ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Stoltzfus RJ, 2001. Defining iron-deficiency anemia in public health terms: A time for reflection. J Nutr 131 :565–567.
-
2
DeMaeyer EM, Dallman PR, Gurney JM, Hallberg L, Sood SK, Srikantia SG, 1989. Preventing and Controlling Iron Deficiency Anaemia Through Primary Health Care: A Guide for Health Administrators and Program Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
3
DeMayer EM, Adiels-Tegman M, 1985. The prevalence of anaemia in the world. Wdl Hlth Statisc Quart 38 :302–316.
-
4
Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Wolf AW, 1991. Long-term developmental outcome of infants with iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 325 :687–694.
-
5
Lawless JW, Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Kinoti SN, Pertet AM, 1994. Iron supplementation, appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children. J Nutr 124 :645–654.
-
6
Dallman PR, 1987. Iron deficiency and the immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 46 :329–334.
-
7
Brabin BJ, Premji Z, Verhoeff F, 2001. An analysis of anemia and child mortality. J Nutr 131 :636–648.
-
8
Sturrock RF, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Gachare JW, Omondi BG, Ouma JH, 1996. Schistosomiasis mansoni in Kenya: Relationship between infection and anaemia in schoolchildren at the community level. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :48–54.
-
9
Stoltzfus RJ, Albonico M, Chwaya HM, Savioli L, Tielsch J, Schulze K, Ypi R, 1996. Hemoquant determination of hookworm-related blood loss and its role in iron deficiency in African children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :399–404.
-
10
Ramdath DD, Simeon DT, Wong MS, 1995. Iron status of schoolchildren with varying intensities of T. trichiura infection. Parasitology 110 :347–351.
-
11
Williams-Blangero S, Vandeberg JL, Subedi J, Aivaliotis MJ, Raj-Rai D, Upadhayay RP, Jha B, Blangero J, 2002. Genes on chromosomes 1 and 13 have significant effects on Ascaris infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 :5533–5548.
-
12
Katz N, Chaves A, Pelegrino J, 1972. A simple devise for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosoma mansoni.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
-
13
Gibson RS, 1990. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. First edition. New York: Oxford Universty Press.
-
14
Monsen ER, Balintfy JF, 1982. Calculating dietary iron biovailability: Refinement and computerization. J Am Diet Assoc 80 :307–311.
-
15
Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D, Brendel KA, Smith DC, Burton AH, Dicker RC, Sullivan K, Fagan RF, Arner TG, 1994. Epi Info, Version 6: A Word Processing Database and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control.
-
16
Stata Corporation, 1997. Stata Statistical Software Release 7.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation.
-
17
Maspes V, Tamigaki M, 1981. Anemia ancilostomótica: Estudo da fisiopatologia. Rev Saude Publica 15 :611–622.
-
18
Albonico M, Stoltzfus RJ, Savioli L, Tielsch JM, Chwaya HM, Ercole E, Cancrini G, 1998. Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children. Int J Epidemiol 27 :530–537.
-
19
Curtale F, Tilden R, Muhilal D, Vaidya Y, Pokhrel RP, Guerra R, 1993. Intestinal and risk of anaemia among Nepalese Children. Panminerva Med 35 :159–166.
-
20
Robertson LJ, Crompton DWT, Sanjur D, Nesheim MC, 1992. Haemoglobin concentrations and concomitant infections of hookworm and T. trichiura in Panamanaian primary schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :654–656.
-
21
Farinazzo RJM, Siqueira-Batista R, Lopes F, Júnior ANR, Quintas LEM, Corrêa AD, 1997. Bases patológicas da esquistossomose mansoni. Arq Bras Med 71 :107–110.
-
22
Salih SY, Marshal TF, Radalowicz A, 1979. Morbidity in relation to the clinical forms and intensity of infection in Schistosoma mansoni infections in the Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 73 :439–449.
-
23
Hiatt RA, Geber-Medhin M, 1977. Morbidity from Schistosoma mansoni infections: A epidemiologic study based on quantitative analysis of egg excretion in Ethiopian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22 :449–506.
-
24
Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Kaondera K, Sandstrüm B, Michaelsen KF, Vennervald BJ, Christensen NO, 1996. Serum concentration of micronutrients in relation to schistosomiasis and indicators of infection: A cross-sectional study among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr 50 :386–391.
-
25
Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Hall A, 1982. A comparative study of the nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of male roadworkers in four areas of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76 :734–740.
-
26
Beasley NMR, Tomkins AM, Hall A, Kihamia CM, Lorri WBN, Issae CN, Bundy DAP, 1999. The impact of population level deworming on the haemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in Tanga, Tanzânia. Trop Med Int Health 4 :744.
-
27
Parraga IM, Assis AMO, Prado MS, Barreto ML, Reis MG, King CH, Blanton RE, 1996. Gender differences in growth of school-aged children with schistosomiasis and geohelminth infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :150–156.
-
28
Assis AM, Barreto ML, Prado MS, Reis MG, Parraga IM, Blanton RE, 1998. Schistosoma mansoni infection and nutritional status in schoolchildren: a randomized, double-blind trial in northeastern Brazil. Am J Clin Nutr 68 :1247–1253.
-
29
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 1998. Preventing Iron Deficiency in Women and Children: Background and Consensus on Key Technical Issues and Resources for Advocacy, Planning and Implementing National Programmes. New York: UNICEF./UNU/WHO/MI-Technical Workshop.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 488 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 380 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 86 | 8 | 0 |
MODERATE- AND LOW-INTENSITY CO-INFECTIONS BY INTESTINAL HELMINTHS AND SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI, DIETARY IRON INTAKE, AND ANEMIA IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN
LUCIARA L. BRITO
LUCIARA L. BRITO
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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MAURÍCIO L. BARRETO
MAURÍCIO L. BARRETO
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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RITA DE CÁSSIA R. SILVA
RITA DE CÁSSIA R. SILVA
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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ANA MARLÚCIA O. ASSIS
ANA MARLÚCIA O. ASSIS
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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MITERMAYER G. REIS
MITERMAYER G. REIS
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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ISABEL M. PARRAGA
ISABEL M. PARRAGA
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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RONALD E. BLANTON
RONALD E. BLANTON
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola de Nutrição, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
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To determine the role of moderate- and low-intensity infections with Schistosoma mansoni and intestinal helminths (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides) on the prevalence of anemia and their relationship to iron consumption, a cross-section of 1,709 children in rural Brazil was studied. All participants were selected for infection with one or multiple helminthic parasites, and demographic, anthropometric, and dietary intake were surveyed. The prevalence and intensity were as follows: hookworm infection, 15.7% and 8.6 eggs/g; T. trichiura, 74.8% and 190.5 eggs/g; A. lumbricoides, 63% and 1,905.5 eggs/g; S. mansoni, 44.5% and 60.3 eggs/g. There was no increase in odds ratio for anemia with any combination of intestinal helminths without S. mansoni infection. By logistic regression, the odds ratio for having anemia when infected with S. mansoni and two intestinal helminths was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1–2.5) and for S. mansoni and three intestinal helminths was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2–4.6) compared with children with a single parasite species. Children with an adequate intake of iron had no increased odds of anemia independent of the combination of parasite infections.
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-
1
Stoltzfus RJ, 2001. Defining iron-deficiency anemia in public health terms: A time for reflection. J Nutr 131 :565–567.
-
2
DeMaeyer EM, Dallman PR, Gurney JM, Hallberg L, Sood SK, Srikantia SG, 1989. Preventing and Controlling Iron Deficiency Anaemia Through Primary Health Care: A Guide for Health Administrators and Program Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
3
DeMayer EM, Adiels-Tegman M, 1985. The prevalence of anaemia in the world. Wdl Hlth Statisc Quart 38 :302–316.
-
4
Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Wolf AW, 1991. Long-term developmental outcome of infants with iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 325 :687–694.
-
5
Lawless JW, Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Kinoti SN, Pertet AM, 1994. Iron supplementation, appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children. J Nutr 124 :645–654.
-
6
Dallman PR, 1987. Iron deficiency and the immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 46 :329–334.
-
7
Brabin BJ, Premji Z, Verhoeff F, 2001. An analysis of anemia and child mortality. J Nutr 131 :636–648.
-
8
Sturrock RF, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Gachare JW, Omondi BG, Ouma JH, 1996. Schistosomiasis mansoni in Kenya: Relationship between infection and anaemia in schoolchildren at the community level. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :48–54.
-
9
Stoltzfus RJ, Albonico M, Chwaya HM, Savioli L, Tielsch J, Schulze K, Ypi R, 1996. Hemoquant determination of hookworm-related blood loss and its role in iron deficiency in African children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :399–404.
-
10
Ramdath DD, Simeon DT, Wong MS, 1995. Iron status of schoolchildren with varying intensities of T. trichiura infection. Parasitology 110 :347–351.
-
11
Williams-Blangero S, Vandeberg JL, Subedi J, Aivaliotis MJ, Raj-Rai D, Upadhayay RP, Jha B, Blangero J, 2002. Genes on chromosomes 1 and 13 have significant effects on Ascaris infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 :5533–5548.
-
12
Katz N, Chaves A, Pelegrino J, 1972. A simple devise for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosoma mansoni.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14 :397–400.
-
13
Gibson RS, 1990. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. First edition. New York: Oxford Universty Press.
-
14
Monsen ER, Balintfy JF, 1982. Calculating dietary iron biovailability: Refinement and computerization. J Am Diet Assoc 80 :307–311.
-
15
Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D, Brendel KA, Smith DC, Burton AH, Dicker RC, Sullivan K, Fagan RF, Arner TG, 1994. Epi Info, Version 6: A Word Processing Database and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control.
-
16
Stata Corporation, 1997. Stata Statistical Software Release 7.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation.
-
17
Maspes V, Tamigaki M, 1981. Anemia ancilostomótica: Estudo da fisiopatologia. Rev Saude Publica 15 :611–622.
-
18
Albonico M, Stoltzfus RJ, Savioli L, Tielsch JM, Chwaya HM, Ercole E, Cancrini G, 1998. Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children. Int J Epidemiol 27 :530–537.
-
19
Curtale F, Tilden R, Muhilal D, Vaidya Y, Pokhrel RP, Guerra R, 1993. Intestinal and risk of anaemia among Nepalese Children. Panminerva Med 35 :159–166.
-
20
Robertson LJ, Crompton DWT, Sanjur D, Nesheim MC, 1992. Haemoglobin concentrations and concomitant infections of hookworm and T. trichiura in Panamanaian primary schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 :654–656.
-
21
Farinazzo RJM, Siqueira-Batista R, Lopes F, Júnior ANR, Quintas LEM, Corrêa AD, 1997. Bases patológicas da esquistossomose mansoni. Arq Bras Med 71 :107–110.
-
22
Salih SY, Marshal TF, Radalowicz A, 1979. Morbidity in relation to the clinical forms and intensity of infection in Schistosoma mansoni infections in the Sudan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 73 :439–449.
-
23
Hiatt RA, Geber-Medhin M, 1977. Morbidity from Schistosoma mansoni infections: A epidemiologic study based on quantitative analysis of egg excretion in Ethiopian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22 :449–506.
-
24
Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Kaondera K, Sandstrüm B, Michaelsen KF, Vennervald BJ, Christensen NO, 1996. Serum concentration of micronutrients in relation to schistosomiasis and indicators of infection: A cross-sectional study among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr 50 :386–391.
-
25
Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Hall A, 1982. A comparative study of the nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of male roadworkers in four areas of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76 :734–740.
-
26
Beasley NMR, Tomkins AM, Hall A, Kihamia CM, Lorri WBN, Issae CN, Bundy DAP, 1999. The impact of population level deworming on the haemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in Tanga, Tanzânia. Trop Med Int Health 4 :744.
-
27
Parraga IM, Assis AMO, Prado MS, Barreto ML, Reis MG, King CH, Blanton RE, 1996. Gender differences in growth of school-aged children with schistosomiasis and geohelminth infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :150–156.
-
28
Assis AM, Barreto ML, Prado MS, Reis MG, Parraga IM, Blanton RE, 1998. Schistosoma mansoni infection and nutritional status in schoolchildren: a randomized, double-blind trial in northeastern Brazil. Am J Clin Nutr 68 :1247–1253.
-
29
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 1998. Preventing Iron Deficiency in Women and Children: Background and Consensus on Key Technical Issues and Resources for Advocacy, Planning and Implementing National Programmes. New York: UNICEF./UNU/WHO/MI-Technical Workshop.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 488 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 380 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 86 | 8 | 0 |