WHO, 2002. Control of Chagas disease. WHO Technical Report Series 905 :82–83.
Feliciangeli MD, Campbell–Lendrum D, Martinez C, Gonzalez D, Coleman P, Davies C, 2003. Chagas disease control in Venezuela: lessons for the Andean region and beyond. Trends Parasitol 19 :44–49.
Segura EL, Cura EN, Sosa Estani S, Andrade J, Lansetti JC, de Rissio AM, Campanini A, Blanco SB, Gürtler RE, Alvarez M, 2000. Long-term effects of a nationwide control program on the seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young men from Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :353–362.
Cohen JE, Gürtler RE, 2001. Modeling household transmission of American trypanosomiasis. Science 293 :694–698.
Minter DM, 1976. Effects on transmission to man of the presence of domestic animals in infested households, In: Pan American Health Organization, New Approaches in American Trypanosomiasis Research. Washington DC, Scientific Publication No. 318: 330–337.
Mott KE, Mota EA, Sherlock I, Hoff R, Muniz TM, Oliveira TS, Draper CC, 1978. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs and cats and household seroreactivity to T. cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27 :1123–1127.
Gürtler RE, Kravetz FO, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1990. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and the demography of dog population after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84 :313–323.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Petersen RM, Chuit R, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2005. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :95–103.
Wisnivesky-Colli C, Gürtler RE, Solarz ND, Lauricella MA, Segura EL, 1985. Epidemiological role of humans, dogs and cats in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a central area of Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 27 :346–352.
Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1998. Evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-western Argentina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92 :671–683.
Gürtler RE, Petersen RM, Schweigmann NJ, Cécere MC, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1994. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :27–30.
Cecere MC, Castañera MB, Canale DM, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1999. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans and other triatomines: long-term effects of a control program in rural northwestern Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 5 :392–399.
Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE, 2002. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 84 :101–116.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based identification of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in faeces of triatomine bugs from rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132 :57–65.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Castañera MB, Canale DM, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Cohen JE, Segura EL, 1996. Probability of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of the vector Triatoma infestans fed on infected humans and dogs in northwest Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :24–31.
Lauricella MA, Castañera MB, Gürtler RE, Segura EL, 1998. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagaś Disease) infection in naturally infected dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93 :501–507.
Kahn HA, Stempos CT, 1989. Statistical Methods in Epidemiology, Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Muench H, 1959. Catalytic Models in Epidemiology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gürtler RE, Cécere MC, Petersen RM, Rubel DN, Schweigmann NJ, 1993. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: association between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitaemia in dogs and cats and infection rates in domestic Triatoma infestans. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :12–15.
Cecere MC, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, 2004. Spatio-temporal analysis of reinfestation by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) during five years following insecticide spraying in a rural community in northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :803–810.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Marcet PL, Gürtler RE, 2005. Feeding rates, nutritional status and flight dispersal potential of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 95 :149–159.
Williams-Blangero S, Vandeberg JL, Blangero J, Teixeira AR, 1997. Genetic epidemiology of seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural Goias, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :538–543.
Marsden PD, 1997. The control of Latin American Trypanosomiasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 30 :521–527.
Barr SC, Dennis VA, Klei TR, 1991. Serologic and blood culture survey of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in four canine populations of southern Louisiana. Am J Vet Res 4 :570–573.
Schweigmann NJ, Pietrokovsky S, Bottazzi V, Conti O, Bujas MA, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1999. Estudio de la prevalencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en zarigüeyas (Didelphis albiventris) en Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 6 :371–377.
Vexenat AC, Santana JM, Teixeira AR, 1996. Cross-reactivity of antibodies in human infections by the kinetoplastid protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 38 :177–185.
Yadón ZE, Quigley MA, Davies CR, Rodrigues LC, Segura EL, 2001. Assessment of leishmaniasis notification system in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, 1990–1993. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :27–30.
Forattini OP, da Rocha de Silva EO, Rabello EX, Rehder de Andrade JC, Correia Rodrigues VLC, 1978. Aspectos ecológicos da tripanossomiase Americana: XIII. Potencial enzóotico doméstico em area de ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus sob vigilância epidemiológica. Rev Saude Publica 12 :417–424.
Anonymous, 1991. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
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Domestic dogs were used as natural sentinels to assess prospectively the long-term impact of selective, community-based spraying with pyrethroid insecticides after community-wide spraying on transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in rural villages under surveillance between 1992 and 2002. In 2000 and 2002 light infestations by Triatoma infestans were recorded, and 523 dogs and cats were examined serologically or by xenodiagnosis. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection in dogs decreased from 65% at baseline to 8.9% and 4.7% at 7.5 and 10 years after sustained vector surveillance, respectively. The average annual force of infection dropped 260-fold from 72.7 per 100 dog-years at baseline to <0.3% in 2002, as determined prospectively and retrospectively from the age-prevalence curve of native dogs born during surveillance. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prevalent cases in dogs in 2000 and 2002 were associated positively and significantly with the peak number of T. infestans caught in domestic areas at the dog’s compound during its lifetime. The sustained decline in T. cruzi infections in dogs and cats is the result of selective, community-based insecticide spraying that kept the abundance of infected T. infestans at marginal levels, fast host population turnover, and low immigration rates from areas with active transmission.
WHO, 2002. Control of Chagas disease. WHO Technical Report Series 905 :82–83.
Feliciangeli MD, Campbell–Lendrum D, Martinez C, Gonzalez D, Coleman P, Davies C, 2003. Chagas disease control in Venezuela: lessons for the Andean region and beyond. Trends Parasitol 19 :44–49.
Segura EL, Cura EN, Sosa Estani S, Andrade J, Lansetti JC, de Rissio AM, Campanini A, Blanco SB, Gürtler RE, Alvarez M, 2000. Long-term effects of a nationwide control program on the seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young men from Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :353–362.
Cohen JE, Gürtler RE, 2001. Modeling household transmission of American trypanosomiasis. Science 293 :694–698.
Minter DM, 1976. Effects on transmission to man of the presence of domestic animals in infested households, In: Pan American Health Organization, New Approaches in American Trypanosomiasis Research. Washington DC, Scientific Publication No. 318: 330–337.
Mott KE, Mota EA, Sherlock I, Hoff R, Muniz TM, Oliveira TS, Draper CC, 1978. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs and cats and household seroreactivity to T. cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27 :1123–1127.
Gürtler RE, Kravetz FO, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1990. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and the demography of dog population after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84 :313–323.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Petersen RM, Chuit R, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2005. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :95–103.
Wisnivesky-Colli C, Gürtler RE, Solarz ND, Lauricella MA, Segura EL, 1985. Epidemiological role of humans, dogs and cats in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a central area of Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 27 :346–352.
Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1998. Evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-western Argentina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92 :671–683.
Gürtler RE, Petersen RM, Schweigmann NJ, Cécere MC, Chuit R, Gualtieri JM, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1994. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: risk of domestic reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of deltamethrin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :27–30.
Cecere MC, Castañera MB, Canale DM, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1999. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans and other triatomines: long-term effects of a control program in rural northwestern Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 5 :392–399.
Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE, 2002. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 84 :101–116.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based identification of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in faeces of triatomine bugs from rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132 :57–65.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Castañera MB, Canale DM, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Cohen JE, Segura EL, 1996. Probability of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of the vector Triatoma infestans fed on infected humans and dogs in northwest Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :24–31.
Lauricella MA, Castañera MB, Gürtler RE, Segura EL, 1998. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagaś Disease) infection in naturally infected dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93 :501–507.
Kahn HA, Stempos CT, 1989. Statistical Methods in Epidemiology, Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Muench H, 1959. Catalytic Models in Epidemiology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gürtler RE, Cécere MC, Petersen RM, Rubel DN, Schweigmann NJ, 1993. Chagas disease in north-west Argentina: association between Trypanosoma cruzi parasitaemia in dogs and cats and infection rates in domestic Triatoma infestans. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :12–15.
Cecere MC, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, 2004. Spatio-temporal analysis of reinfestation by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) during five years following insecticide spraying in a rural community in northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :803–810.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Marcet PL, Gürtler RE, 2005. Feeding rates, nutritional status and flight dispersal potential of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 95 :149–159.
Williams-Blangero S, Vandeberg JL, Blangero J, Teixeira AR, 1997. Genetic epidemiology of seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural Goias, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :538–543.
Marsden PD, 1997. The control of Latin American Trypanosomiasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 30 :521–527.
Barr SC, Dennis VA, Klei TR, 1991. Serologic and blood culture survey of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in four canine populations of southern Louisiana. Am J Vet Res 4 :570–573.
Schweigmann NJ, Pietrokovsky S, Bottazzi V, Conti O, Bujas MA, Wisnivesky–Colli C, 1999. Estudio de la prevalencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en zarigüeyas (Didelphis albiventris) en Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 6 :371–377.
Vexenat AC, Santana JM, Teixeira AR, 1996. Cross-reactivity of antibodies in human infections by the kinetoplastid protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 38 :177–185.
Yadón ZE, Quigley MA, Davies CR, Rodrigues LC, Segura EL, 2001. Assessment of leishmaniasis notification system in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, 1990–1993. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :27–30.
Forattini OP, da Rocha de Silva EO, Rabello EX, Rehder de Andrade JC, Correia Rodrigues VLC, 1978. Aspectos ecológicos da tripanossomiase Americana: XIII. Potencial enzóotico doméstico em area de ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus sob vigilância epidemiológica. Rev Saude Publica 12 :417–424.
Anonymous, 1991. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 128 | 89 | 5 |
Full Text Views | 261 | 4 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 48 | 4 | 0 |