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1
Peters CJ, 2002. Arenaviruses. Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, eds. Clinical Virology. Second edition. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 949–969.
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2
McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, 2002. Lassa fever. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 262 :75–109.
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Webb PA, Maiztegui J, 1988. Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers (South American hemorrhagic fevers). Gear JHS, ed. CRC Handbook of Viral and Rickettsial Hemorrhagic Fevers. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 145–154.
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de Manzione N, Salas RA, Paredes H, Godoy O, Rojas L, Araoz F, Fulhorst CF, Ksiazek TG, Mills JN, Ellis BA, Peters CJ, Tesh RB, 1998. Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever: clinical and epidemiological studies of 165 cases. J Infect Dis 26 :308–313.
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Coimbra TLM, Nassar ES, Burattini MN, de Souza LTM, Ferreira IB, Rocco IM, Travassos da Rosa APA, Vasconcelos PFC, Pinheiro FP, Le Duc JW, Rico-Hesse R, Gonzalez JP, Jahrling PB, Tesh RB, 1994. New arenavirus isolated in Brazil. Lancet 343 :391–392.
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Peters CJ, Jahrling PB, Kiu CT, Kenyon RH, McKee KT, Barrera Oro JB, 1987. Experimental studies of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 134 :5–68.
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Jahrling PB, Hesse RA, Eddy GA, Johnson KM, Callis RT, Stephen EL, 1980. Lassa virus infection of rhesus monkeys: pathogenesis and treatment with ribavirin. J Infect Dis 141 :580–588.
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Connolly BM, Jenson AB, Peters CJ, Geyer SJ, Barth JF, McPherson RA, 1993. Pathogenesis of Pichinde virus infection in strain 13 guinea pigs: an immunologic, virologic and clinical chemistry study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49 :10–24.
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Xiao SY, Zhang H, Yang Y, Tesh RB, 2001. Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) infection in the Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus: a new animal model for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 :111–118.
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Fulhorst CF, Bowen MD, Salas RA, de Manzione NMC, Duno G, Utrera A, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Nichol ST, de Miller E, Tovar D, Ramos B, Vasquez C, Tesh RB, 1997. Isolation and characterization of Pirital virus, a newly discovered South American arenavirus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :548–553.
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Salvato MS, Clegg JCS, Buchmeier MJ, Charrel RN, Gonzalez J-P, Lukashevich IS, Peters CJ, Rico-Hesse R, Ramanowski V, 2005. Family Arenaviridae. Fauguet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA, eds. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Eight Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press, 725–733.
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CLINICAL LABORATORY, VIROLOGIC, AND PATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN HAMSTERS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH PIRITAL VIRUS (ARENAVIRIDAE): A RODENT MODEL OF LASSA FEVER
The clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes occurring in hamsters after infection with Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) are described. Pirital virus infection in the hamsters was characterized by high titered viremia, leukocytosis, coagulopathy, pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, hepatocellular and splenic necrosis, and marked elevation of serum transaminase levels. All of the animals died within 9 days. The clinical and histopathological findings in the Pirital virus–infected hamsters were very similar to those reported in severe human cases of Lassa fever, suggesting that this new animal model could serve as a low-cost and relatively safe alternative for studying the pathogenesis and therapy of Lassa fever.