ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Garnham PCC, 1966. Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia. London: Blackwell, 118
-
2
Westhoff CM, Reid ME, 2004. Review: The Kell, Duffy, and Kidd blood group systems. Immunohematology 20 :37–49.
-
3
Miller LH, Mason SJ, Clyde DF, McGinnis MH, 1976. The resistence factor to Plasmodium vivax in Blacks: Duffy blood group genotype FyFy. N Engl J Med 295 :302–304.
-
4
Chitnis CE, Chaudhuri A, Horuk R, Pogo AO, Miller LH, 1996. The domain on the Duffy blood group antigen for binding Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi malarial parasites to erythrocytes. J Exp Med 184 :1531–1536.
-
5
Chaudhuri A, Polyakova J, Zbrzezna V, Williams K, Gulati S, Pogo AO, 1993. Cloning of glycoprotein D cDNA, which encodes the major subunit of the Duffy blood group system and the receptor for the Plasmodium vivax malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 :10793–10797.
-
6
Mathews HM, Armstrong JC, 1981. Duffy blood types and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :299–303.
-
7
Sistonen P, Koistinen J, Aden Abdulle O, 1987. Distribution of blood groups in the East African Somali population. Hum Hered 37 :300–313.
-
8
Ryan JR, Dave K, Collins KM, Hochberg L, Sattabongkot J, Coleman RE, Dunton RF, Bangs MJ, Mbogo CM, Cooper RD, Schoeler GB, Rubio-Palis Y, Magris M, Romer LI, Padilla N, Quakyi IA, Bigoga J, Leke RG, Akinpelu O, Evans B, Walsey M, Patterson P, Wirtz RA, Chan AS, 2002. Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest malaria antigen panel assay. Med Vet Entomol 16 :321–327.
-
9
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Lanar DE, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Waters AP, Prasittisuk C, 1989. Circumsporozoite protein heterogeneity in the human malaria Plasmodium vivax. Science 245 :973–976.
-
10
Luckhart S, Li K, Dunton R, Lewis E, Crampton A, Ryan J, Rosenberg R, 2003. Anopheles gambiae immune gene variants associated with natural Plasmodium infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 128 :83–86.
-
11
Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :520–529.
-
12
Wirtz RA, Zavala F, Charoenvit Y, 1987. Comparative testing of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite monoclonal antibodies for ELISA development. Bull World Health Organ 65 :39–45.
-
13
Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Andre RG, Rosenberg R, Collins WE, Roberts DR, 1985. Identification of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :1048–1054.
-
14
Wirtz RA, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Burkot TR, Rosenberg R, 1992. Development and evaluation of an ELISA for Plasmodium vivax-VK247 sporozoites. J Med Entomol 29 :854–857.
-
15
De Arruda ME, Collins KM, Hochberg LP, Ryan PR, Wirtz RA, Ryan JR, 2004. Quantitative determination of sporozoites and circumsporozoite antigen in mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :121–127.
-
16
Tyagi S, Kramer FR, 1996. Molecular beacons: Probes that fluoresce upon hybridization. Nat Biotechnol 14 :303–308.
-
17
Marras SA, Kramer FR, Tyagi S, 1999. Multiplex detection of single-nucleotide variations using molecular beacons. Genet Anal 14 :151–156.
-
18
Waitumbi JN, Donvito B, Kisserli A, Cohen JH, Stoute JA, 2004. Age-related changes in red blood cell complement regulatory proteins and susceptibility to severe malaria. J Infect Dis 190 :1183–1191.
-
19
Nichols ME, Rubinstein P, Barnwell JW, DeCordoba SR, Rosenfield RE, 1987. A new human Duffy blood group specifity defined by a murine monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 166 :776–785.
-
20
Sandler SG, Mallory D, Wolfe JS, Byrne P, Lucas DM, 1997. Screening with monoclonal anti-Fy3 to provide blood for phenotype-matched transfusions for patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 37 :393–397.
-
21
Galinski MR, Medina CC, Ingravallo P, Barnwell JW, 1992. A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of Plasmodium vivax merozoites. Cell 69 :1213–1226.
-
22
Pasay MC, Cheng Q, Rzepczyk C, Saul A, 1995. Dimorphism of the C terminus of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70 :217–219.
-
23
Premawansa S, Snewin VA, Khouri E, Mendis KN, David PH, 1993. Plasmodium vivax: recombination between potential allelic types of the merozoite surface protein MSP1 in parasites isolated from patients. Exp Parasitol 76 :192–199.
-
24
Tsuboi T, Kappe SH, al-Yaman F, Prickett MD, Alpers M, Adams JH, 1994. Natural variation within the principal adhesion domain of the Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein. Infect Immun 62 :5581–5586.
-
25
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :687–689.
-
26
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR, 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 :5463–5467.
-
27
Rosenberg R, Rungsiwongse J, 1991. The number of sporozoites produced by individual malaria oocysts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :574–577.
-
28
Golenda CF, Burge R, Schneider I, 1992. Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 78 :563–569.
-
29
Miller LH, Aikawa M, Johnson JG, Shiroishi T, 1979. Interaction between cytochalasin B-treated malarial parasites and erythrocytes. Attachment and junction formation. J Exp Med 149 :172–184.
-
30
Tournamille C, Colin Y, Cartron JP, Le Van Kim C, 1995. Disruption of a GATA motif in the Duffy gene promoter abolishes erythroid gene expression in Duffy-negative individuals. Nat Genet 10 :224–228.
-
31
Zimmerman PA, Woolley I, Masinde GL, Miller SM, McNamara DT, Hazlett F, Mgone CS, Alpers MP, Genton B, Boatin BA, Kazura JW, 1999. Emergence of FY*A(null) in a Plasmodium vivax-endemic region of Papua New Guinea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 :13973–13977.
-
32
Rubio JM, Benito A, Roche J, Berzosa PJ, Garcia ML, Mico M, Edu M, Alvar J, 1999. Semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :183–187.
-
33
Gautret P, Legros F, Koulmann P, Rodier MH, Jacquemin JL, 2001. Imported Plasmodium vivax malaria in France: geographical origin and report of an atypical case acquired in Central or Western Africa. Acta Trop 78 :177–181.
-
34
Heisch RB, Harper JO, 1949. An epidemic of malaria in the Kenya highlands transmitted by Anopheles funestus. J Trop Med 52 :187–190.
-
35
Tahar R, Ringwald P, Basco LK, 1998. Heterogeneity in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium malariae isolates from sub-Saharan Africa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 92 :71–78.
-
36
Swardson-Olver CJ, Dawson TC, Burnett RC, Peiper SC, Maeda N, Avery AC, 2002. Plasmodium yoelii uses the murine Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines as a receptor for normocyte invasion and an alternative receptor for reticulocyte invasion. Blood 99 :2677–2684.
-
37
Xainli J, Adams JH, King CL, 2000. The erythrocyte binding motif of plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein is highly polymorphic and functionally conserved in isolates from Papua New Guinea. Mol Biochem Parasitol 111 :253–260.
-
38
Barnwell JW, Nichols ME, Rubinstein P, 1989. In vitro evaluation of the role of the Duffy blood group in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax. J Exp Med 169 :1795–1802.
-
39
Wertheimer SP, Barnwell JW, 1989. Plasmodium vivax interaction with the human Duffy blood group glycoprotein: identification of a parasite receptor-like protein. Exp Parasitol 69 :340–350.
-
40
Taye A, Hadis M, Adugna N, Tilahun D, Wirtz RA, 2006. Biting behavior and Plasmodium infection rates of Anopheles arabiensis from Sille, Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 97 :50–54.
-
41
Rongnoparut P, Supsamran N, Sattabongkot J, Suwanabun N, Rosenberg R, 1995. Sequence diversity in the gene coding for the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium vivax in Thailand. Mol Biochem Parasitol 74 :201–210.
-
42
Rodriguez MH, Gonzalez-Ceron L, Hernandez JE, Nettel JA, Villarreal C, Kain KC, Wirtz RA, 2000. Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :122–127.
-
43
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A, 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 158–192.
-
44
Mason SJ, Miller LH, Shiroishi T, Dvorak JA, McGinnis MH, 1977. Duffy blood group determinants: their role in the susceptibility of human and animal erythrocytes. Br J Haematol 36: 327–335.
-
45
Spencer HC, Miller LH, Collins WE, Knud-Hansen C, McGinnis MH, Shiroishi T, Lobos RA, Feldman RA, 1978. The Duffy blood group and resistance to Plasmodium vivax in Honduras. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 664–670.
-
46
Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Chittamas S, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T, 1987. High rate of Plasmodium vivax relapse following treatment of falciparum malaria in Thailand. Lancet 2 :1052–1055.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1235 | 1129 | 600 |
| Full Text Views | 551 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 208 | 8 | 0 |
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX AMONG A DUFFY ANTIGEN NEGATIVE POPULATION IN WESTERN KENYA
JEFFREY R. RYAN
JEFFREY R. RYAN
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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JOSÉ A. STOUTE
JOSÉ A. STOUTE
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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JOSEPH AMON
JOSEPH AMON
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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RAYMOND F. DUNTON
RAYMOND F. DUNTON
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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RAMADHAN MTALIB
RAMADHAN MTALIB
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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JOSEPH KOROS
JOSEPH KOROS
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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BOAZ OWOUR
BOAZ OWOUR
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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SHIRLEY LUCKHART
SHIRLEY LUCKHART
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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ROBERT A. WIRTZ
ROBERT A. WIRTZ
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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JOHN W. BARNWELL
JOHN W. BARNWELL
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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RONALD ROSENBERG
RONALD ROSENBERG
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; US Army Medical Research Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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We present evidence that a parasite with characteristics of Plasmodium vivax is being transmitted among Duffy blood group–negative inhabitants of Kenya. Thirty-two of 4,901 Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus (0.65%) collected in Nyanza Province were ELISA positive for the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein VK 247. All positives were found late in the rainy season, when An. funestus predominated, and disproportionately many were found at a single village. A P. vivax specific sequence of the SSU rRNA gene was amplified from three of six ELISA-positive mosquitoes. Erythrocytes from 31 children, including 9 microscopically diagnosed as infected with P. vivax, were negative by flow cytometry for the Fy3 or Fy6 epitopes, which indicate Duffy blood group expression. A DNA fragment specific for the C terminus of the gene for P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) was amplified from the blood of four of these children and subsequently sequenced from two.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Garnham PCC, 1966. Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia. London: Blackwell, 118
-
2
Westhoff CM, Reid ME, 2004. Review: The Kell, Duffy, and Kidd blood group systems. Immunohematology 20 :37–49.
-
3
Miller LH, Mason SJ, Clyde DF, McGinnis MH, 1976. The resistence factor to Plasmodium vivax in Blacks: Duffy blood group genotype FyFy. N Engl J Med 295 :302–304.
-
4
Chitnis CE, Chaudhuri A, Horuk R, Pogo AO, Miller LH, 1996. The domain on the Duffy blood group antigen for binding Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi malarial parasites to erythrocytes. J Exp Med 184 :1531–1536.
-
5
Chaudhuri A, Polyakova J, Zbrzezna V, Williams K, Gulati S, Pogo AO, 1993. Cloning of glycoprotein D cDNA, which encodes the major subunit of the Duffy blood group system and the receptor for the Plasmodium vivax malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 :10793–10797.
-
6
Mathews HM, Armstrong JC, 1981. Duffy blood types and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30 :299–303.
-
7
Sistonen P, Koistinen J, Aden Abdulle O, 1987. Distribution of blood groups in the East African Somali population. Hum Hered 37 :300–313.
-
8
Ryan JR, Dave K, Collins KM, Hochberg L, Sattabongkot J, Coleman RE, Dunton RF, Bangs MJ, Mbogo CM, Cooper RD, Schoeler GB, Rubio-Palis Y, Magris M, Romer LI, Padilla N, Quakyi IA, Bigoga J, Leke RG, Akinpelu O, Evans B, Walsey M, Patterson P, Wirtz RA, Chan AS, 2002. Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest malaria antigen panel assay. Med Vet Entomol 16 :321–327.
-
9
Rosenberg R, Wirtz RA, Lanar DE, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Waters AP, Prasittisuk C, 1989. Circumsporozoite protein heterogeneity in the human malaria Plasmodium vivax. Science 245 :973–976.
-
10
Luckhart S, Li K, Dunton R, Lewis E, Crampton A, Ryan J, Rosenberg R, 2003. Anopheles gambiae immune gene variants associated with natural Plasmodium infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 128 :83–86.
-
11
Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :520–529.
-
12
Wirtz RA, Zavala F, Charoenvit Y, 1987. Comparative testing of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite monoclonal antibodies for ELISA development. Bull World Health Organ 65 :39–45.
-
13
Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Andre RG, Rosenberg R, Collins WE, Roberts DR, 1985. Identification of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34 :1048–1054.
-
14
Wirtz RA, Sattabongkot J, Hall T, Burkot TR, Rosenberg R, 1992. Development and evaluation of an ELISA for Plasmodium vivax-VK247 sporozoites. J Med Entomol 29 :854–857.
-
15
De Arruda ME, Collins KM, Hochberg LP, Ryan PR, Wirtz RA, Ryan JR, 2004. Quantitative determination of sporozoites and circumsporozoite antigen in mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98 :121–127.
-
16
Tyagi S, Kramer FR, 1996. Molecular beacons: Probes that fluoresce upon hybridization. Nat Biotechnol 14 :303–308.
-
17
Marras SA, Kramer FR, Tyagi S, 1999. Multiplex detection of single-nucleotide variations using molecular beacons. Genet Anal 14 :151–156.
-
18
Waitumbi JN, Donvito B, Kisserli A, Cohen JH, Stoute JA, 2004. Age-related changes in red blood cell complement regulatory proteins and susceptibility to severe malaria. J Infect Dis 190 :1183–1191.
-
19
Nichols ME, Rubinstein P, Barnwell JW, DeCordoba SR, Rosenfield RE, 1987. A new human Duffy blood group specifity defined by a murine monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 166 :776–785.
-
20
Sandler SG, Mallory D, Wolfe JS, Byrne P, Lucas DM, 1997. Screening with monoclonal anti-Fy3 to provide blood for phenotype-matched transfusions for patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 37 :393–397.
-
21
Galinski MR, Medina CC, Ingravallo P, Barnwell JW, 1992. A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of Plasmodium vivax merozoites. Cell 69 :1213–1226.
-
22
Pasay MC, Cheng Q, Rzepczyk C, Saul A, 1995. Dimorphism of the C terminus of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70 :217–219.
-
23
Premawansa S, Snewin VA, Khouri E, Mendis KN, David PH, 1993. Plasmodium vivax: recombination between potential allelic types of the merozoite surface protein MSP1 in parasites isolated from patients. Exp Parasitol 76 :192–199.
-
24
Tsuboi T, Kappe SH, al-Yaman F, Prickett MD, Alpers M, Adams JH, 1994. Natural variation within the principal adhesion domain of the Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein. Infect Immun 62 :5581–5586.
-
25
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :687–689.
-
26
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR, 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 :5463–5467.
-
27
Rosenberg R, Rungsiwongse J, 1991. The number of sporozoites produced by individual malaria oocysts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 :574–577.
-
28
Golenda CF, Burge R, Schneider I, 1992. Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 78 :563–569.
-
29
Miller LH, Aikawa M, Johnson JG, Shiroishi T, 1979. Interaction between cytochalasin B-treated malarial parasites and erythrocytes. Attachment and junction formation. J Exp Med 149 :172–184.
-
30
Tournamille C, Colin Y, Cartron JP, Le Van Kim C, 1995. Disruption of a GATA motif in the Duffy gene promoter abolishes erythroid gene expression in Duffy-negative individuals. Nat Genet 10 :224–228.
-
31
Zimmerman PA, Woolley I, Masinde GL, Miller SM, McNamara DT, Hazlett F, Mgone CS, Alpers MP, Genton B, Boatin BA, Kazura JW, 1999. Emergence of FY*A(null) in a Plasmodium vivax-endemic region of Papua New Guinea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 :13973–13977.
-
32
Rubio JM, Benito A, Roche J, Berzosa PJ, Garcia ML, Mico M, Edu M, Alvar J, 1999. Semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :183–187.
-
33
Gautret P, Legros F, Koulmann P, Rodier MH, Jacquemin JL, 2001. Imported Plasmodium vivax malaria in France: geographical origin and report of an atypical case acquired in Central or Western Africa. Acta Trop 78 :177–181.
-
34
Heisch RB, Harper JO, 1949. An epidemic of malaria in the Kenya highlands transmitted by Anopheles funestus. J Trop Med 52 :187–190.
-
35
Tahar R, Ringwald P, Basco LK, 1998. Heterogeneity in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium malariae isolates from sub-Saharan Africa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 92 :71–78.
-
36
Swardson-Olver CJ, Dawson TC, Burnett RC, Peiper SC, Maeda N, Avery AC, 2002. Plasmodium yoelii uses the murine Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines as a receptor for normocyte invasion and an alternative receptor for reticulocyte invasion. Blood 99 :2677–2684.
-
37
Xainli J, Adams JH, King CL, 2000. The erythrocyte binding motif of plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein is highly polymorphic and functionally conserved in isolates from Papua New Guinea. Mol Biochem Parasitol 111 :253–260.
-
38
Barnwell JW, Nichols ME, Rubinstein P, 1989. In vitro evaluation of the role of the Duffy blood group in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax. J Exp Med 169 :1795–1802.
-
39
Wertheimer SP, Barnwell JW, 1989. Plasmodium vivax interaction with the human Duffy blood group glycoprotein: identification of a parasite receptor-like protein. Exp Parasitol 69 :340–350.
-
40
Taye A, Hadis M, Adugna N, Tilahun D, Wirtz RA, 2006. Biting behavior and Plasmodium infection rates of Anopheles arabiensis from Sille, Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 97 :50–54.
-
41
Rongnoparut P, Supsamran N, Sattabongkot J, Suwanabun N, Rosenberg R, 1995. Sequence diversity in the gene coding for the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium vivax in Thailand. Mol Biochem Parasitol 74 :201–210.
-
42
Rodriguez MH, Gonzalez-Ceron L, Hernandez JE, Nettel JA, Villarreal C, Kain KC, Wirtz RA, 2000. Different prevalences of Plasmodium vivax phenotypes VK210 and VK247 associated with the distribution of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :122–127.
-
43
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A, 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 158–192.
-
44
Mason SJ, Miller LH, Shiroishi T, Dvorak JA, McGinnis MH, 1977. Duffy blood group determinants: their role in the susceptibility of human and animal erythrocytes. Br J Haematol 36: 327–335.
-
45
Spencer HC, Miller LH, Collins WE, Knud-Hansen C, McGinnis MH, Shiroishi T, Lobos RA, Feldman RA, 1978. The Duffy blood group and resistance to Plasmodium vivax in Honduras. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 664–670.
-
46
Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Chittamas S, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T, 1987. High rate of Plasmodium vivax relapse following treatment of falciparum malaria in Thailand. Lancet 2 :1052–1055.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1235 | 1129 | 600 |
| Full Text Views | 551 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 208 | 8 | 0 |