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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Work TH, 1971. On the Japanese B-West Nile virus complex or an arbovirus problem of six continents. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :169–186.
-
2
Komar N, 2003. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv Virus Res 61 :185–234.
-
3
Hayes CG, 2001. West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :25–37.
-
5
Lillibridge KM, Parsons R, Randle Y, Travassos da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Siirin M, Wuithiranyagool T, Hailey C, Higgs S, Bala AA, Pascua R, Meyer T, Vanlandingham DL, Tesh RB, 2004. The 2002 introduction of West Nile virus into Harris County, Texas, an area historically endemic for St. Louis encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :676–681.
-
6
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Madon MB, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer VL, Edman JD, 2004. Invasion of California by West Nile Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1369–1378.
-
7
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Green E-GN, Fang Y, Kensington M, 2002. Persistence and amplification of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Coachella Valley of California, 2000–2001. J Med Entomol 39 :793–805.
-
8
Reisen WK, Fang Y, Martinez VM, 2005. Avian host and mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence determine the efficiency of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission. J Med Entomol 42 :367–375.
-
9
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1992. Ecology of mosquitoes and St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Los Angeles Basin of California, 1987–1990. J Med Entomol 29 :582–598.
-
10
Wheeler SS, Reisen WK, Chiles RE, 2004. West Nile infections in free ranging wild birds in the Coachella Valley, Riverside Co., California. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :12–14.
-
11
Wilson J, Hazelrigg JE, Reisen WK, Madon MB, 2004. Invasion of Greater Los Angeles by West Nile virus—2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :6–11.
-
12
Reisen WK, Kramer LD, Chiles RE, Green E-GN, Martinez VM, 2001. Encephalitis virus persistence in California birds: preliminary studies with house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). J Med Entomol 38 :393–399.
-
13
McLean RG, Mullenix J, Kerschner J, Hamm J, 1983. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a sentinel for St. Louis encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :1120–1129.
-
14
Xiao SY, Guzman H, Zhang H, Tesh RB, Kulasekera VL, Kramer L, Mostashari F, Cherry B, Trock SC, Glaser C, Miller JR, 2001. West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a model for West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :714–721.
-
15
Tesh RB, Travasos da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Araujo TP, Xiao SY, 2002. Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :245–251.
-
16
Tempelis CH, Reeves WC, Nelson RL, 1976. Species identification of blood meals from Culex tarsalis that had fed on passeriform birds. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :744–746.
-
17
Rosen L, Reeves WC, 1954. Studies of avian malaria in vectors and hosts of encephalitis in Kern County, California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3 :704–708.
-
18
Reeves WC, Asman SM, Hardy JL, Milby MM, Reisen WK, 1990. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquitoborne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc.
-
19
Herman CM, Reeves WC, McClure HE, French EM, Hammon WM, 1954. Studies on avian malaria in vectors and hosts of encephalitis in Kern County, California. I. Infections in avian hosts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3 :676–695.
-
20
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
21
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y, Green EN, 2003. Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 40 :968–982.
-
22
Hardy JL, Reeves WC, 1990. Experimental studies on infection in vertebrate hosts. In: Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquitoborne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc., 66–127.
-
23
Takahashi RM, Reisen WK, Barker CM, 2005. Invasion of Kern County by West Nile virus. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73 :20–23.
-
24
Chiles RE, Reisen WK, 1998. A new enzyme immunoassay to detect antibodies to arboviruses in the blood of wild birds. J Vector Ecol 23 :123–135.
-
25
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Kramer LD, Martinez VM, Eldridge BF, 2000. Method of infection does not alter the response of chicks and house finches to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 37 :250–258.
-
26
Kauffman EB, Jones SA, DuPuis AP, Ngo KA, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2003. Virus detection protocols for West Nile virus in vertebrate and mosquito specimens. J Clin Microbiol 41 :3661–3667.
-
27
Steinlein DB, Husted S, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Glaser C, Cossen C, Tu E, Gilliam S, Hui LT, Eldridge BF, Boyce K, Yamamoto S, Webb JP, Lothrop HD, Fujioka K, Brisco MJ, Houchin A, Castro M, Hom A, Miles SQ, Rogers C, Cornelius A, McCaughy K, Kohmeier K, Scott TW, 2003. Summary of mosquito-borne encephaltiis virus surveillance in California: 1998–2002. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 71 :17–27.
-
28
Hom A, Houchin A, McCaughey K, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Reisen WK, Tu E, Glaser C, Cossen C, Baylis E, Eldridge BF, Sun B, Padgett K, Woods L, Marcus L, Hui LT, Castro M, Husted S, 2004. Surveillance for mosquito-borne encephalitis activity and human disease, including West Nile virus in California, 2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :48–54.
-
29
Hom A, Marcus L, Kramer VL, Cahoon B, Glaser C, Cossen C, Baylis E, Jean C, Tu E, Eldridge BF, Carney R, Padgett K, Sun B, Reisen WK, Woods L, Husted S, 2005. Surveillance for mosquito-borne encephalitis virus activity and human disease, including West Nile virus, in California, 2004. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73 :66–77.
-
30
Reisen WK, Lundstrom JO, Scott TW, Eldridge BF, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Martinez VM, Lothrop HD, Gutierrez D, Wright S, Boyce K, Hill BR, 2000. Patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California, USA. J Med Entomol 37 :507–527.
-
32
Goddard LB, Roth AE, Reisen WK, Scott TW, 2002. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1385–1391.
-
33
Inouye S, Matsuno S, Tsurukubo Y, 1984. “Original antigenic sin” phenomenon in experimental flavivirus infections of guinea pigs: studies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microbiol Immunol 28 :569–574.
-
34
Bond JO, Hammon WM, 1970. Epidemiologic studies of possible cross protection between dengue and St. Louis encephalitis arboviruses in Florida. Am J Epidemiol 92 :321–329.
-
35
Tarr GC, Hammon WM, 1974. Cross-protection between group B arboviruses: resistance in mice to Japanese B encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses induced by Dengue virus immunization. Infect Immun 9 :909–915.
-
36
Goverdhan MK, Kulkarni AB, Gupta AK, Tupe CD, Rodrigues JJ, 1992. Two-way cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in bonnet macaques. Acta Virol 36 :277–283.
-
37
Kay BH, Fanning ID, Carley JG, 1984. The vector competence of Australian Culex annulirostris with Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 62 :641–650.
-
38
Hall RA, Broom AK, Smith DW, Mackenzie JS, 2002. The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :253–269.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 684 | 432 | 297 |
| Full Text Views | 514 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 14 | 0 |
PREVIOUS INFECTION WITH WEST NILE OR ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES PROVIDES CROSS PROTECTION DURING REINFECTION IN HOUSE FINCHES
YING FANG
YING FANG
Center for Vectorborne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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WILLIAM K. REISEN
WILLIAM K. REISEN
Center for Vectorborne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
Search for other papers by WILLIAM K. REISEN in
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Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
House finches are competent hosts for both West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses and frequently become infected during outbreaks. In the current study, House finches were infected initially with either West Nile or St. Louis encephalitis viruses and then challenged 6 weeks post infection with either homologous or heterologous viruses. Although mortality rates were high during initial infection with West Nile virus, prior infection with either virus prevented mortality upon challenge with West Nile virus. Prior infection with West Nile virus provided sterilizing immunity against both viruses, whereas prior infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus prevented viremia from St. Louis encephalitis virus, but only reduced West Nile virus viremia titers. Immunologic responses were measured by enzyme immunoassay and plaque reduction neutralization tests. Heterologous challenge with West Nile virus in birds previously infected with St. Louis encephalitis virus produced the greatest immunologic response, markedly boosting antibody levels against St. Louis encephalitis virus. Our data have broad implications for free-ranging avian serological diagnostics and possibly for the recent disappearance of St. Louis encephalitis virus from California.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Work TH, 1971. On the Japanese B-West Nile virus complex or an arbovirus problem of six continents. Am J Trop Med Hyg 20 :169–186.
-
2
Komar N, 2003. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv Virus Res 61 :185–234.
-
3
Hayes CG, 2001. West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York City, 1999. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 :25–37.
-
5
Lillibridge KM, Parsons R, Randle Y, Travassos da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Siirin M, Wuithiranyagool T, Hailey C, Higgs S, Bala AA, Pascua R, Meyer T, Vanlandingham DL, Tesh RB, 2004. The 2002 introduction of West Nile virus into Harris County, Texas, an area historically endemic for St. Louis encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :676–681.
-
6
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Madon MB, Cossen C, Woods L, Husted S, Kramer VL, Edman JD, 2004. Invasion of California by West Nile Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1369–1378.
-
7
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Green E-GN, Fang Y, Kensington M, 2002. Persistence and amplification of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Coachella Valley of California, 2000–2001. J Med Entomol 39 :793–805.
-
8
Reisen WK, Fang Y, Martinez VM, 2005. Avian host and mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence determine the efficiency of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission. J Med Entomol 42 :367–375.
-
9
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1992. Ecology of mosquitoes and St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Los Angeles Basin of California, 1987–1990. J Med Entomol 29 :582–598.
-
10
Wheeler SS, Reisen WK, Chiles RE, 2004. West Nile infections in free ranging wild birds in the Coachella Valley, Riverside Co., California. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :12–14.
-
11
Wilson J, Hazelrigg JE, Reisen WK, Madon MB, 2004. Invasion of Greater Los Angeles by West Nile virus—2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :6–11.
-
12
Reisen WK, Kramer LD, Chiles RE, Green E-GN, Martinez VM, 2001. Encephalitis virus persistence in California birds: preliminary studies with house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). J Med Entomol 38 :393–399.
-
13
McLean RG, Mullenix J, Kerschner J, Hamm J, 1983. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a sentinel for St. Louis encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32 :1120–1129.
-
14
Xiao SY, Guzman H, Zhang H, Tesh RB, Kulasekera VL, Kramer L, Mostashari F, Cherry B, Trock SC, Glaser C, Miller JR, 2001. West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a model for West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 7 :714–721.
-
15
Tesh RB, Travasos da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Araujo TP, Xiao SY, 2002. Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :245–251.
-
16
Tempelis CH, Reeves WC, Nelson RL, 1976. Species identification of blood meals from Culex tarsalis that had fed on passeriform birds. Am J Trop Med Hyg 25 :744–746.
-
17
Rosen L, Reeves WC, 1954. Studies of avian malaria in vectors and hosts of encephalitis in Kern County, California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3 :704–708.
-
18
Reeves WC, Asman SM, Hardy JL, Milby MM, Reisen WK, 1990. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquitoborne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc.
-
19
Herman CM, Reeves WC, McClure HE, French EM, Hammon WM, 1954. Studies on avian malaria in vectors and hosts of encephalitis in Kern County, California. I. Infections in avian hosts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 3 :676–695.
-
20
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
21
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y, Green EN, 2003. Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 40 :968–982.
-
22
Hardy JL, Reeves WC, 1990. Experimental studies on infection in vertebrate hosts. In: Reeves WC, ed. Epidemiology and Control of Mosquitoborne Arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Sacramento, CA: Calif. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc., 66–127.
-
23
Takahashi RM, Reisen WK, Barker CM, 2005. Invasion of Kern County by West Nile virus. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73 :20–23.
-
24
Chiles RE, Reisen WK, 1998. A new enzyme immunoassay to detect antibodies to arboviruses in the blood of wild birds. J Vector Ecol 23 :123–135.
-
25
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Kramer LD, Martinez VM, Eldridge BF, 2000. Method of infection does not alter the response of chicks and house finches to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 37 :250–258.
-
26
Kauffman EB, Jones SA, DuPuis AP, Ngo KA, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2003. Virus detection protocols for West Nile virus in vertebrate and mosquito specimens. J Clin Microbiol 41 :3661–3667.
-
27
Steinlein DB, Husted S, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Glaser C, Cossen C, Tu E, Gilliam S, Hui LT, Eldridge BF, Boyce K, Yamamoto S, Webb JP, Lothrop HD, Fujioka K, Brisco MJ, Houchin A, Castro M, Hom A, Miles SQ, Rogers C, Cornelius A, McCaughy K, Kohmeier K, Scott TW, 2003. Summary of mosquito-borne encephaltiis virus surveillance in California: 1998–2002. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 71 :17–27.
-
28
Hom A, Houchin A, McCaughey K, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Reisen WK, Tu E, Glaser C, Cossen C, Baylis E, Eldridge BF, Sun B, Padgett K, Woods L, Marcus L, Hui LT, Castro M, Husted S, 2004. Surveillance for mosquito-borne encephalitis activity and human disease, including West Nile virus in California, 2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 72 :48–54.
-
29
Hom A, Marcus L, Kramer VL, Cahoon B, Glaser C, Cossen C, Baylis E, Jean C, Tu E, Eldridge BF, Carney R, Padgett K, Sun B, Reisen WK, Woods L, Husted S, 2005. Surveillance for mosquito-borne encephalitis virus activity and human disease, including West Nile virus, in California, 2004. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73 :66–77.
-
30
Reisen WK, Lundstrom JO, Scott TW, Eldridge BF, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Martinez VM, Lothrop HD, Gutierrez D, Wright S, Boyce K, Hill BR, 2000. Patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California, USA. J Med Entomol 37 :507–527.
-
32
Goddard LB, Roth AE, Reisen WK, Scott TW, 2002. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 8 :1385–1391.
-
33
Inouye S, Matsuno S, Tsurukubo Y, 1984. “Original antigenic sin” phenomenon in experimental flavivirus infections of guinea pigs: studies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microbiol Immunol 28 :569–574.
-
34
Bond JO, Hammon WM, 1970. Epidemiologic studies of possible cross protection between dengue and St. Louis encephalitis arboviruses in Florida. Am J Epidemiol 92 :321–329.
-
35
Tarr GC, Hammon WM, 1974. Cross-protection between group B arboviruses: resistance in mice to Japanese B encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses induced by Dengue virus immunization. Infect Immun 9 :909–915.
-
36
Goverdhan MK, Kulkarni AB, Gupta AK, Tupe CD, Rodrigues JJ, 1992. Two-way cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in bonnet macaques. Acta Virol 36 :277–283.
-
37
Kay BH, Fanning ID, Carley JG, 1984. The vector competence of Australian Culex annulirostris with Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 62 :641–650.
-
38
Hall RA, Broom AK, Smith DW, Mackenzie JS, 2002. The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :253–269.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 684 | 432 | 297 |
| Full Text Views | 514 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 14 | 0 |