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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Burgess I, 1994. Sarcoptes scabiei and scabies. Adv Parasitol 33 :235–292.
-
2
Van Neste D, 1986. Immunology of scabies. Parasitol 2 :194–195.
-
3
Mellanby K, 1944. The development of symptoms, parasitic infection and immunity in human scabies. Parasitol 35 :197–206.
-
4
Brook I, 1995. Microbiology of secondary bacterial infection in scabies lesions. J Clin Micro 33 :2139–2140.
-
5
Currie BJ, Carapetis J, 2000. Skin infections and infestations in Aboriginal communities in northern Australia. Aust J Dermatol 41 :139–143.
-
6
Walton SF, Holt DC, Currie BJ, Kemp DJ, 2004. Scabies: New future for a neglected disease. Adv Parasitol 57 :309–376.
-
7
Fischer K, Holt DC, Harumal P, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2003. Generation and characterisation of cDNA clones from Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis for an expressed sequence tag library: Identification of homologues of house dust mite allergens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :61–64.
-
8
Holt DC, Fischer K, Allen GE, Wilson D, Wilson P, Slade R, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2003. Mechanisms for a novel immune evasion strategy in the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei: A multigene family of inactivated serine proteases. J Invest Dermatol 121 :1419–1424.
-
9
Mattsson JG, Ljunggren EL, Bergstrom K, 2001. Paramyosin from the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei: cDNA cloning and heterologous expression. Parasitology 122 :555–562.
-
10
Thomas WR, Smith W, 1999. Towards defining the full spectrum of important house dust mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 29 :1583–1587.
-
11
Stewart GA, Bird CH, Krska KD, Colloff MJ, Thompson PJ, 1992. A comparative study of allergenic and potentially allergenic enzymes from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei. Exp Appl Acarol 16 :165–180.
-
12
Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Taylor GW, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Cannell MB, Stewart GA, Garrod DR, Robinson C, 2001. The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy 31 :279–294.
-
13
Arlian LG, Rapp CM, Morgan MS, 1995. Resistance and immune response in scabies-infested hosts immunised with Dermatophagoides mites. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :539–545.
-
14
Holt DC, Fischer K, Pizzutto SJ, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2004. A multigene family of inactivated cysteine proteases in Sarcoptes scabiei. J Invest Dermatol 123 :240–241.
-
15
Ross J, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Wang Y, 2003. Serine proteases and their homologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome: an initial analysis of sequence conservation and phylogenetic relationships. Gene 304 :117–131.
-
16
Dougall A, Holt DC, Fischer K, Currie BJ, Kemp DJ, Walton SF, 2005. Identification and characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus glutathione S-transferases: Implication as a potential major allergen in crusted scabies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :977–984.
-
17
Bi X, Gao Y, Chew F, 2005. Blo t 5, the major allergen from dust mite Blomia tropicalis, is secreted from the mite stomach and gut epithelial and is associated with gut and faecal contents. The 62nd American Academy of Allergy and Immunology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, USA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 :S91.
-
18
Desch CE, Andrews JRH, Arlian LG, (1991). The digestive system of Sarcoptes scabiei (L.): Light and electron microscope study. Dusbabek F, Bukva V, eds. Modern Acarology. The Hague: Prague and SPB Academic Publishing, Blo t 5, the major allergen from dust mite Blomia tropicalis, is secreted from the mite stomach and gut epithelial and is associated with gut and faecal contents. The 62nd American Academy of Allergy and Immunology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, USA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 271–279.
-
19
Heilson B, 1946. Studies on Acarus scabiei and scabies. Acta Derm Venereol 26 :1370.
-
20
Rapp CM, Morgan MS, Arlian LG, 2006. Presence of host immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). J Med Entomol 43 :539–542.
-
21
Pettersson EU, Ljunggren EL, Morrison DA, Mattsson JG, 2005. Functional analysis and localisation of a delta-class glutathione S-transferase from Sarcoptes scabiei. Int J Parasitol 35 :39–48.
-
22
Wikel SK, 1979. Acquired resistance to ticks: Expression of resistance by C4-deficient guinea pigs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :586–590.
-
23
Tovey ER, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TAE, 1981. Mite faeces are a major source of house dust allergens. Nature 289 :592–593.
-
24
Asgari S, Zhang G, Zareie R, Schmidt O, 2003. A serine proteinase homolog venom protein from an endoparasitoid wasp inhibits melanization of the host hemolymph. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33 :1017–1024.
-
25
Zhang G, Lu ZQ, Jiang H, Asgari S, 2004. Negative regulation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation by a clip-domain serine proteinase homolog (SPH) from endoparasitoid venom. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 34 :477–483.
-
26
Caubet C, Jonca N, Brattsand M, Guerrin M, Bernard D, Schmidt R, Egelrud T, Simon M, Serre G, 2004. Degradation of corneodesmosome proteins by two serine proteases of the kallikrein family, SCTE/KLK5/hK5 and SCCE/KLK7/hK7. J Invest Dermatol 122 :1235–1244.
-
27
Pils B, Schultz J, 2004. Inactive enzyme-homologues find new function in regulatory processes. J Mol Biol 340 :399–404.
-
28
Simser JA, Mulenga A, Macaluso KR, Azad AF, 2004. An immune responsive factor D-like serine proteinase homologue identified from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. Insect Mol Biol 13 :25–35.
-
29
Carapetis J, Currie B, 1996. Group A streptococcus, pyoderma, and rheumatic fever. Lancet 347 :1271–1272.
-
30
McDonald M, Currie BJ, Carapetis JR, 2004. Acute rheumatic fever: A chink in the chain that links the heart to the throat? Lancet Infect Dis 4 :240–245.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 269 | 215 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 310 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 69 | 4 | 0 |
SCABIES MITE INACTIVATED SERINE PROTEASE PARALOGUES ARE PRESENT BOTH INTERNALLY IN THE MITE GUT AND EXTERNALLY IN FECES
CHARLENE WILLIS
CHARLENE WILLIS
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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KATJA FISCHER
KATJA FISCHER
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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SHELLEY F. WALTON
SHELLEY F. WALTON
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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BART J. CURRIE
BART J. CURRIE
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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DAVID J. KEMP
DAVID J. KEMP
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, is the causative agent of scabies, a disease that is common among disadvantaged populations and facilitates streptococcal infections with serious sequelae. Previously, we encountered large families of genes encoding paralogues of house dust mite protease allergens with their catalytic sites inactivated by mutation (scabies mite inactivated protease paralogues [SMIPPs]). We postulated that SMIPPs have evolved as an adaptation to the parasitic lifestyle of the scabies mite, functioning as competitive inhibitors of proteases involved in the host–parasite interaction. To propose testable hypotheses for their functions, it is essential to know their locations in the mite. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that SMIPPs exist in two compartments: 1) internal to the mite in the gut and 2) external to the mite after excretion from the gut in scybala (fecal pellets). SMIPPs may well function in both of these compartments to evade host proteases.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Burgess I, 1994. Sarcoptes scabiei and scabies. Adv Parasitol 33 :235–292.
-
2
Van Neste D, 1986. Immunology of scabies. Parasitol 2 :194–195.
-
3
Mellanby K, 1944. The development of symptoms, parasitic infection and immunity in human scabies. Parasitol 35 :197–206.
-
4
Brook I, 1995. Microbiology of secondary bacterial infection in scabies lesions. J Clin Micro 33 :2139–2140.
-
5
Currie BJ, Carapetis J, 2000. Skin infections and infestations in Aboriginal communities in northern Australia. Aust J Dermatol 41 :139–143.
-
6
Walton SF, Holt DC, Currie BJ, Kemp DJ, 2004. Scabies: New future for a neglected disease. Adv Parasitol 57 :309–376.
-
7
Fischer K, Holt DC, Harumal P, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2003. Generation and characterisation of cDNA clones from Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis for an expressed sequence tag library: Identification of homologues of house dust mite allergens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :61–64.
-
8
Holt DC, Fischer K, Allen GE, Wilson D, Wilson P, Slade R, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2003. Mechanisms for a novel immune evasion strategy in the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei: A multigene family of inactivated serine proteases. J Invest Dermatol 121 :1419–1424.
-
9
Mattsson JG, Ljunggren EL, Bergstrom K, 2001. Paramyosin from the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei: cDNA cloning and heterologous expression. Parasitology 122 :555–562.
-
10
Thomas WR, Smith W, 1999. Towards defining the full spectrum of important house dust mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 29 :1583–1587.
-
11
Stewart GA, Bird CH, Krska KD, Colloff MJ, Thompson PJ, 1992. A comparative study of allergenic and potentially allergenic enzymes from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei. Exp Appl Acarol 16 :165–180.
-
12
Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Taylor GW, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Cannell MB, Stewart GA, Garrod DR, Robinson C, 2001. The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy 31 :279–294.
-
13
Arlian LG, Rapp CM, Morgan MS, 1995. Resistance and immune response in scabies-infested hosts immunised with Dermatophagoides mites. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52 :539–545.
-
14
Holt DC, Fischer K, Pizzutto SJ, Currie BJ, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, 2004. A multigene family of inactivated cysteine proteases in Sarcoptes scabiei. J Invest Dermatol 123 :240–241.
-
15
Ross J, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Wang Y, 2003. Serine proteases and their homologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome: an initial analysis of sequence conservation and phylogenetic relationships. Gene 304 :117–131.
-
16
Dougall A, Holt DC, Fischer K, Currie BJ, Kemp DJ, Walton SF, 2005. Identification and characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus glutathione S-transferases: Implication as a potential major allergen in crusted scabies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :977–984.
-
17
Bi X, Gao Y, Chew F, 2005. Blo t 5, the major allergen from dust mite Blomia tropicalis, is secreted from the mite stomach and gut epithelial and is associated with gut and faecal contents. The 62nd American Academy of Allergy and Immunology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, USA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 :S91.
-
18
Desch CE, Andrews JRH, Arlian LG, (1991). The digestive system of Sarcoptes scabiei (L.): Light and electron microscope study. Dusbabek F, Bukva V, eds. Modern Acarology. The Hague: Prague and SPB Academic Publishing, Blo t 5, the major allergen from dust mite Blomia tropicalis, is secreted from the mite stomach and gut epithelial and is associated with gut and faecal contents. The 62nd American Academy of Allergy and Immunology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, USA. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 271–279.
-
19
Heilson B, 1946. Studies on Acarus scabiei and scabies. Acta Derm Venereol 26 :1370.
-
20
Rapp CM, Morgan MS, Arlian LG, 2006. Presence of host immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). J Med Entomol 43 :539–542.
-
21
Pettersson EU, Ljunggren EL, Morrison DA, Mattsson JG, 2005. Functional analysis and localisation of a delta-class glutathione S-transferase from Sarcoptes scabiei. Int J Parasitol 35 :39–48.
-
22
Wikel SK, 1979. Acquired resistance to ticks: Expression of resistance by C4-deficient guinea pigs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28 :586–590.
-
23
Tovey ER, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TAE, 1981. Mite faeces are a major source of house dust allergens. Nature 289 :592–593.
-
24
Asgari S, Zhang G, Zareie R, Schmidt O, 2003. A serine proteinase homolog venom protein from an endoparasitoid wasp inhibits melanization of the host hemolymph. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 33 :1017–1024.
-
25
Zhang G, Lu ZQ, Jiang H, Asgari S, 2004. Negative regulation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation by a clip-domain serine proteinase homolog (SPH) from endoparasitoid venom. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 34 :477–483.
-
26
Caubet C, Jonca N, Brattsand M, Guerrin M, Bernard D, Schmidt R, Egelrud T, Simon M, Serre G, 2004. Degradation of corneodesmosome proteins by two serine proteases of the kallikrein family, SCTE/KLK5/hK5 and SCCE/KLK7/hK7. J Invest Dermatol 122 :1235–1244.
-
27
Pils B, Schultz J, 2004. Inactive enzyme-homologues find new function in regulatory processes. J Mol Biol 340 :399–404.
-
28
Simser JA, Mulenga A, Macaluso KR, Azad AF, 2004. An immune responsive factor D-like serine proteinase homologue identified from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. Insect Mol Biol 13 :25–35.
-
29
Carapetis J, Currie B, 1996. Group A streptococcus, pyoderma, and rheumatic fever. Lancet 347 :1271–1272.
-
30
McDonald M, Currie BJ, Carapetis JR, 2004. Acute rheumatic fever: A chink in the chain that links the heart to the throat? Lancet Infect Dis 4 :240–245.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 269 | 215 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 310 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 69 | 4 | 0 |