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1
Guerin PJ, Olliaro P, Sundar S, Boelaert M, Croft SL, Desjeux P, Wasunna MK, Bryceson AD, 2002. Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :494–501.
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2
Desjeux P, 1996. Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and control. Clin Dermatol 14 :417–423.
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3
World Health Organization, 1998. Life in the Twenty First Century: A Vision for All. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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4
Murray HW, 2002. Kala-azar progress against a neglected disease. N Engl J Med 347 :1793–1794.
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5
World Health Organization, 2003. World Health Report 2003: Shaping the Future. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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6
Bora D, 1999. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in India. Natl Med J India 12 :62–68.
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7
Lal S, Saxena N, Dhillan G, 1996. Kala-azar cases and deaths. Manual on Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in India: Annexure VII. New Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme, 167–177.
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8
Sundar S, More DK, Singh MK, Singh VP, Sharma S, Makharia A, Kumar PC, Murray HW, 2000. Failure of pentavalent antimony in visceral leishmaniasis in India: report from the center of the Indian epidemic. Clin Infect Dis 31 :1104–1107.
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9
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India, 2002. National Health Policy. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India.
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10
Office of Registrar General, India, 2001. Census of India: 13–14.
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11
Sen Gupta PC, 1975. Return of kala-azar. J Indian Med Assoc 65 :89–90.
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12
World Health Organization, 1996. Manual on Visceral Leishmaniasis Control. Geneva: Division of Control of Tropical Diseases.
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13
Ahluwalia IB, Bern C, Costa C, Akter T, Chowdhury R, Ali M, Alam D, Kenah E, Amann J, Islam M, Wagatsuma Y, Haque R, Breiman RF, Maguire JH, 2003. Visceral leishmaniasis: Consequences of a neglected disease in a Bangladeshi community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :624–628.
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14
Koirala S, Parija SC, Karki P, Das ML, 1998. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about kala-azar and its sandfly vector in rural communities of Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 76 :485–490.
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15
Boelaert M, Criel B, Leeuwenburg J, Van Damme W, Le Ray D, Van der Stuyft P, 2000. Visceral leishmaniasis control: A public health perspective. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :465–471.
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16
Bern C, Joshi AB, Jha SN, Das ML, Hightower A, Thakur GD, Bista MB, 2000. Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal: Bednet use is strongly protective. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :184–188.
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES RELATED TO KALA-AZAR IN A RURAL AREA OF BIHAR STATE, INDIA
SHRI P. SINGH
SHRI P. SINGH
Kala-azar Medical Research Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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DANDU C. S. REDDY
DANDU C. S. REDDY
Kala-azar Medical Research Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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RABINDRA N. MISHRA
RABINDRA N. MISHRA
Kala-azar Medical Research Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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SHYAM SUNDAR
SHYAM SUNDAR
Kala-azar Medical Research Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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The Indian Government aspires to eliminate Kala-azar by 2010. Success of any disease control program depends on community participation, and there is no published data about the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community about Kala-azar in endemic regions of India. For this knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) study, the heads of 3,968 households in a rural area, consisting of 26,444 populations, were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured schedule. Most of the study subjects (97.4%) were aware of Kala-azar. Fever (71.3%) and weight loss (30.5%) were the most commonly known symptoms. The infectious nature of the disease was known to 39.9%. The majority believed that the disease spreads by mosquito bites (72.8%). For 63.6%, the breeding site of the vector was garbage collection. Only 23.6% preferred the public health sector for treatment, and 55.9% believed that facilities at primary health centers are not adequate. Poor knowledge of the study subjects about the disease and breeding sites of the vector underscores the need for health educational campaigns if the elimination program is to succeed.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Guerin PJ, Olliaro P, Sundar S, Boelaert M, Croft SL, Desjeux P, Wasunna MK, Bryceson AD, 2002. Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :494–501.
-
2
Desjeux P, 1996. Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and control. Clin Dermatol 14 :417–423.
-
3
World Health Organization, 1998. Life in the Twenty First Century: A Vision for All. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
4
Murray HW, 2002. Kala-azar progress against a neglected disease. N Engl J Med 347 :1793–1794.
-
5
World Health Organization, 2003. World Health Report 2003: Shaping the Future. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
6
Bora D, 1999. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in India. Natl Med J India 12 :62–68.
-
7
Lal S, Saxena N, Dhillan G, 1996. Kala-azar cases and deaths. Manual on Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in India: Annexure VII. New Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme, 167–177.
-
8
Sundar S, More DK, Singh MK, Singh VP, Sharma S, Makharia A, Kumar PC, Murray HW, 2000. Failure of pentavalent antimony in visceral leishmaniasis in India: report from the center of the Indian epidemic. Clin Infect Dis 31 :1104–1107.
-
9
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India, 2002. National Health Policy. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India.
-
10
Office of Registrar General, India, 2001. Census of India: 13–14.
-
11
Sen Gupta PC, 1975. Return of kala-azar. J Indian Med Assoc 65 :89–90.
-
12
World Health Organization, 1996. Manual on Visceral Leishmaniasis Control. Geneva: Division of Control of Tropical Diseases.
-
13
Ahluwalia IB, Bern C, Costa C, Akter T, Chowdhury R, Ali M, Alam D, Kenah E, Amann J, Islam M, Wagatsuma Y, Haque R, Breiman RF, Maguire JH, 2003. Visceral leishmaniasis: Consequences of a neglected disease in a Bangladeshi community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :624–628.
-
14
Koirala S, Parija SC, Karki P, Das ML, 1998. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about kala-azar and its sandfly vector in rural communities of Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 76 :485–490.
-
15
Boelaert M, Criel B, Leeuwenburg J, Van Damme W, Le Ray D, Van der Stuyft P, 2000. Visceral leishmaniasis control: A public health perspective. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 :465–471.
-
16
Bern C, Joshi AB, Jha SN, Das ML, Hightower A, Thakur GD, Bista MB, 2000. Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal: Bednet use is strongly protective. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63 :184–188.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 385 | 321 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 304 | 25 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 8 | 0 |