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-
1
Lule JR, Mermin J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Hughes P, Bunnell R, Kaharuza F, Coutinho A, Kigozi A, Quick R, 2005. Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immunodeficiency varys in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :926–933.
-
2
Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV, 1995. Safe water treatment and storage in the home. A practical new strategy to prevent water-borne disease. JAMA 273 :948–953.
-
3
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control.
-
4
Reiff FM, Roses M, Venczel L, Quick R, Witt VM, 1996. Low-cost safe water for the world: a practical interim solution. J Public Health Policy 17 :389–408.
-
5
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. Provisional WHO/UNAIDS Secretariat Recommendations on the Use of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Adults and Children Living With HIV/AIDS in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS/World Health Organization.
-
6
Mermin J, Lule J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Kaharuza F, Culver D, Kizito F, Bunnell R, Kigozi A, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Quick R, 2004. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda. Lancet 364 :1428–1434.
-
7
Pitter C, Marseille E, Kahn JG, Lule JR, McFarland DA, Ekwaru JP, Bunnell R, Quick R, Coutinho A, Mermin J, Cost-Effectiveness of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Among Persons With HIV in Uganda. Presentation at the WHO Expert Consultation on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in HIV Infection, Geneva, May 10–12, 2005.
-
8
Wiktor SZ, Sassan-Morokro M, Grant AD, Abouya L, Karon JM, Maurice C, Djomand G, Ackah A, Domoua K, Kadio A, Yapi A, Combe P, Tossou O, Roels TH, Lackritz EM, Coulibaly D, De Cock KM, Coulibaly IM, Greenberg AE, 1999. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353 :1469–1475.
-
9
Anglaret X, Chene G, Attia A, Toure S, Lafont S, Combe P, Manlan K, 1999. N’Dri-Yoman T, Salamon R. Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised trial. Cotrimo-CI Study Group. Lancet 353 :1463–1468.
-
10
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
-
11
Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz E, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
-
12
Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, Malenga G, Toole M, Rodka H, 2001. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull World Health Organ 79 :280–287.
-
13
Varley RC, Tarvid J, Chao DN, 1998. A reassessment of the cost-effectiveness of water and sanitation interventions in programmes for controlling childhood diarrhoea. Bull World Health Organ 76 :617–631.
-
14
Jha P, Bangoura O, Ranson K, 1998. The cost-effectiveness of forty health interventions in Guinea. Health Policy Plan 13 :249–262.
-
15
Murray J, McFarland DA, Waldman RJ, 1998. Cost-effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in a stable refugee population at risk for epidemic cholera and in a population with endemic cholera. Bull World Health Organ 76 :343–352.
-
16
Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC, 1996. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
17
Mathers CD, Bernard C, Moesgaard Iburg K, Inoue M, Ma Fat D, Shibuya K, Stein C, Tomijima N, Xu H. 2004. Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Sources, Methods and Results Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
18
Murray CJ, Lopez AD, 1996. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Mortality and Disability from Diseases, and Risk Factors ini 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
19
Johns B, Baltussen R, Hutubessy R, 2003. Programme costs in the economic evaluation of health interventions. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 1 :1.
-
20
UNAIDS, 2000. Costing Guidelines for HIV Prevention Strategies. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.
-
21
Ministry of Public Service, 2003. Implementation of the Single Spine Salary Structure: 2003/2004 Financial Year. Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Public Service, Kampala.
-
22
Crump JA, Otieno PO, Slutsker L, Keswick BH, Rosen DH, Hoekstra RM, Vulule JM, Luby SP, 2005. Household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 331 :478.
-
23
Reller ME, Mong YJ, Hoekstra RM, Quick RE, 2001. Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: an outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar. Am J Public Health 91 :1608–1610.
-
24
World Bank, 1993. World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
25
World Bank, 1997. Confronting AIDS: Public Priorities in a Global Epidemic. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
26
Jamison DT, Mosley WH, Measham AR, Bobadilla JL, 1993. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
27
World Health Organization, 2004. Choosing Interventions That Are Cost Effective: Who Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
28
UNDP, 2002. Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World. New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 260 | 202 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 124 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 3 | 0 |
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HOME-BASED CHLORINATION AND SAFE WATER STORAGE IN REDUCING DIARRHEA AMONG HIV-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL UGANDA
RAM K. SHRESTHA
RAM K. SHRESTHA
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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ELLIOT MARSEILLE
ELLIOT MARSEILLE
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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JAMES G. KAHN
JAMES G. KAHN
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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JOHN R. LULE
JOHN R. LULE
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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CHRISTIAN PITTER
CHRISTIAN PITTER
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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JOHN M. BLANDFORD
JOHN M. BLANDFORD
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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REBECCA BUNNELL
REBECCA BUNNELL
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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ALEX COUTINHO
ALEX COUTINHO
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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FRANCIS KIZITO
FRANCIS KIZITO
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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ROBERT QUICK
ROBERT QUICK
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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JONATHAN MERMIN
JONATHAN MERMIN
Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA; CDC-Uganda, Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, and Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda and Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The AIDS Support Organization, Entebbe, Uganda; Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA
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Safe water systems (SWSs) have been shown to reduce diarrhea and death. We examined the cost-effectiveness of SWS for HIV-affected households using health outcomes and costs from a randomized controlled trial in Tororo, Uganda. SWS was part of a home-based health care package that included rapid diarrhea diagnosis and treatment of 196 households with relatively good water and sanitation coverage. SWS use averted 37 diarrhea episodes and 310 diarrhea-days, representing 0.155 disability-adjusted life year (DALY) gained per 100 person-years, but did not alter mortality. Net program costs were $5.21/episode averted, $0.62/diarrhea-day averted, and $1,252/DALY gained. If mortality reduction had equaled another SWS trial in Kenya, the cost would have been $11/DALY gained. The high SWS cost per DALY gained was probably caused by a lack of mortality benefit in a trial designed to rapidly treat diarrhea. SWS is an effective intervention whose cost-effectiveness is sensitive to diarrhea-related mortality, diarrhea incidence, and effective clinical management.
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-
1
Lule JR, Mermin J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Hughes P, Bunnell R, Kaharuza F, Coutinho A, Kigozi A, Quick R, 2005. Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immunodeficiency varys in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :926–933.
-
2
Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV, 1995. Safe water treatment and storage in the home. A practical new strategy to prevent water-borne disease. JAMA 273 :948–953.
-
3
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000. Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control.
-
4
Reiff FM, Roses M, Venczel L, Quick R, Witt VM, 1996. Low-cost safe water for the world: a practical interim solution. J Public Health Policy 17 :389–408.
-
5
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. Provisional WHO/UNAIDS Secretariat Recommendations on the Use of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Adults and Children Living With HIV/AIDS in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS/World Health Organization.
-
6
Mermin J, Lule J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, Kaharuza F, Culver D, Kizito F, Bunnell R, Kigozi A, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Quick R, 2004. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda. Lancet 364 :1428–1434.
-
7
Pitter C, Marseille E, Kahn JG, Lule JR, McFarland DA, Ekwaru JP, Bunnell R, Quick R, Coutinho A, Mermin J, Cost-Effectiveness of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Among Persons With HIV in Uganda. Presentation at the WHO Expert Consultation on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in HIV Infection, Geneva, May 10–12, 2005.
-
8
Wiktor SZ, Sassan-Morokro M, Grant AD, Abouya L, Karon JM, Maurice C, Djomand G, Ackah A, Domoua K, Kadio A, Yapi A, Combe P, Tossou O, Roels TH, Lackritz EM, Coulibaly D, De Cock KM, Coulibaly IM, Greenberg AE, 1999. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353 :1469–1475.
-
9
Anglaret X, Chene G, Attia A, Toure S, Lafont S, Combe P, Manlan K, 1999. N’Dri-Yoman T, Salamon R. Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised trial. Cotrimo-CI Study Group. Lancet 353 :1463–1468.
-
10
Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M, Hutwagner L, Greene K, Bopp C, Maloney K, Chavez D, Sobsey M, Tauxe RV, 1999. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 122 :83–90.
-
11
Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, Mintz E, 2002. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :584–589.
-
12
Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, Malenga G, Toole M, Rodka H, 2001. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull World Health Organ 79 :280–287.
-
13
Varley RC, Tarvid J, Chao DN, 1998. A reassessment of the cost-effectiveness of water and sanitation interventions in programmes for controlling childhood diarrhoea. Bull World Health Organ 76 :617–631.
-
14
Jha P, Bangoura O, Ranson K, 1998. The cost-effectiveness of forty health interventions in Guinea. Health Policy Plan 13 :249–262.
-
15
Murray J, McFarland DA, Waldman RJ, 1998. Cost-effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in a stable refugee population at risk for epidemic cholera and in a population with endemic cholera. Bull World Health Organ 76 :343–352.
-
16
Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC, 1996. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
17
Mathers CD, Bernard C, Moesgaard Iburg K, Inoue M, Ma Fat D, Shibuya K, Stein C, Tomijima N, Xu H. 2004. Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Sources, Methods and Results Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
18
Murray CJ, Lopez AD, 1996. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Mortality and Disability from Diseases, and Risk Factors ini 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
19
Johns B, Baltussen R, Hutubessy R, 2003. Programme costs in the economic evaluation of health interventions. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 1 :1.
-
20
UNAIDS, 2000. Costing Guidelines for HIV Prevention Strategies. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.
-
21
Ministry of Public Service, 2003. Implementation of the Single Spine Salary Structure: 2003/2004 Financial Year. Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Public Service, Kampala.
-
22
Crump JA, Otieno PO, Slutsker L, Keswick BH, Rosen DH, Hoekstra RM, Vulule JM, Luby SP, 2005. Household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 331 :478.
-
23
Reller ME, Mong YJ, Hoekstra RM, Quick RE, 2001. Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: an outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar. Am J Public Health 91 :1608–1610.
-
24
World Bank, 1993. World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
25
World Bank, 1997. Confronting AIDS: Public Priorities in a Global Epidemic. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
26
Jamison DT, Mosley WH, Measham AR, Bobadilla JL, 1993. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
27
World Health Organization, 2004. Choosing Interventions That Are Cost Effective: Who Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
28
UNDP, 2002. Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World. New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 260 | 202 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 124 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 3 | 0 |