006. Evaluation of the antibody response to Anopheles salivary antigens as a potential marker of risk of malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100 :363–370.
Gordon R, Crewe W, 1948. The mechanisms by witch mosquitoes and tsetse flies obtain their blood meals, the histology of the lesions produced and the subsequent reactions of the mammalian host; together with some observations on the feeding of Chrysops and Cimex. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 42 :334– 356.
Ellis JA, Shapiro SZ, ole Moi-Yoi O, Moloo SK, 1986. Lesions and saliva-specific antibody responses in rabbits with immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the bites of Glossina morsitans centralis. Vet Pathol 23 :661–667.
Penchenier L, Terrasse C, Diallo BP, Eouzan JP, 1986. Le Contact Homme-Glossine: Réactions Immunitaires à la Salive de Glossine. Communication OCCGE no. 27/IRTO/RAP/84. Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire: Institut de Recherches sur la Trypanosomiase et l’Onchocercose.
Courtin D, Jamonneau V, Mathieu J-F, Koffi M, Milet J, Yeminanga CS, Kumeso VK, Cuny G, Bilengue CM, Garcia A, 2006. Comparison of cytokine plasma levels in human African trypanosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 11 :647–653.
Magnus E, Vervoort T, van Meirvenne N, 1978. A card-agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (C.A.T.T.) for the serological diagnosis of T. B. gambiense trypanosomiasis. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 58 :169–176.
van Meirvenne N, Magnus E, Buscher P, 1995. Evaluation of variant specific trypanolysis tests for serodiagnosis of human infections with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Acta Trop 60 :189–199.
Gidudu AM, Cuisance D, Reifenberg JM, Frezil JL, 1995. Improving the salivation technique in the tsetse fly for the detection of infective metatripanosomes: study of the effect of biologic and non-biologic factors in the probing behavior of the tsetse fly. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 48 :153–160.
Shevchenko A, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mann M, 1996. Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Anal Chem 68 :850–858.
Cappello M, Bergum PW, Vlasuk GP, Furmidge BA, Pritchard DI, Aksoy S, 1996. Isolation and characterization of the tsetse thrombin inhibitor: a potent antithrombotic peptide from the saliva of Glossina morsitans morsitans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :475–480.
Aksoy S, Berriman M, Hall N, Hattori M, Hide W, Lehane MJ, 2005. A case for a Glossina genome project. Trends Parasitol 21 :107–111.
Hirai M, Wang J, Yoshida S, Ishii A, Matsuoka H, 2001. Characterization and identification of exflagellation-inducing factor in the salivary gland of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 287 :859–864.
Volf P, Rohousova I, 2001. Species-specific antigens in salivary glands of phlebotomine sandflies. Parasitology 122 :37–41.
Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Palosuo T, Francois G, Reunala T, 1997. Characterization of Aedes communis, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquito saliva antigens by immunoblotting. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 112 :169–174.
Valenzuela JG, Belkaid Y, Garfield MK, Mendez S, Kamhawi S, Rowton ED, Sacks DL, Ribeiro JM, 2001. Toward a defined anti-Leishmania vaccine targeting vector antigens: characterization of a protective salivary protein. J Exp Med 194 :331–342.
Cheng Q, Aksoy S, 1999. Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies. Insect Mol Biol 8 :125–132.
Boyle MDP, 1990. Bacterial Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins. San Diego CA, ed. San Diego: Academic Press.
Vincendeau P, Okomo-Assoumou MC, Semballa S, Fouquet C, Daulouede S, 1996. Immunology and immunopathology of African trypanosomiasis. Med Trop 56 :73–78.
Schoeler GB, Wikel SK, 2001. Modulation of host immunity by haematophagous arthropods. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 :755–771.
James AA, 1994. Molecular and biochemical analysis of the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes. Bull Inst Pasteur 92 :133–150.
Thomson MC, Connor SJ, 2000. Environmental information systems for the control of arthropod vectors of disease. Med Vet Entomol 14 :227–244.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 16 | 16 | 4 |
Full Text Views | 214 | 64 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 42 | 13 | 0 |