ANTIBODIES TO PLASMODIUM VIVAX APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN 1: PERSISTENCE AND CORRELATION WITH MALARIA TRANSMISSION INTENSITY

CRISTIANE G. MORAIS Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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IRENE S. SOARES Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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LUZIA H. CARVALHO Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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COR J. F. FONTES Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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ANTONIANA U. KRETTLI Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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ÉRIKA M. BRAGA Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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The antibody responses to the apical membrane antigen 1 of the Plasmodium vivax (PvAMA-1) were investigated in subjects living in areas of Brazil with different levels of malaria transmission. The prevalence and the levels of IgG to PvAMA-1 increased with the time of exposure. The frequency of a positive response and the mean IgG level were higher in areas where malaria prevalence was more intense, especially among non-infected subjects exposed to moderate transmission over a period of 20 years. The proportions and levels of IgG1and IgG3 isotypes were significantly higher among those subjects with long-term exposure. Antibodies, mainly IgG1, to PvAMA-1 persisted for seven years among subjects briefly exposed to malaria in an outbreak outside the Brazilian malaria-endemic area. These data show the highly immunogenic properties of PvAMA-1 and emphasize its possible use as a malaria vaccine candidate.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Érika M. Braga, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Minais Gerais, Brazil, Telephone: 55-31-3499-2876, Fax: 55-31-3499-2970, E-mail: embraga@icb.ufmg.br.
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