ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Huebner RJ, 1946. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. I. Isolation of the etiologic agent. Public Health Rep 61 :1605–1614.
-
2
Kulagin SM, 1952. Characteristics of endemic rickettsioses. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 12 :3–10.
-
3
Radulovic S, Feng HM, Morovic M, Djelaija B, Popov V, Croquet-Valdes P, Walker DH, 1996. Isolation of Rickettsia akari from a patient in a region where Mediterranean spotted fever is endemic. Clin Infect Dis 22 :216–220.
-
4
Ozturk MK, Gunes T, Kose M, Coker C, Radulovic S, 2003. Rickettsialpox in Turkey. Emerging Infect Dis 9 :1498–1499.
-
5
Brouqui P, Stein A, Tissot-Dupont H, Gallian P, Badiaga S, Rolain M, Mege JL, LaScola B, Berbis P, Raoult D, 2005. Ectoparasitism and vector-borne diseases in 930 homeless people from Marseilles. Medicine (Baltimore) 84 :61–68.
-
6
Badiali C, 1957. Ricerche sull’eventuale presenza di anticorpi anti-R. akari. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 8 :422–425.
-
7
Peacock MG, Ormsbee RA, Johnson KM, 1971. Rickettsioses of Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :941–949.
-
8
Gear J, 1954. The rickettsial diseases of southern Africa. A review of recent studies. S Afr J Clin Sci 5 :158–175.
-
9
Terzin AL, Gaon J, HadžIć M, Harlac H, Hlac a V, 1956. Some viral and rickettsial infections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bull World Health Organ 15 :299–316.
-
10
Greenberg M, Pellitteri O, Klein IF, 1947. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. II. Clinical observations. JAMA 133 :901–906.
-
11
Shankman B, 1946. Report of an outbreak of endemic febrile illness, not yet identified, occurring in New York City. N Y State Med J 46 :2156–2159.
-
12
Roueché B, 1947. The alerting of Mr. Pomerantz. New Yorker 23 :28–37.
-
13
Rose HM, 1949. The clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis of rickettsialpox. Ann Intern Med 31 :871–883.
-
14
Eremeeva M, Balayeva N, Ignatovich V, Raoult D, 1995. Genomic study of Rickettsia akari by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3022–3024.
-
15
Huebner RJ, Jellison WL, Pomerantz C, 1946. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. IV. Isolation of a rickettsia apparently identical with the causative agent of rickettsialpox from Allodermanyssus sanguineus, a rodent mite. Public Health Rep 61 :1677–1682.
-
16
Eustis EB, Fuller HS, 1952. Rickettsialpox. II. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from mites, Allodermanyssus sanguineus, from West Hartford, Conn. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 80 :546–549.
-
17
Huebner RJ, Jellison WL, Armstrong C, 1947. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. V. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from a house mouse (Mus musculus). Public Health Rep 62 :777–780.
-
18
Fuller HS, Murray ES, Ayres JC, Snyder JC, Potash L, 1951. Studies of rickettsialpox. I. Recovery of the causative agent from house mice in Boston, Massachusetts. Am J Hyg 54 :82–100.
-
19
Levi MI, Kiselev RI, Tchueva GI, Kislyakova, 1954. Epidemiology of vesicular rickettsiosis. Ann Kharkov Mechnikov Res Inst 20 :285–291.
-
20
Jackson EB, Danauskas JX, Coale MC, Smadel JE, 1957. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from the Korean vole Microtus fortis pelliceus. Am J Hyg 66 :301–308.
-
21
Paddock CD, Zaki SR, Koss T, Singleton J, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Cherry B, Childs JE, 2003. Rickettsialpox in New York City: a persistent urban zoonosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :36–44.
-
22
Koss T, Carter EL, Grossman ME, Silvers DN, Rabinowitz AD, Singleton J, Zaki SR, Paddock CD, 2003. Increased detection of rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: utilization of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism. Arch Dermatol 139 :1545–1552.
-
23
Comer JA, Tzianabos T, Flynn C, Vlahov D, Childs JE, 1999. Serologic evidence of rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in innercity Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :894–898.
-
24
Hébert GA, Tzianabos T, Gamble WC, Chappell WA, 1980. Development and characterization of high-titered, group-specific fluorescent-antibody reagents for direct identification of rickettsiae in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 11 :503–507.
-
25
Paddock CD, Greer PW, Ferebee TL, Singleton J, McKechnie DB, Treadwell TA, Krebs JW, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, Olson JG, Childs JE, Zaki SR, 1999. Hidden mortality attributable to Rocky Mountain spotted fever: immunohistochemical detection of fatal, serologically unconfirmed disease. J Infect Dis 179 :1469–1476.
-
26
Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Zaki SR, Goldsmith CS, Goddard J, McLellan SLF, Tamminga CL, Ohl CA, 2004. Rickettsia parkeri: a newly recognized cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 38 :805–811.
-
27
Lauer BA, Reller LB, Mirrett S, 1981. Comparison of acridine orange and gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 14 :201–205.
-
28
Massung RM, Davis LE, Slater K, McKechnie DB, Puerzer M, 2001. Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States. Clin Infect Dis 32 :979–982.
-
29
Tzianabos T, Anderson BE, McDade JE, 1989. Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii DNA in clinical specimens by using polymerase chain reaction technology. J Clin Microbiol 27 :2866–2868.
-
30
Dasch GA, Samms JR, Weiss E, 1978. Biochemical characteristics of typhus group rickettsiae with special attention to the Rickettsia prowazekii strains isolated from flying squirrels. Infect Immun 19 :676–685.
-
31
Eremeeva ME, Ching WM, Wu Y, Silverman DJ, Dasch GA, 1998. Western blotting analysis of heat shock proteins of Rickettsiales and other eubacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 167 :229–237.
-
32
McDade JE, 1969. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia by the plaque assay technique. Appl Microbiol 18 :133–135.
-
33
Smadel JE, Jackson EB, Gauld RL, 1947. Factors influencing the growth of rickettsiae. I. Rickettsiostatic effect of streptomycin in experimental infections. J Immunol 57 :272–284.
-
34
Demma LJ, Traeger MS, Nicholson WL, Paddock CD, Blau DM, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Levin ML, Singleton J, Zaki SR, Cheek JE, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2005. Rocky Mountain spotted fever from an unexpected tick vector in Arizona. N Engl J Med 353 :587–594.
-
35
Melles HH, Colombo S, da Silva MV, 1992. Febre maculosa: isolamento de rickettsia em amostra de biópsia de pele. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 34 :37–41.
-
36
La Scola B, Raoult D, 1996. Diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever by cultivation of Rickettsia conorii from blood and skin samples using the centrifugation-shell vial technique and by detection of R. conorii in circulating endothelial cells: a 6-year follow-up. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2722–2727.
-
37
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Fenollar F, Jensenius M, Prioe T, de Pina JJ, Caruso G, Jones N, Laferl H, Rosenblatt JE, Marrie TJ, 2001. Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med 344 :1504–1510.
-
38
Fournier PE, Xeridat B, Raoult D, 2003. Isolation of a rickettsia related to Astrakhan fever rickettsia from a patient in Chad. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :152–157.
-
39
Cazorla C, Enea M, Lucht F, Raoult D, 2003. First isolation of Rickettsia slovaca from a patient, France. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :135.
-
40
Vestris G, Rolain JM, Fournier PE, Birg ML, Enea M, Patrice JY, Raoult D, 2003. Seven years’ experience of isolation of Rickettsia spp. from clinical specimens using the shell vial cell culture assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :371–374.
-
41
Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2004. Suicide PCR on skin biopsy specimens for diagnosis of rickettsioses. J Clin Microbiol 42 :3428–3434.
-
42
Kass EM, Szaniawski WK, Levy H, Leach J, Srinivasan K, Rives C, 1991. Rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital, 1980–1989. N Engl J Med 331 :1612–1617.
-
43
Walker DH, Hudnall SD, Szaniawski WK, Feng H-M, 1999. Monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical diagnosis of rickettsialpox: the macrophage is the principal target. Mod Pathol 12 :529–533.
-
44
Shieh W-J, Guarner J, Paddock C, Greer P, Tatti K, Fischer M, Layton M, Philips M, Bresnitz E, Quinn CP, Popovic T, Perkins BA, Zaki SR, Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation Team, 2003. The critical role of pathology in the investigation of bio-terrorism-related cutaneous anthrax. Am J Pathol 163 :1901–1910.
-
45
Saini R, Pui JC, Burgin S, 2004. Rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 51 :S65–S70.
-
46
Watt G, Strickman D, 1994. Life-threatening scrub typhus in a traveler returning from Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 18 :624–626.
-
47
McQuiston JH, Paddock CD, Singleton J, Wheeling JT, Zaki SR, Childs JE, 2004. Imported spotted fever rickettsioses in United States travelers returning from Africa: a summary of cases confirmed by laboratory testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999–2002. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :98–101.
-
48
Brettman LR, Lewin S, Holzman RS, Goldman WD, Marr JS, Kechijian P, Schinella R, 1981. Rickettsialpox: report of an outbreak and a contemporary review. Medicine (Baltimore) 60 :363–372.
-
49
LaBocetta AC, Israel HL, Perri AM, Sigel MM, 1952. Rickettsialpox: report of four apparent cases in Pennsylvania. Am J Med 13 :413–422.
-
50
Hoeprich PD, Kent GT, Dingle JH, 1956. Rickettsialpox: report of a serologically proved case in Cleveland. N Engl J Med 254 :25–27.
-
51
Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D, 2005. Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 :719–756.
-
52
Paddock CD, 2005. Rickettsia parkeri as a paradigm for multiple causes of tick-borne spotted fever in the Western Hemisphere. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063 :315–326.
-
53
Krusell A, Comer JA, Sexton DJ, 2002. Rickettsialpox in North Carolina: a case report. Emerging Infect Dis 8 :727–728.
-
54
McDade JE, 1991. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: a perspective. Eur J Epidemiol 7 :270–275.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 274 | 193 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 227 | 5 | 0 |
ISOLATION OF RICKETTSIA AKARI FROM ESCHARS OF PATIENTS WITH RICKETTSIALPOX
CHRISTOPHER D. PADDOCK
CHRISTOPHER D. PADDOCK
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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TAMARA KOSS
TAMARA KOSS
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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MARINA E. EREMEEVA
MARINA E. EREMEEVA
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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GREGORY A. DASCH
GREGORY A. DASCH
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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SHERIF R. ZAKI
SHERIF R. ZAKI
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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JOHN W. SUMNER
JOHN W. SUMNER
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch and Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Rickettsialpox is a cosmopolitan, mite-borne, spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia akari. The disease is characterized by a primary eschar, fever, and a papulovesicular rash. Rickettsialpox was first identified in New York City in 1946 and the preponderance of recognized cases in the United States continues to originate from this large metropolitan center. The most recently isolated U.S. strain of R. akari was obtained more than a half century ago. We describe the culture and initial characterization of five contemporaneous isolates of R. akari obtained from eschar biopsy specimens from New York City patients with rickettsialpox. This work emphasizes the importance and utility of culture-and molecular-based methods for the diagnosis of rickettsialpox and other eschar-associated illnesses.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Huebner RJ, 1946. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. I. Isolation of the etiologic agent. Public Health Rep 61 :1605–1614.
-
2
Kulagin SM, 1952. Characteristics of endemic rickettsioses. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 12 :3–10.
-
3
Radulovic S, Feng HM, Morovic M, Djelaija B, Popov V, Croquet-Valdes P, Walker DH, 1996. Isolation of Rickettsia akari from a patient in a region where Mediterranean spotted fever is endemic. Clin Infect Dis 22 :216–220.
-
4
Ozturk MK, Gunes T, Kose M, Coker C, Radulovic S, 2003. Rickettsialpox in Turkey. Emerging Infect Dis 9 :1498–1499.
-
5
Brouqui P, Stein A, Tissot-Dupont H, Gallian P, Badiaga S, Rolain M, Mege JL, LaScola B, Berbis P, Raoult D, 2005. Ectoparasitism and vector-borne diseases in 930 homeless people from Marseilles. Medicine (Baltimore) 84 :61–68.
-
6
Badiali C, 1957. Ricerche sull’eventuale presenza di anticorpi anti-R. akari. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 8 :422–425.
-
7
Peacock MG, Ormsbee RA, Johnson KM, 1971. Rickettsioses of Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :941–949.
-
8
Gear J, 1954. The rickettsial diseases of southern Africa. A review of recent studies. S Afr J Clin Sci 5 :158–175.
-
9
Terzin AL, Gaon J, HadžIć M, Harlac H, Hlac a V, 1956. Some viral and rickettsial infections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bull World Health Organ 15 :299–316.
-
10
Greenberg M, Pellitteri O, Klein IF, 1947. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. II. Clinical observations. JAMA 133 :901–906.
-
11
Shankman B, 1946. Report of an outbreak of endemic febrile illness, not yet identified, occurring in New York City. N Y State Med J 46 :2156–2159.
-
12
Roueché B, 1947. The alerting of Mr. Pomerantz. New Yorker 23 :28–37.
-
13
Rose HM, 1949. The clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis of rickettsialpox. Ann Intern Med 31 :871–883.
-
14
Eremeeva M, Balayeva N, Ignatovich V, Raoult D, 1995. Genomic study of Rickettsia akari by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3022–3024.
-
15
Huebner RJ, Jellison WL, Pomerantz C, 1946. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. IV. Isolation of a rickettsia apparently identical with the causative agent of rickettsialpox from Allodermanyssus sanguineus, a rodent mite. Public Health Rep 61 :1677–1682.
-
16
Eustis EB, Fuller HS, 1952. Rickettsialpox. II. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from mites, Allodermanyssus sanguineus, from West Hartford, Conn. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 80 :546–549.
-
17
Huebner RJ, Jellison WL, Armstrong C, 1947. Rickettsialpox: a newly recognized rickettsial disease. V. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from a house mouse (Mus musculus). Public Health Rep 62 :777–780.
-
18
Fuller HS, Murray ES, Ayres JC, Snyder JC, Potash L, 1951. Studies of rickettsialpox. I. Recovery of the causative agent from house mice in Boston, Massachusetts. Am J Hyg 54 :82–100.
-
19
Levi MI, Kiselev RI, Tchueva GI, Kislyakova, 1954. Epidemiology of vesicular rickettsiosis. Ann Kharkov Mechnikov Res Inst 20 :285–291.
-
20
Jackson EB, Danauskas JX, Coale MC, Smadel JE, 1957. Recovery of Rickettsia akari from the Korean vole Microtus fortis pelliceus. Am J Hyg 66 :301–308.
-
21
Paddock CD, Zaki SR, Koss T, Singleton J, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Cherry B, Childs JE, 2003. Rickettsialpox in New York City: a persistent urban zoonosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :36–44.
-
22
Koss T, Carter EL, Grossman ME, Silvers DN, Rabinowitz AD, Singleton J, Zaki SR, Paddock CD, 2003. Increased detection of rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital following the anthrax outbreak of 2001: utilization of immunohistochemistry for the rapid confirmation of cases in an era of bioterrorism. Arch Dermatol 139 :1545–1552.
-
23
Comer JA, Tzianabos T, Flynn C, Vlahov D, Childs JE, 1999. Serologic evidence of rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) infection among intravenous drug users in innercity Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :894–898.
-
24
Hébert GA, Tzianabos T, Gamble WC, Chappell WA, 1980. Development and characterization of high-titered, group-specific fluorescent-antibody reagents for direct identification of rickettsiae in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 11 :503–507.
-
25
Paddock CD, Greer PW, Ferebee TL, Singleton J, McKechnie DB, Treadwell TA, Krebs JW, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, Olson JG, Childs JE, Zaki SR, 1999. Hidden mortality attributable to Rocky Mountain spotted fever: immunohistochemical detection of fatal, serologically unconfirmed disease. J Infect Dis 179 :1469–1476.
-
26
Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Zaki SR, Goldsmith CS, Goddard J, McLellan SLF, Tamminga CL, Ohl CA, 2004. Rickettsia parkeri: a newly recognized cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 38 :805–811.
-
27
Lauer BA, Reller LB, Mirrett S, 1981. Comparison of acridine orange and gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 14 :201–205.
-
28
Massung RM, Davis LE, Slater K, McKechnie DB, Puerzer M, 2001. Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States. Clin Infect Dis 32 :979–982.
-
29
Tzianabos T, Anderson BE, McDade JE, 1989. Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii DNA in clinical specimens by using polymerase chain reaction technology. J Clin Microbiol 27 :2866–2868.
-
30
Dasch GA, Samms JR, Weiss E, 1978. Biochemical characteristics of typhus group rickettsiae with special attention to the Rickettsia prowazekii strains isolated from flying squirrels. Infect Immun 19 :676–685.
-
31
Eremeeva ME, Ching WM, Wu Y, Silverman DJ, Dasch GA, 1998. Western blotting analysis of heat shock proteins of Rickettsiales and other eubacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 167 :229–237.
-
32
McDade JE, 1969. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia by the plaque assay technique. Appl Microbiol 18 :133–135.
-
33
Smadel JE, Jackson EB, Gauld RL, 1947. Factors influencing the growth of rickettsiae. I. Rickettsiostatic effect of streptomycin in experimental infections. J Immunol 57 :272–284.
-
34
Demma LJ, Traeger MS, Nicholson WL, Paddock CD, Blau DM, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Levin ML, Singleton J, Zaki SR, Cheek JE, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2005. Rocky Mountain spotted fever from an unexpected tick vector in Arizona. N Engl J Med 353 :587–594.
-
35
Melles HH, Colombo S, da Silva MV, 1992. Febre maculosa: isolamento de rickettsia em amostra de biópsia de pele. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 34 :37–41.
-
36
La Scola B, Raoult D, 1996. Diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever by cultivation of Rickettsia conorii from blood and skin samples using the centrifugation-shell vial technique and by detection of R. conorii in circulating endothelial cells: a 6-year follow-up. J Clin Microbiol 34 :2722–2727.
-
37
Raoult D, Fournier PE, Fenollar F, Jensenius M, Prioe T, de Pina JJ, Caruso G, Jones N, Laferl H, Rosenblatt JE, Marrie TJ, 2001. Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med 344 :1504–1510.
-
38
Fournier PE, Xeridat B, Raoult D, 2003. Isolation of a rickettsia related to Astrakhan fever rickettsia from a patient in Chad. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :152–157.
-
39
Cazorla C, Enea M, Lucht F, Raoult D, 2003. First isolation of Rickettsia slovaca from a patient, France. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :135.
-
40
Vestris G, Rolain JM, Fournier PE, Birg ML, Enea M, Patrice JY, Raoult D, 2003. Seven years’ experience of isolation of Rickettsia spp. from clinical specimens using the shell vial cell culture assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990 :371–374.
-
41
Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2004. Suicide PCR on skin biopsy specimens for diagnosis of rickettsioses. J Clin Microbiol 42 :3428–3434.
-
42
Kass EM, Szaniawski WK, Levy H, Leach J, Srinivasan K, Rives C, 1991. Rickettsialpox in a New York City hospital, 1980–1989. N Engl J Med 331 :1612–1617.
-
43
Walker DH, Hudnall SD, Szaniawski WK, Feng H-M, 1999. Monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical diagnosis of rickettsialpox: the macrophage is the principal target. Mod Pathol 12 :529–533.
-
44
Shieh W-J, Guarner J, Paddock C, Greer P, Tatti K, Fischer M, Layton M, Philips M, Bresnitz E, Quinn CP, Popovic T, Perkins BA, Zaki SR, Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation Team, 2003. The critical role of pathology in the investigation of bio-terrorism-related cutaneous anthrax. Am J Pathol 163 :1901–1910.
-
45
Saini R, Pui JC, Burgin S, 2004. Rickettsialpox: report of three cases and a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 51 :S65–S70.
-
46
Watt G, Strickman D, 1994. Life-threatening scrub typhus in a traveler returning from Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 18 :624–626.
-
47
McQuiston JH, Paddock CD, Singleton J, Wheeling JT, Zaki SR, Childs JE, 2004. Imported spotted fever rickettsioses in United States travelers returning from Africa: a summary of cases confirmed by laboratory testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999–2002. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :98–101.
-
48
Brettman LR, Lewin S, Holzman RS, Goldman WD, Marr JS, Kechijian P, Schinella R, 1981. Rickettsialpox: report of an outbreak and a contemporary review. Medicine (Baltimore) 60 :363–372.
-
49
LaBocetta AC, Israel HL, Perri AM, Sigel MM, 1952. Rickettsialpox: report of four apparent cases in Pennsylvania. Am J Med 13 :413–422.
-
50
Hoeprich PD, Kent GT, Dingle JH, 1956. Rickettsialpox: report of a serologically proved case in Cleveland. N Engl J Med 254 :25–27.
-
51
Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D, 2005. Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev 18 :719–756.
-
52
Paddock CD, 2005. Rickettsia parkeri as a paradigm for multiple causes of tick-borne spotted fever in the Western Hemisphere. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063 :315–326.
-
53
Krusell A, Comer JA, Sexton DJ, 2002. Rickettsialpox in North Carolina: a case report. Emerging Infect Dis 8 :727–728.
-
54
McDade JE, 1991. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: a perspective. Eur J Epidemiol 7 :270–275.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 274 | 193 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 227 | 5 | 0 |