Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl):97–106.
Darlow B, Vrbova H, Gibney S, Jolley D, Stace J, Alpers M, 1982. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of acute malaria in children of Papua New Guinea. II. Plasmodium vivax. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31 :10–13.
Doberstyn EB, Teerakiartkamjorn C, Andre RG, Phintuyothin P, Noeypatimanondh S, 1979. Treatment of vivax malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and with pyrimethamine alone. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73 :15–17.
Walter RD, Konigk E, 1971. Plasmodium chabaudi: enzymatic synthesis of dihydropteroate and its inhibition by sulfonamides. Z Tropenmed Parasitol 22 :256–259.
Ferone R, Burchall JJ, Hitchings GH, 1969. Plasmodium berghei dihydrofolate reductase. Isolation, properties, and inhibition by antifolates. Mol Pharmacol 5 :49–59.
Cowman AF, Morry MJ, Biggs BA, Cross GA, Foote SJ, 1988. Amino acid changes linked to pyrimethamine resistance in the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :9109–9113.
Peterson DS, Walliker D, Wellems TE, 1988. Evidence that a point mutation in dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase confers resistance to pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :9114–9118.
Triglia T, Wang P, Sims PF, Hyde JE, Cowman AF, 1998. Allelic exchange at the endogenous genomic locus in Plasmodium falciparum proves the role of dihydropteroate synthase in sulfadoxine-resistant malaria. EMBO J 17 :3807–3815.
Sibley CH, Hyde JE, Sims PF, Plowe CV, Kublin JG, Mberu EK, Cowman AF, Winstanley PA, Watkins WM, Nzila AM, 2001. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what next? Trends Parasitol 17 :582–588.
Yuvaniyama J, Chitnumsub P, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Vanichtanankul J, Sirawaraporn W, Taylor P, Walkinshaw MD, Yuthavong Y, 2003. Insights into antifolate resistance from malarial DHFR-TS structures. Nat Struct Biol 10 :357–365.
de-Pecoulas PE, Tahar R, Ouatas T, Mazabraud A, Basco LK, 1998. Sequence variations in the Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene and their relationship with pyrimethamine resistance. Mol Biochem Parasitol 92 :265–273.
Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Renia L, Letourneur F, Charlieu JP, Leartsakulpanich U, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Snounou G, 2003. Novel point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Plasmodium vivax: evidence for sequential selection by drug pressure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :1514–1521.
Imwong M, Pukrittakayamee S, Looareesuwan S, Pasvol G, Poirreiz J, White NJ, Snounou G, 2001. Association of genetic mutations in Plasmodium vivax dhfr with resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: geographical and clinical correlates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 :3122–3127.
Hastings MD, Porter KM, Maguire JD, Susanti I, Kania W, Bangs MJ, Hopkins SC, Baird JK, 2004. Dihydrofolate reductase mutations in Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia and therapeutic response to sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. J Infect Dis 189 :744–750.
Tjitra E, Baker J, Suprianto S, Cheng Q, Anstey NM, 2002. Therapeutic efficacies of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in vivax malaria pilot studies: relationship to Plasmodium vivax dhfr mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 :3947–3953.
Leartsakulpanich U, Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, White NJ, Snounou G, Sirawaraporn W, Yuthavong Y, 2002. Molecular characterization of dihydrofolate reductase in relation to anti-folate resistance in Plasmodium vivax. Mol Biochem Parasitol 119 :63–73.
Hastings MD, Sibley CH, 2002. Pyrimethamine and WR99210 exert opposing selection on dihydrofolate reductase from Plasmodium vivax. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 :13137–13141.
Hastings MD, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, Baird JK, Sibley CH, 2005. Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 :733–740.
Triglia T, Menting JG, Wilson C, Cowman AF, 1997. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 :13944–13949.
Korsinczky M, Fischer K, Chen N, Baker J, Rieckmann K, Cheng Q, 2004. Sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium vivax is associated with a specific amino acid in dihydropteroate synthase at the putative sulfadoxine-binding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :2214–2222.
Watkins WM, Mberu EK, Winstanley PA, Plowe CV, 1997. The efficacy of antifolate antimalarial combinations in Africa: a predictive model based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis. Parasitol Today 13 :459–464.
Nzila AM, Nduati E, Mberu EK, Sibley CH, Monks SA, Winstanley PA, Watkins WM, 2000. Molecular evidence of greater selective pressure for drug resistance exerted by the long-acting antifolate pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine compared with the shorter-acting chlorproguanil/dapson on Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis 181 :2023–2028.
Kaur S, Prajapati SK, Kalyanaraman K, Mohmmed A, Joshi H, Chauhan VS, 2006. Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase point mutations from the Indian subcontinent. Acta Trop 97 :174–180.
Cheng Q, Saul A, 1994. Sequence analysis of the apical membrane antigen I (AMA-1) of Plasmodium vivax. Mol Biochem Parasitol 65 :183–187.
Padley D, Moody AH, Chiodini PL, Saldanha J, 2003. Use of a rapid, single-round, multiplex PCR to detect malarial parasites and identify the species present. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97 :131–137.
Rieckmann KH, Campbell GH, Sax LJ, Mrema JE, 1978. Drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum. An in vitro microtechnique. Lancet 1 :22–23.
Russell BM, Udomsangpetch R, Rieckmann KH, Kotecka BM, Coleman RE, Sattabongkot J, 2003. Simple in vitro assay for determining the sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax isolates from fresh human blood to antimalarials in areas where P. vivax is endemic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :170–173.
Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC, 1989. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet 2 :1183–1184.
Baird JK, Wiady I, Fryauff DJ, Sutanihardja MA, Leksana B, Widjaya H, Kysdarmanto, Subianto B, 1997. In vivo resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum at Nabire, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :627–631.
Baird JK, Basri H, Purnomo, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Patchen LC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :547–552.
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The increasing use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has resulted in increased reports of SP resistance of P. falciparum worldwide. Selection of SP-resistant Plasmodium vivax in areas where P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist is not entirely clear. We examined the prevalence and extent of point mutations in pvdhfr and pvdhps in 70 P. vivax isolates from China, East Timor, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Philippines, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. Mutations in seven codon positions were found in pvdhfr, with the majority of isolates having double mutations (S58R/S117N). The greatest range of mutations was observed in the PNG and Vanuatu isolates, ranging from single to quadruple mutations (F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T). Single mutations in pvdhps were observed only in parasites with mutations in corresponding pvdhfr. Parasites with the S58R/S117N dhfr allelic type showed an MIC level for pyrimethamine and cycloguanil comparable to that previously reported, but were susceptible to WR99210.
Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl):97–106.
Darlow B, Vrbova H, Gibney S, Jolley D, Stace J, Alpers M, 1982. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of acute malaria in children of Papua New Guinea. II. Plasmodium vivax. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31 :10–13.
Doberstyn EB, Teerakiartkamjorn C, Andre RG, Phintuyothin P, Noeypatimanondh S, 1979. Treatment of vivax malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and with pyrimethamine alone. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73 :15–17.
Walter RD, Konigk E, 1971. Plasmodium chabaudi: enzymatic synthesis of dihydropteroate and its inhibition by sulfonamides. Z Tropenmed Parasitol 22 :256–259.
Ferone R, Burchall JJ, Hitchings GH, 1969. Plasmodium berghei dihydrofolate reductase. Isolation, properties, and inhibition by antifolates. Mol Pharmacol 5 :49–59.
Cowman AF, Morry MJ, Biggs BA, Cross GA, Foote SJ, 1988. Amino acid changes linked to pyrimethamine resistance in the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :9109–9113.
Peterson DS, Walliker D, Wellems TE, 1988. Evidence that a point mutation in dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase confers resistance to pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 :9114–9118.
Triglia T, Wang P, Sims PF, Hyde JE, Cowman AF, 1998. Allelic exchange at the endogenous genomic locus in Plasmodium falciparum proves the role of dihydropteroate synthase in sulfadoxine-resistant malaria. EMBO J 17 :3807–3815.
Sibley CH, Hyde JE, Sims PF, Plowe CV, Kublin JG, Mberu EK, Cowman AF, Winstanley PA, Watkins WM, Nzila AM, 2001. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what next? Trends Parasitol 17 :582–588.
Yuvaniyama J, Chitnumsub P, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Vanichtanankul J, Sirawaraporn W, Taylor P, Walkinshaw MD, Yuthavong Y, 2003. Insights into antifolate resistance from malarial DHFR-TS structures. Nat Struct Biol 10 :357–365.
de-Pecoulas PE, Tahar R, Ouatas T, Mazabraud A, Basco LK, 1998. Sequence variations in the Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene and their relationship with pyrimethamine resistance. Mol Biochem Parasitol 92 :265–273.
Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Renia L, Letourneur F, Charlieu JP, Leartsakulpanich U, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Snounou G, 2003. Novel point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Plasmodium vivax: evidence for sequential selection by drug pressure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :1514–1521.
Imwong M, Pukrittakayamee S, Looareesuwan S, Pasvol G, Poirreiz J, White NJ, Snounou G, 2001. Association of genetic mutations in Plasmodium vivax dhfr with resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: geographical and clinical correlates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 :3122–3127.
Hastings MD, Porter KM, Maguire JD, Susanti I, Kania W, Bangs MJ, Hopkins SC, Baird JK, 2004. Dihydrofolate reductase mutations in Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia and therapeutic response to sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. J Infect Dis 189 :744–750.
Tjitra E, Baker J, Suprianto S, Cheng Q, Anstey NM, 2002. Therapeutic efficacies of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in vivax malaria pilot studies: relationship to Plasmodium vivax dhfr mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 :3947–3953.
Leartsakulpanich U, Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, White NJ, Snounou G, Sirawaraporn W, Yuthavong Y, 2002. Molecular characterization of dihydrofolate reductase in relation to anti-folate resistance in Plasmodium vivax. Mol Biochem Parasitol 119 :63–73.
Hastings MD, Sibley CH, 2002. Pyrimethamine and WR99210 exert opposing selection on dihydrofolate reductase from Plasmodium vivax. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 :13137–13141.
Hastings MD, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, Baird JK, Sibley CH, 2005. Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 :733–740.
Triglia T, Menting JG, Wilson C, Cowman AF, 1997. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 :13944–13949.
Korsinczky M, Fischer K, Chen N, Baker J, Rieckmann K, Cheng Q, 2004. Sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium vivax is associated with a specific amino acid in dihydropteroate synthase at the putative sulfadoxine-binding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 :2214–2222.
Watkins WM, Mberu EK, Winstanley PA, Plowe CV, 1997. The efficacy of antifolate antimalarial combinations in Africa: a predictive model based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis. Parasitol Today 13 :459–464.
Nzila AM, Nduati E, Mberu EK, Sibley CH, Monks SA, Winstanley PA, Watkins WM, 2000. Molecular evidence of greater selective pressure for drug resistance exerted by the long-acting antifolate pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine compared with the shorter-acting chlorproguanil/dapson on Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis 181 :2023–2028.
Kaur S, Prajapati SK, Kalyanaraman K, Mohmmed A, Joshi H, Chauhan VS, 2006. Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase point mutations from the Indian subcontinent. Acta Trop 97 :174–180.
Cheng Q, Saul A, 1994. Sequence analysis of the apical membrane antigen I (AMA-1) of Plasmodium vivax. Mol Biochem Parasitol 65 :183–187.
Padley D, Moody AH, Chiodini PL, Saldanha J, 2003. Use of a rapid, single-round, multiplex PCR to detect malarial parasites and identify the species present. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97 :131–137.
Rieckmann KH, Campbell GH, Sax LJ, Mrema JE, 1978. Drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum. An in vitro microtechnique. Lancet 1 :22–23.
Russell BM, Udomsangpetch R, Rieckmann KH, Kotecka BM, Coleman RE, Sattabongkot J, 2003. Simple in vitro assay for determining the sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax isolates from fresh human blood to antimalarials in areas where P. vivax is endemic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 :170–173.
Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC, 1989. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet 2 :1183–1184.
Baird JK, Wiady I, Fryauff DJ, Sutanihardja MA, Leksana B, Widjaya H, Kysdarmanto, Subianto B, 1997. In vivo resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum at Nabire, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :627–631.
Baird JK, Basri H, Purnomo, Bangs MJ, Subianto B, Patchen LC, Hoffman SL, 1991. Resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44 :547–552.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 390 | 278 | 8 |
Full Text Views | 303 | 4 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 95 | 4 | 0 |