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-
1
Suh KN, Kain KC, Keystone JS, 2004. Malaria. CMAJ 170 :1693–1702.
-
2
Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :97–106.
-
3
Carmona J, 2003. La malaria en Colombia, Antioquia y las zonas de Urabá y Bajo Cauca: panorama para interpretar la falla terapéutica antimalárica. Parte 1. Iatreia 16 :299–318.
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4
Soto J, Toledo J, Gutierrez P, Luzz M, Llinas N, Cedeno N, Dunne M, Berman J, 2001. Plasmodium vivax clinically resistant to chloroquine in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :90–93.
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5
Blair S, Tobón A, Echeverri M, Alvarez G, Carmona J, 2002. Adecuada respuesta clínica y parasitológica de Plasmodium vivax a la cloroquina en Colombia (Turbo, Antioquia), 2001. Infectio 6 :21–26.
-
6
World Health Organization, 1990. Practical chemotherapy of malaria. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 805 :1–141.
-
7
Beutler E, 1997. Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase deficiency, diagnosis, clinical and genetic implications. Am J Clin Pathol 47 :1967.
-
8
Baird JK, Rieckmann KH, 2003. Can primaquine therapy for vivax malaria be improved? Trends Parasitol 19 :115–120.
-
9
Gogtay N, Garg M, Kadam V, Kamtekar K, Kshirsagar NA, 1998. A 5 days primaquine regimen as anti-relapse therapy for Plasmodium vivax. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :341.
-
10
Abdon NP, Pinto AY, das Silva Rdo S, de Souza JM, 2001. Assessment of the response to reduced treatment schemes for vivax malaria. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34 :343–348.
-
11
Bunnag D, Karbwang J, Thanavibul A, Chittamas S, Ratanapongse Y, Chalermrut K, Bangchang KN, Harinasuta T, 1994. High dose of primaquine in primaquine resistant vivax malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :218–219.
-
12
Bergonzoli G, Rivers Cuadra JC, 2000. Therapeutic efficacy of different antimalarial regimens in the Costa Rica-Nicaragua border region. Rev Panam Salud Publica 7 :366–370.
-
13
Lacharme L, Carmona J, Tobon A, Blair S, 1998. Respuesta de P. vivax al esquema terapéutico cloroquina-primaquina en Zaragoza y Turbo, Colombia. Infectio 2 :90–94.
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14
Lwanga SK, Lameshow S, 1991. Determinación del Tamaño Muestral en los Estudios Sanitarios. Manual Prático. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
15
World Health Organization, 2000. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl 1):1–90.
-
16
Alecrim Md G, Alecrim W, Macedo V, 1999. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (R2) and mefloquine (R3) in Brazilian Amazon region. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :67–68.
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17
Phillips EJ, Keystone JS, Kain KC, 1996. Failure of combined chloroquine and high-dose primaquine therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria acquired in Guyana, South America. Clin Infect Dis 23 :1171–1173.
-
18
Ruebush TK 2nd, Zegarra J, Cairo J, Andersen EM, Green M, Pillai DR, Marquino W, Huilca M, Arevalo E, Garcia C, Solary L, Kain KC, 2003. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :548–552.
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19
Baird JK, Hoffman SL, 2004. Primaquine therapy for malaria. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1336–1345.
-
20
Duarte EC, Pang LW, Ribeiro LC, Fontes CJ, 2001. Association of subtherapeutic dosages of a standard drug regimen with failures in preventing relapses of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :471–476.
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21
Schwartz E, Regev-Yochay G, Kurnik D, 2000. Short report: a consideration of primaquine dose adjustment for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :393–395.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 778 | 706 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 352 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 141 | 16 | 0 |
EFFICACY OF THREE CHLOROQUINE–PRIMAQUINE REGIMENS FOR TREATMENT OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA IN COLOMBIA
GONZALO ÁLVAREZ
GONZALO ÁLVAREZ
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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JUAN-GABRIEL PIÑEROS
JUAN-GABRIEL PIÑEROS
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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ALBERTO TOBÓN
ALBERTO TOBÓN
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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ALEXANDRA RÍOS
ALEXANDRA RÍOS
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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AMANDA MAESTRE
AMANDA MAESTRE
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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SILVIA BLAIR
SILVIA BLAIR
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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JAIME CARMONA-FONSECA
JAIME CARMONA-FONSECA
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Plasmodium vivax malaria is an important cause of morbidity in Central and South America. In Colombia, this is the most prevalent malaria infection, representing 75% of the reported cases. To define the efficacy of the chloroquine and primaquine regimen to eliminate hypnozoites and prevent relapses, we conducted a random controlled clinical trial of three primaquine regimens in an open-label study. We evaluated the anti-relapse efficacy of total primaquine doses of 45, 105, and 210 mg administered at a dosage of 15 mg/day in 210 adults with P. vivax infection from the northwestern region of Colombia. Cure rates for blood-stage P. vivax malaria by day 28 of follow-up were 100% in all groups. Post-treatment reappearance of parasitemia during the six months of follow-up was 45%, 36.6% and 17.6%, respectively, for each group. When compared with other groups, administration of 210 mg was a significant protection factor for reappearance of parasitemia in a malaria-endemic area.
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-
1
Suh KN, Kain KC, Keystone JS, 2004. Malaria. CMAJ 170 :1693–1702.
-
2
Mendis K, Sina BJ, Marchesini P, Carter R, 2001. The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :97–106.
-
3
Carmona J, 2003. La malaria en Colombia, Antioquia y las zonas de Urabá y Bajo Cauca: panorama para interpretar la falla terapéutica antimalárica. Parte 1. Iatreia 16 :299–318.
-
4
Soto J, Toledo J, Gutierrez P, Luzz M, Llinas N, Cedeno N, Dunne M, Berman J, 2001. Plasmodium vivax clinically resistant to chloroquine in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :90–93.
-
5
Blair S, Tobón A, Echeverri M, Alvarez G, Carmona J, 2002. Adecuada respuesta clínica y parasitológica de Plasmodium vivax a la cloroquina en Colombia (Turbo, Antioquia), 2001. Infectio 6 :21–26.
-
6
World Health Organization, 1990. Practical chemotherapy of malaria. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 805 :1–141.
-
7
Beutler E, 1997. Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase deficiency, diagnosis, clinical and genetic implications. Am J Clin Pathol 47 :1967.
-
8
Baird JK, Rieckmann KH, 2003. Can primaquine therapy for vivax malaria be improved? Trends Parasitol 19 :115–120.
-
9
Gogtay N, Garg M, Kadam V, Kamtekar K, Kshirsagar NA, 1998. A 5 days primaquine regimen as anti-relapse therapy for Plasmodium vivax. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92 :341.
-
10
Abdon NP, Pinto AY, das Silva Rdo S, de Souza JM, 2001. Assessment of the response to reduced treatment schemes for vivax malaria. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34 :343–348.
-
11
Bunnag D, Karbwang J, Thanavibul A, Chittamas S, Ratanapongse Y, Chalermrut K, Bangchang KN, Harinasuta T, 1994. High dose of primaquine in primaquine resistant vivax malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 :218–219.
-
12
Bergonzoli G, Rivers Cuadra JC, 2000. Therapeutic efficacy of different antimalarial regimens in the Costa Rica-Nicaragua border region. Rev Panam Salud Publica 7 :366–370.
-
13
Lacharme L, Carmona J, Tobon A, Blair S, 1998. Respuesta de P. vivax al esquema terapéutico cloroquina-primaquina en Zaragoza y Turbo, Colombia. Infectio 2 :90–94.
-
14
Lwanga SK, Lameshow S, 1991. Determinación del Tamaño Muestral en los Estudios Sanitarios. Manual Prático. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
15
World Health Organization, 2000. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl 1):1–90.
-
16
Alecrim Md G, Alecrim W, Macedo V, 1999. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (R2) and mefloquine (R3) in Brazilian Amazon region. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :67–68.
-
17
Phillips EJ, Keystone JS, Kain KC, 1996. Failure of combined chloroquine and high-dose primaquine therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria acquired in Guyana, South America. Clin Infect Dis 23 :1171–1173.
-
18
Ruebush TK 2nd, Zegarra J, Cairo J, Andersen EM, Green M, Pillai DR, Marquino W, Huilca M, Arevalo E, Garcia C, Solary L, Kain KC, 2003. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :548–552.
-
19
Baird JK, Hoffman SL, 2004. Primaquine therapy for malaria. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1336–1345.
-
20
Duarte EC, Pang LW, Ribeiro LC, Fontes CJ, 2001. Association of subtherapeutic dosages of a standard drug regimen with failures in preventing relapses of vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :471–476.
-
21
Schwartz E, Regev-Yochay G, Kurnik D, 2000. Short report: a consideration of primaquine dose adjustment for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :393–395.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 778 | 706 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 352 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 141 | 16 | 0 |