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Reference Manager
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1
World Health Organization, 2003. Assessment and Monitoring of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization. Technical document WHO/HTM/RBM/2003.50.
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2
Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburg C, ter Kuile FO, Paiphun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1996. Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet 347 :1654–1658.
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3
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JU, Sadiq A, Duraisignh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352–357.
-
4
Adjuik M, Agnamey P, Babiker A, Borrman S, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Cobelens F, Diallo S, Faucher JF, Garner P, Gikunda S, Kremsner PG, Krishna S, Lell B, Loolpapit M, Matsiegui P-B, Missinou MA, Mwanza J, Ntoumi F, Olliaro P, Osimbo P, Rezbach P, Some E, Taylor WR, 2002. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, muticentre trial. Lancet 359 :1365–1372.
-
5
Méndez F, Muñoz A, Carrasquilla G, Jurado D, Arévalo-Herrera M, Cortese JF, Plowe CV, 2002. Determinants of treatment response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and subsequent transmission potential in falciparum malaria. Am J Epidemiol 156 :230–238.
-
6
Gasasira AF, Dorsey G, Nzarubara B, Staedke SG, Nassali A, Rosenthal PJ, Kamya MR, 2003. Comparative efficacy of aminoquinoline-antifolate combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :127–132.
-
7
Méndez F, Carrasquilla G, Muñoz A, 2000. Risk factors associated with malaria infection in an urban setting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :367–371.
-
8
Matthews JNS, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, Royston P, 1990. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. BMJ 300 :230–235.
-
9
Plowe CV, Cortese JF, Djimde A, Nwanyanwu OC, Watkins WM, Winstanley PA, Estrada-Franco JG, Mollinedo RE, Avila JC, Cespedes JL, Carter D, Doumbo OK, 1997. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine use and resistance. J Infect Dis 176 :1590–1596.
-
10
Sutherland C, Alloueche A, Curtis J, Drakeley CJ, Ord R, Durainsingh M, Greenwood BM, Pinder M, Warhust D, Targett GA, 2002. Gambian children successfully treated with chloroquine can harbor and transmit Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes carrying resistance genes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :578–585.
-
11
Sutanto I, Supriyanto S, Ruckert P, Purnomo, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, 2004. Comparative efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and impact on gametocyte carriage rates in the east Nusatenggara province of Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :467–473.
-
12
Robert V, Awono-Ambene HP, Le Hesran JY, Trape JF, 2000. Gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks treated with chloroquine or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :210–216.
-
13
International Artemisinin Study Group, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9–17.
-
14
Piyaphanee W, Krudsood S, Tangpukdee N, Thanachartwet W, Silachamroom U, Phopak N, Duangdee Ch, Haoharn O, Faithong S, Wilairatana P, Leowattana W, Looareesuwan S, 2006. Emergence and clearance of gametocytes in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :432–435.
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15
Barnes KI, White NJ, 2005. Population biology and antimalarial resistance: the transmission of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Acta Trop 94 :230–240.
-
16
Nosten F, van Vugt M, Luxemburg C, Thway KL, Brockman A, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 2000. Effects of artesunate-mefloquine combination on incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mefloquine resistance in western Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet 356 :297–302.
-
17
Lensen A, von Druten J, Bolmer M, van Gemert G, Eling W, Sauerwein R, 1996. Measurement by membrane feeding of reduction in Plasmodium falciparum transmission induced by endemic area. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :20–22.
-
18
Targett G, Drakeley Ch, Jawara M, von Seidlen L, Coleman R, Deen J, Pinden M, Doherty T, Sutherland C, Walraven G, Miligan P, 2001. Artesunate reduces but does not prevent post-treatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. J Infect Dis 183 :1254–1259.
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| Abstract Views | 701 | 627 | 301 |
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USE OF AREA UNDER THE CURVE TO CHARACTERIZE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL AFTER ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT
FABIÁN MÉNDEZ
FABIÁN MÉNDEZ
Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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ÁLVARO MUÑOZ
ÁLVARO MUÑOZ
Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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CHRISTOPHER V. PLOWE
CHRISTOPHER V. PLOWE
Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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To evaluate transmission potential of Plasmodium falciparum, we use the area under the curve (AUC) of gametocyte levels after treatment as an approach to combine their duration and magnitude. Analysis of determinants of AUC was based on two main exposures: parasite clearance time (PCT) and presence of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase mutations associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in vitro. Exposures were determined based on the first three days after treatment with SP of 96 individuals who had malaria, cleared parasitemia by days 1–3, and were followed-up for 21 days. Using regression methods, we characterized both the heterogeneity of the presence of gametocytes (AUC > 0) and the magnitude of the AUC among those with an AUC > 0. A PCT of two or three days was associated with a substantial and highly significant odds ratio for presence of gametocytes. Among those who developed gametocytes, if their clearance time was 3 days or if they had any mutations (1 or 2) the magnitude of gametocytemia was ≥ 3-fold. Methods presented are applicable to both observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of therapies on transmission potential.
Author Notes
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-
1
World Health Organization, 2003. Assessment and Monitoring of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization. Technical document WHO/HTM/RBM/2003.50.
-
2
Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburg C, ter Kuile FO, Paiphun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1996. Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet 347 :1654–1658.
-
3
von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JU, Sadiq A, Duraisignh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T, 2000. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial. Lancet 355 :352–357.
-
4
Adjuik M, Agnamey P, Babiker A, Borrman S, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Cobelens F, Diallo S, Faucher JF, Garner P, Gikunda S, Kremsner PG, Krishna S, Lell B, Loolpapit M, Matsiegui P-B, Missinou MA, Mwanza J, Ntoumi F, Olliaro P, Osimbo P, Rezbach P, Some E, Taylor WR, 2002. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, muticentre trial. Lancet 359 :1365–1372.
-
5
Méndez F, Muñoz A, Carrasquilla G, Jurado D, Arévalo-Herrera M, Cortese JF, Plowe CV, 2002. Determinants of treatment response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and subsequent transmission potential in falciparum malaria. Am J Epidemiol 156 :230–238.
-
6
Gasasira AF, Dorsey G, Nzarubara B, Staedke SG, Nassali A, Rosenthal PJ, Kamya MR, 2003. Comparative efficacy of aminoquinoline-antifolate combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 :127–132.
-
7
Méndez F, Carrasquilla G, Muñoz A, 2000. Risk factors associated with malaria infection in an urban setting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :367–371.
-
8
Matthews JNS, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, Royston P, 1990. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. BMJ 300 :230–235.
-
9
Plowe CV, Cortese JF, Djimde A, Nwanyanwu OC, Watkins WM, Winstanley PA, Estrada-Franco JG, Mollinedo RE, Avila JC, Cespedes JL, Carter D, Doumbo OK, 1997. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine use and resistance. J Infect Dis 176 :1590–1596.
-
10
Sutherland C, Alloueche A, Curtis J, Drakeley CJ, Ord R, Durainsingh M, Greenwood BM, Pinder M, Warhust D, Targett GA, 2002. Gambian children successfully treated with chloroquine can harbor and transmit Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes carrying resistance genes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67 :578–585.
-
11
Sutanto I, Supriyanto S, Ruckert P, Purnomo, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, 2004. Comparative efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and impact on gametocyte carriage rates in the east Nusatenggara province of Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :467–473.
-
12
Robert V, Awono-Ambene HP, Le Hesran JY, Trape JF, 2000. Gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks treated with chloroquine or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :210–216.
-
13
International Artemisinin Study Group, 2004. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 :9–17.
-
14
Piyaphanee W, Krudsood S, Tangpukdee N, Thanachartwet W, Silachamroom U, Phopak N, Duangdee Ch, Haoharn O, Faithong S, Wilairatana P, Leowattana W, Looareesuwan S, 2006. Emergence and clearance of gametocytes in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :432–435.
-
15
Barnes KI, White NJ, 2005. Population biology and antimalarial resistance: the transmission of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Acta Trop 94 :230–240.
-
16
Nosten F, van Vugt M, Luxemburg C, Thway KL, Brockman A, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 2000. Effects of artesunate-mefloquine combination on incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mefloquine resistance in western Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet 356 :297–302.
-
17
Lensen A, von Druten J, Bolmer M, van Gemert G, Eling W, Sauerwein R, 1996. Measurement by membrane feeding of reduction in Plasmodium falciparum transmission induced by endemic area. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 :20–22.
-
18
Targett G, Drakeley Ch, Jawara M, von Seidlen L, Coleman R, Deen J, Pinden M, Doherty T, Sutherland C, Walraven G, Miligan P, 2001. Artesunate reduces but does not prevent post-treatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. J Infect Dis 183 :1254–1259.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 701 | 627 | 301 |
| Full Text Views | 376 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 52 | 4 | 0 |