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1
Bogaert D, de Groot R, Hermans PWH, 2004. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 4 :144–154.
-
2
O’Brien KL, Nohynek H, and the WHO Pneumococcal Vaccine Trials Carriage Working Group, 2003. Report from a WHO working group: standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 :133–140.
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3
Greenwood B, 1999. The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci 354 :777–785.
-
4
Sørensen UB, 1993. Typing of pneumococci using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol 31 :2097–2100.
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5
Lalitha MK, Thomas K, Satish Kumar R, Steinhoff MC, and the IBIS Study Group, 1999. Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae coagglutination with 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol 37 :263–265.
-
6
Slotved H-C, Kaltoft M, Skovsted IC, Kerrn MB, Espersen F, 2004. Simple, rapid latex agglutination test for serotyping of pneumococci (Pneumo-Latex). J Clin Microbiol 42 :2518–2522.
-
7
Kilpi T, Herva E, Kaijalainen T, Syrjänen R, Takala AK, 2001. Bacteriology of otitis media in a cohort of Finnish children followed for the first two years of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 :654–662.
-
8
O’Brien KL, Bronsdon MA, Dagan R, Yagupsky P, Janco J, Elliot J, Whitney CG, YangYH, Robinson LGE, Schwartz B, Carlone GM, 2001. Evaluation of a medium (STGG) for transport and optimal recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal secretion collected during field studies. J Clin Microbiol 39 :1021–1024.
-
9
Kaijalainen T, Ruokokoski E, Ukkonen P, Herva E, 2004. Survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis frozen in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium. J Clin Microbiol 42 :412–414.
-
10
Konradsen HB, and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratories in Europe, 2005. Validation of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Europe. Vaccine 2 :1368–1373.
-
11
Herva E, Sombrero L, Lupisan S, Arcay J, Ruutu P, 1999. Establishing a laboratory for surveillance of invasive bacterial infections in a tertiary care government hospital in a rural province in the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :1035–1040.
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12
Syrjänen RK, Kilpi TM, Kaijalainen TH, Herva EE, Takala AK, 2001. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Finnish children younger than 2 years old. J Infect Dis 184 :451–459.
-
13
Coles CL, Kanungo R, Rahmathullah L, Thulasiraj RD, Katz J, Santosham M, Tielsch JM, 2001. Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization in young South Indian infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 :289–295.
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14
Scott JA, Hall AJ, Dagan R, Dixon JMS, Eykyn SJ, Fenoll A, Hortal M, Jette LP, Jorgensen JH, Lamothe F, Latorre C, Macfarlane JT, Shlaes DM, Smart LE, Taunay A, 1996. Serogroup-specific epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Associations with age, sex, and geography in 7,000 episodes of invasive disease. Clin Infect Dis 22 :973–981.
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15
Hausdorff WP, Bryant J, Paradiso PR, Siber GR, 2000. Which pneumococcal serogroups cause the most invasive disease: Implications for conjugate vaccine formulation and use, Part I. Clin Infect Dis 30 :100–121.
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16
Konradsen HB, Kaltoft MS, 2002. Invasive pneumococcal infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: Epidemiology, serotypes, and resistance. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :358–365.
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17
Kaijalainen T, Rintamäki S, Herva E, Leinonen M, 2002. Evaluation of gene-technological and conventional methods in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Microbiol Methods 51 :111–118.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 113 | 69 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 99 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 39 | 3 | 0 |
FIELD EVALUATION OF THE CHESSBOARD MODIFICATION FOR SEROTYPING OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN A SMALL LABORATORY IN BANGLADESH
ELJA HERVA
ELJA HERVA
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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SIMO GRANAT
SIMO GRANAT
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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ZAKARIA MIA
ZAKARIA MIA
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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JUKKA OLLGREN
JUKKA OLLGREN
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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LIISA PIIRAINEN
LIISA PIIRAINEN
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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P. HELENA MÄKELÄ
P. HELENA MÄKELÄ
National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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The chessboard modification of the quellung method for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) was introduced in the Gonoshasthaya Vaccine Research Laboratory, a small laboratory in Bangladesh. We applied initial bench-side training and subsequent continuous surveillance and quality assurance as approaches for good laboratory practice. Results obtained a this laboratory on 1,101 consecutive isolates had satisfactory sensitivity (85.1–100%) and specificity (97.9–99.9%) for serotyping the 10 most common serogroups/types of pneumococci when compared with the results obtained in the Finnish reference laboratory for pneumococcal serotyping at the National Public Health Institute. We conclude that serotyping of pneumococci by the chessboard method can be introduced into a small laboratory by providing basic bacteriologic skills, adequate initial training, and continuous external support.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Bogaert D, de Groot R, Hermans PWH, 2004. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 4 :144–154.
-
2
O’Brien KL, Nohynek H, and the WHO Pneumococcal Vaccine Trials Carriage Working Group, 2003. Report from a WHO working group: standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 :133–140.
-
3
Greenwood B, 1999. The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci 354 :777–785.
-
4
Sørensen UB, 1993. Typing of pneumococci using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol 31 :2097–2100.
-
5
Lalitha MK, Thomas K, Satish Kumar R, Steinhoff MC, and the IBIS Study Group, 1999. Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae coagglutination with 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol 37 :263–265.
-
6
Slotved H-C, Kaltoft M, Skovsted IC, Kerrn MB, Espersen F, 2004. Simple, rapid latex agglutination test for serotyping of pneumococci (Pneumo-Latex). J Clin Microbiol 42 :2518–2522.
-
7
Kilpi T, Herva E, Kaijalainen T, Syrjänen R, Takala AK, 2001. Bacteriology of otitis media in a cohort of Finnish children followed for the first two years of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 :654–662.
-
8
O’Brien KL, Bronsdon MA, Dagan R, Yagupsky P, Janco J, Elliot J, Whitney CG, YangYH, Robinson LGE, Schwartz B, Carlone GM, 2001. Evaluation of a medium (STGG) for transport and optimal recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal secretion collected during field studies. J Clin Microbiol 39 :1021–1024.
-
9
Kaijalainen T, Ruokokoski E, Ukkonen P, Herva E, 2004. Survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis frozen in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium. J Clin Microbiol 42 :412–414.
-
10
Konradsen HB, and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratories in Europe, 2005. Validation of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Europe. Vaccine 2 :1368–1373.
-
11
Herva E, Sombrero L, Lupisan S, Arcay J, Ruutu P, 1999. Establishing a laboratory for surveillance of invasive bacterial infections in a tertiary care government hospital in a rural province in the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :1035–1040.
-
12
Syrjänen RK, Kilpi TM, Kaijalainen TH, Herva EE, Takala AK, 2001. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Finnish children younger than 2 years old. J Infect Dis 184 :451–459.
-
13
Coles CL, Kanungo R, Rahmathullah L, Thulasiraj RD, Katz J, Santosham M, Tielsch JM, 2001. Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization in young South Indian infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20 :289–295.
-
14
Scott JA, Hall AJ, Dagan R, Dixon JMS, Eykyn SJ, Fenoll A, Hortal M, Jette LP, Jorgensen JH, Lamothe F, Latorre C, Macfarlane JT, Shlaes DM, Smart LE, Taunay A, 1996. Serogroup-specific epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Associations with age, sex, and geography in 7,000 episodes of invasive disease. Clin Infect Dis 22 :973–981.
-
15
Hausdorff WP, Bryant J, Paradiso PR, Siber GR, 2000. Which pneumococcal serogroups cause the most invasive disease: Implications for conjugate vaccine formulation and use, Part I. Clin Infect Dis 30 :100–121.
-
16
Konradsen HB, Kaltoft MS, 2002. Invasive pneumococcal infections in Denmark from 1995 to 1999: Epidemiology, serotypes, and resistance. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 :358–365.
-
17
Kaijalainen T, Rintamäki S, Herva E, Leinonen M, 2002. Evaluation of gene-technological and conventional methods in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Microbiol Methods 51 :111–118.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 113 | 69 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 99 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 39 | 3 | 0 |