ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Michael E, Bundy DA, Grenfell BT, 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
2
Ottesen EA, Duke BO, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
3
Beau de Rochars MV, Milord MD, St Jean Y, Desormeaux AM, Dorvil JJ, Lafontant JG, Addiss DG, Streit TG, 2004. Geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :598–601.
-
4
Beau de Rochars MV, Kanjilal S, Direny AN, Radday J, Lafontant JG, Mathieu E, Rheingans RD, Haddix AC, Streit TG, Beach MJ, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 2005. The Leogane, Haiti demonstration project: decreased microfilaremia and program costs after three years of mass drug administration. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :888–894.
-
5
Addiss DG, Beach MJ, Streit TG, Lutwick S, LeConte FH, Lafontant JG, Hightower AW, Lammie PJ, 1997. Randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in Haitian children. Lancet 350 :480–484.
-
6
Kimura E, Mataika JU, 1996. Control of lymphatic filariasis by annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine treatments. Parasitol Today 12 :240–244.
-
7
Ramaiah KD, Das PK, Vanamail P, Pani SP, 2003. The impact of six rounds of single-dose mass administration of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin on the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus and its implications for lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes. Trop Med Int Health 8 :1082–1092.
-
8
Kshirsagar NA, Gogtay NJ, Garg BS, Deshmukh PR, Rajgor DD, Kadam VS, Kirodian BG, Ingole NS, Mehendale AM, Fleckenstein L, Karbwang J, Lazdins-Helds JK, 2004. Safety, tolerability, efficacy and plasma concentrations of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole co-administration in a field study in an area endemic for lymphatic filariasis in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :205–217.
-
9
Ottesen EA, Vijayasekaran V, Kumaraswami V, Perumal Pillai SV, Sadanandam A, Frederick S, Prabhakar R, Tripathy SP, 1990. A controlled trial of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in lymphatic filariasis. N Engl J Med 322 :1113–1117.
-
10
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 4 :223–234.
-
11
Plaisier AP, Stolk WA, van Oortmarssen GJ, Habbema JD, 2000. Effectiveness of annual ivermectin treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Parasitol Today 16 :298–302.
-
12
Bradley MH, Kumaraswami V, 2004. 2.2 Essential tools—drugs and clinical drug trials. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :7–11.
-
13
Dreyer G, Pires ML, de Andrade LD, Lopes E, Medeiros Z, Tenorio J, Coutinho A, Noroes J, Figueredo-Silva J, 1994. Tolerance of diethylcarbamazine by microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individuals in an endemic area of bancroftian filariasis, Recife, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :232–236.
-
14
Mackenzie CDK, Kron MA, 1985. Diethylcarbamazine: A review of its action in onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and inflammation. Trop Dis Bull 82 :R1–R36.
-
15
El Setouhy M, Ramzy RM, Ahmed ES, Kandil AM, Hussain O, Farid HA, Helmy H, Weil GJ, 2004. A randomized clinical trial comparing single- and multi-dose combination therapy with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :191–196.
-
16
Supali T, Wibowo H, Ruckert P, Fischer K, Ismid IS, Purnomo, Djuardi Y, Fischer P, 2002. High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor Island, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :560–565.
-
17
Ramaiah KD, Das PK, Appavoo NC, Ramu K, Augustin DJ, Kumar KN, Chandrakala AV, 2000. A programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Tamil Nadu state, India: Compliance with annual single-dose DEC mass treatment and some related operational aspects. Trop Med Int Health 5 :842–847.
-
18
Supali T, Ismid IS, Ruckert P, Fischer P, 2002. Treatment of Brugia timori and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Indonesia using DEC or a combination of DEC and albendazole: Adverse reactions and short-term effects on microfilariae. Trop Med Int Health 7 :894–901.
-
19
Ottesen EA, 1985. Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. Rev Infect Dis 7 :341–356.
-
20
Addiss DG, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, McNeeley MB, Lee SH, McNeeley DF, Spencer HC, 1993. Comparative efficacy of clearing-dose and single high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine against Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :178–185.
-
21
Noroes J, Addiss D, Cedenho A, Figueredo-Silva J, Lima G, Dreyer G, 2003. Pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :561–566.
-
22
McLaughlin SI, Radday J, Michel MC, Addiss DG, Beach MJ, Lammie PJ, Lammie J, Rheingans R, Lafontant J, 2003. Frequency, severity, and costs of adverse reactions following mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in Leogane, Haiti, 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :568–573.
-
23
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Weiss N, 1997. The ICT filariasis test: A rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitol Today 13 :401–404.
-
24
Hawking F, 1979. Diethylcarbamazine and new compounds for the treatment of filariasis. Garattini SGA, Hawking F, Kopin IJ, Schnitzer RJ, eds. Advances in Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. New York: Academic Press, 129–194.
-
25
Fox LM, Furness BW, Haser JK, Desire D, Brissau JM, Milord MD, Lafontant J, Lammie PJ, Beach MJ, 2005. Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :115–121.
-
26
De Rochars MB, Direny AN, Roberts JM, Addiss DG, Radday J, Beach MJ, Streit TG, Dardith D, Lafontant JG, Lammie PJ, 2004. Community-wide reduction in prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths as a collateral benefit of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :466–470.
-
27
Rocha A, Addiss D, Ribeiro ME, Noroes J, Baliza M, Medeiros Z, Dreyer G, 1996. Evaluation of the Og4C3 ELISA in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: Infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. Trop Med Int Health 1 :859–864.
-
28
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Kabali C, Snow LC, Kazura JW, 2006. Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: endpoints and optimal interventions. Trends Parasitol 22 :226–233.
-
29
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5 :591–594.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 467 | 387 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 240 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 8 | 0 |
SYMPTOMS REPORTED AFTER MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION FOR LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN LEOGANE, HAITI
NATASHA HOCHBERG
NATASHA HOCHBERG
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by NATASHA HOCHBERG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by NATASHA HOCHBERG in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MARIE C. MICHEL
MARIE C. MICHEL
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by MARIE C. MICHEL in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MARIE C. MICHEL in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
PATRICK J. LAMMIE
PATRICK J. LAMMIE
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by PATRICK J. LAMMIE in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by PATRICK J. LAMMIE in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
ELS MATHIEU
ELS MATHIEU
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by ELS MATHIEU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by ELS MATHIEU in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
ABDEL N. DIRENY
ABDEL N. DIRENY
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by ABDEL N. DIRENY in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by ABDEL N. DIRENY in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
MADSEN BEAU DE ROCHARS
MADSEN BEAU DE ROCHARS
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by MADSEN BEAU DE ROCHARS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by MADSEN BEAU DE ROCHARS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
DAVID G. ADDISS
DAVID G. ADDISS
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, and Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Hospital Sainte Croix, Leogane, Haiti
Search for other papers by DAVID G. ADDISS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by DAVID G. ADDISS in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) can cause adverse reactions from microfilarial and adult worm death. Symptoms after the fifth annual MDA in Leogane, Haiti, were studied to determine whether they resulted from parasite death. Persons reporting post-MDA systemic symptoms at 5 of 148 drug distribution posts and men reporting scrotal pain at any post were interviewed. Participants were tested with immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), and men with scrotal symptoms were examined. At the five posts, 3,781 persons took anti-filarial medication. Of these, 314 (8%) returned with symptoms; the most common were headache (36%) and gastrointestinal complaints (28%). Of the 294 (94%) who consented to ICT testing, 47 (16%) were positive. Of 69 men with scrotal symptoms who consented to ICT testing, 18 (26.1%) were positive. After Leogane’s fifth MDA, most symptomatic persons had undetectable levels of filarial antigen by ICT. Free symptomatic treatment may motivate some people to report symptoms and seek care.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Michael E, Bundy DA, Grenfell BT, 1996. Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 112 :409–428.
-
2
Ottesen EA, Duke BO, Karam M, Behbehani K, 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull World Health Organ 75 :491–503.
-
3
Beau de Rochars MV, Milord MD, St Jean Y, Desormeaux AM, Dorvil JJ, Lafontant JG, Addiss DG, Streit TG, 2004. Geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :598–601.
-
4
Beau de Rochars MV, Kanjilal S, Direny AN, Radday J, Lafontant JG, Mathieu E, Rheingans RD, Haddix AC, Streit TG, Beach MJ, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ, 2005. The Leogane, Haiti demonstration project: decreased microfilaremia and program costs after three years of mass drug administration. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :888–894.
-
5
Addiss DG, Beach MJ, Streit TG, Lutwick S, LeConte FH, Lafontant JG, Hightower AW, Lammie PJ, 1997. Randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in Haitian children. Lancet 350 :480–484.
-
6
Kimura E, Mataika JU, 1996. Control of lymphatic filariasis by annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine treatments. Parasitol Today 12 :240–244.
-
7
Ramaiah KD, Das PK, Vanamail P, Pani SP, 2003. The impact of six rounds of single-dose mass administration of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin on the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus and its implications for lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes. Trop Med Int Health 8 :1082–1092.
-
8
Kshirsagar NA, Gogtay NJ, Garg BS, Deshmukh PR, Rajgor DD, Kadam VS, Kirodian BG, Ingole NS, Mehendale AM, Fleckenstein L, Karbwang J, Lazdins-Helds JK, 2004. Safety, tolerability, efficacy and plasma concentrations of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole co-administration in a field study in an area endemic for lymphatic filariasis in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98 :205–217.
-
9
Ottesen EA, Vijayasekaran V, Kumaraswami V, Perumal Pillai SV, Sadanandam A, Frederick S, Prabhakar R, Tripathy SP, 1990. A controlled trial of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in lymphatic filariasis. N Engl J Med 322 :1113–1117.
-
10
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 4 :223–234.
-
11
Plaisier AP, Stolk WA, van Oortmarssen GJ, Habbema JD, 2000. Effectiveness of annual ivermectin treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Parasitol Today 16 :298–302.
-
12
Bradley MH, Kumaraswami V, 2004. 2.2 Essential tools—drugs and clinical drug trials. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :7–11.
-
13
Dreyer G, Pires ML, de Andrade LD, Lopes E, Medeiros Z, Tenorio J, Coutinho A, Noroes J, Figueredo-Silva J, 1994. Tolerance of diethylcarbamazine by microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individuals in an endemic area of bancroftian filariasis, Recife, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :232–236.
-
14
Mackenzie CDK, Kron MA, 1985. Diethylcarbamazine: A review of its action in onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and inflammation. Trop Dis Bull 82 :R1–R36.
-
15
El Setouhy M, Ramzy RM, Ahmed ES, Kandil AM, Hussain O, Farid HA, Helmy H, Weil GJ, 2004. A randomized clinical trial comparing single- and multi-dose combination therapy with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :191–196.
-
16
Supali T, Wibowo H, Ruckert P, Fischer K, Ismid IS, Purnomo, Djuardi Y, Fischer P, 2002. High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor Island, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :560–565.
-
17
Ramaiah KD, Das PK, Appavoo NC, Ramu K, Augustin DJ, Kumar KN, Chandrakala AV, 2000. A programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Tamil Nadu state, India: Compliance with annual single-dose DEC mass treatment and some related operational aspects. Trop Med Int Health 5 :842–847.
-
18
Supali T, Ismid IS, Ruckert P, Fischer P, 2002. Treatment of Brugia timori and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Indonesia using DEC or a combination of DEC and albendazole: Adverse reactions and short-term effects on microfilariae. Trop Med Int Health 7 :894–901.
-
19
Ottesen EA, 1985. Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. Rev Infect Dis 7 :341–356.
-
20
Addiss DG, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ, McNeeley MB, Lee SH, McNeeley DF, Spencer HC, 1993. Comparative efficacy of clearing-dose and single high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine against Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 :178–185.
-
21
Noroes J, Addiss D, Cedenho A, Figueredo-Silva J, Lima G, Dreyer G, 2003. Pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :561–566.
-
22
McLaughlin SI, Radday J, Michel MC, Addiss DG, Beach MJ, Lammie PJ, Lammie J, Rheingans R, Lafontant J, 2003. Frequency, severity, and costs of adverse reactions following mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in Leogane, Haiti, 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :568–573.
-
23
Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Weiss N, 1997. The ICT filariasis test: A rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitol Today 13 :401–404.
-
24
Hawking F, 1979. Diethylcarbamazine and new compounds for the treatment of filariasis. Garattini SGA, Hawking F, Kopin IJ, Schnitzer RJ, eds. Advances in Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. New York: Academic Press, 129–194.
-
25
Fox LM, Furness BW, Haser JK, Desire D, Brissau JM, Milord MD, Lafontant J, Lammie PJ, Beach MJ, 2005. Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :115–121.
-
26
De Rochars MB, Direny AN, Roberts JM, Addiss DG, Radday J, Beach MJ, Streit TG, Dardith D, Lafontant JG, Lammie PJ, 2004. Community-wide reduction in prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths as a collateral benefit of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :466–470.
-
27
Rocha A, Addiss D, Ribeiro ME, Noroes J, Baliza M, Medeiros Z, Dreyer G, 1996. Evaluation of the Og4C3 ELISA in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: Infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. Trop Med Int Health 1 :859–864.
-
28
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Kabali C, Snow LC, Kazura JW, 2006. Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: endpoints and optimal interventions. Trends Parasitol 22 :226–233.
-
29
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5 :591–594.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 467 | 387 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 240 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 8 | 0 |